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Kidney360 Dec 2022
Topics: Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents
PubMed: 36591358
DOI: 10.34067/KID.0005652022 -
Experimental Biology and Medicine... May 2016Targeting the immune system with nanomaterials is an intensely active area of research. Specifically, the capability to induce immunosuppression is a promising... (Review)
Review
Targeting the immune system with nanomaterials is an intensely active area of research. Specifically, the capability to induce immunosuppression is a promising complement for drug delivery and regenerative medicine therapies. Many novel strategies for immunosuppression rely on nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for small-molecule immunosuppressive compounds. As a consequence, efforts in understanding the mechanisms in which nanoparticles directly interact with the immune system have been overshadowed. The immunological activity of nanoparticles is dependent on the physiochemical properties of the nanoparticles and its subsequent cellular internalization. As the underlying factors for these reactions are elucidated, more nanoparticles may be engineered and evaluated for inducing immunosuppression and complementing immunosuppressive drugs. This review will briefly summarize the state-of-the-art and developments in understanding how nanoparticles induce immunosuppressive responses, compare the inherent properties of nanomaterials which induce these immunological reactions, and comment on the potential for using nanomaterials to modulate and control the immune system.
Topics: Animals; Drug Carriers; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 27229901
DOI: 10.1177/1535370216650053 -
Einstein (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2015Heart transplantation is currently the definitive gold standard surgical approach in the treatment of refractory heart failure. However, the shortage of donors limits... (Review)
Review
Heart transplantation is currently the definitive gold standard surgical approach in the treatment of refractory heart failure. However, the shortage of donors limits the achievement of a greater number of heart transplants, in which the use of mechanical circulatory support devices is increasing. With well-established indications and contraindications, as well as diagnosis and treatment of rejection through defined protocols of immunosuppression, the outcomes of heart transplantation are very favorable. Among early complications that can impact survival are primary graft failure, right ventricular dysfunction, rejection, and infections, whereas late complications include cardiac allograft vasculopathy and neoplasms. Despite the difficulties for heart transplantation, in particular, the shortage of donors and high mortality while on the waiting list, in Brazil, there is a great potential for both increasing effective donors and using circulatory assist devices, which can positively impact the number and outcomes of heart transplants.
Topics: Brazil; Chagas Cardiomyopathy; Graft Rejection; Heart Failure; Heart Transplantation; Heart-Assist Devices; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Neoplasms; Opportunistic Infections; Postoperative Complications; Primary Graft Dysfunction; Tissue Donors
PubMed: 26154552
DOI: 10.1590/S1679-45082015RW3154 -
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Cytomegalovirus; Cytomegalovirus Infections; Humans; Immunization, Passive; Immunosuppression Therapy; Leukopenia; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Serotherapy
PubMed: 33942769
DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_55_21 -
Gut and Liver Jul 2016
Topics: Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Liver Transplantation; Postoperative Period; Steroids; Time
PubMed: 27377738
DOI: 10.5009/gnl16204 -
Cells Oct 2023Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The development of the Edmonton Protocol for islet transplantation in 2000 revolutionized... (Review)
Review
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells. The development of the Edmonton Protocol for islet transplantation in 2000 revolutionized T1D treatment and offered a glimpse at a cure for the disease. In 2022, the 20-year follow-up findings of islet cell transplantation demonstrated the long-term safety of islet cell transplantation despite chronic immunosuppression. The Edmonton Protocol, however, remains limited by two obstacles: scarce organ donor availability and risks associated with chronic immunosuppression. To overcome these challenges, the search has begun for an alternative cell source. In 2006, pluripotency genomic factors, coined "Yamanaka Factors," were discovered, which reprogram mature somatic cells back to their embryonic, pluripotent form (iPSC). iPSCs can then be differentiated into specialized cell types, including islet cells. This discovery has opened a gateway to a personalized medicine approach to treating diabetes, circumventing the issues of donor supply and immunosuppression. In this review, we present a brief history of allogenic islet cell transplantation from the early days of pancreatic remnant transplantation to present work on encapsulating stem cell-derived cells. We review data on long-term outcomes and the ongoing challenges of allogenic islet cell and stem cell-derived islet cell transplant.
Topics: Humans; Islets of Langerhans Transplantation; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Islets of Langerhans; Insulin-Secreting Cells; Immunosuppression Therapy
PubMed: 37887267
DOI: 10.3390/cells12202423 -
Blood Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Hemophilia A; Immunosuppression Therapy
PubMed: 36326794
DOI: 10.1182/blood.2022017947 -
Cellular & Molecular Immunology Apr 2019Vascularized composite allotransplants (VCAs) have unique properties because of diverse tissue components transplanted en mass as a single unit. In addition to surgery,... (Review)
Review
Vascularized composite allotransplants (VCAs) have unique properties because of diverse tissue components transplanted en mass as a single unit. In addition to surgery, this type of transplant also faces enormous immunological challenges that demand a detailed analysis of all aspects of alloimmune responses, organ preservation, and injury, as well as the immunogenicity of various tissues within the VCA grafts to further improve graft and patient outcomes. Moreover, the side effects of long-term immunosuppression for VCA patients need to be carefully balanced with the potential benefit of a non-life-saving procedure. In this review article, we provide a comprehensive update on limb and face transplantation, with a specific emphasis on the alloimmune responses to VCA, established and novel immunosuppressive treatments, and patient outcomes.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Innate; Immunosuppression Therapy; Immunosuppressive Agents; Risk Factors; Skin; Skin Transplantation; Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
PubMed: 30842628
DOI: 10.1038/s41423-019-0215-3 -
The Veterinary Quarterly Dec 2023Certain pathogens, due to their adverse effects on the immune reaction, aggravate the course of concomitant heterologous infections. Here we summarize mechanisms by... (Review)
Review
Certain pathogens, due to their adverse effects on the immune reaction, aggravate the course of concomitant heterologous infections. Here we summarize mechanisms by which circoviruses, including the most studied porcine circovirus 2, and other mammalian and avian circoviruses, trigger their own replication and confound the hosts' immune response. At different stages of infection, from latent state to disease induction, these viruses markedly influence the cellular signaling pathways. Circoviruses have been found to interfere with interferon and proinflammatory cytokine producing and responsive pathways. Apoptotic processes, altered cellular transport and constraint of the mitotic phase all support the viral replication. The cytokine imbalance and lymphocyte depletion, thus the impaired immunity, favors invasion of super- or co-infecting agents, which in concert with circoviruses induce illnesses with increased severity. The information summarized in this review point out the diversity of host and viral factors involved in the mechanisms of disease progression during circovirus infections.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Circovirus; Circoviridae Infections; Virus Replication; Immunosuppression Therapy; Cytokines; Swine Diseases; Mammals
PubMed: 37431709
DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2023.2234430 -
American Journal of Transplantation :... Mar 2018A higher risk for a variety of cancers is among the major complications of posttransplantation immunosuppression. In this part of a continuing series on cancers... (Review)
Review
A higher risk for a variety of cancers is among the major complications of posttransplantation immunosuppression. In this part of a continuing series on cancers posttransplantation, this review focuses on the hematologic cancers after solid organ transplantation. Posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLDs), which comprise the great majority of hematologic cancers, represent a spectrum of conditions that include, but are not limited to, the Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus is a key pathogenic driver in many PTLD cases, through known and unknown mechanisms. The other hematologic cancers include leukemias and plasma cell neoplasms (multiple myeloma and plasmacytoma). Clinical features vary across malignancies and location. Preventive screening strategies have been attempted mainly for PTLDs. Treatments include the chemotherapy regimens for the specific cancers, but also include reduction of immunosuppression, rituximab, and other therapies.
Topics: Hematologic Neoplasms; Humans; Immunosuppression Therapy; Organ Transplantation; Prognosis
PubMed: 29178667
DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14603