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British Medical Journal Jun 1947
Topics: Fertilization; Humans; Insemination; Insemination, Artificial
PubMed: 20240914
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4509.826 -
British Medical Journal May 1947
Topics: Fertilization; Humans; Insemination; Insemination, Artificial
PubMed: 20343531
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4507.738-b -
British Medical Journal Jun 1947
Topics: Fertilization; Humans; Insemination; Insemination, Artificial
PubMed: 20248146
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4512.945 -
Microbiology Spectrum Dec 2023Emerging evidence suggests that microbiome-targeted approaches may provide a novel opportunity to reduce the incidence of reproductive failures in cattle. To develop...
Sequencing and culture-based characterization of the vaginal and uterine microbiota in beef cattle that became pregnant or remained open following artificial insemination.
Emerging evidence suggests that microbiome-targeted approaches may provide a novel opportunity to reduce the incidence of reproductive failures in cattle. To develop such microbiome-based strategies, one of the first logical steps is to identify reproductive microbiome features related to fertility and to isolate the fertility-associated microbial species for developing a future bacterial consortium that could be administered before breeding to enhance pregnancy outcomes. Here, we characterized the vaginal and uterine microbiota in beef cattle that became pregnant or remained open via artificial insemination and identified microbiota features associated with fertility. We compared similarities between vaginal and uterine microbiota and between heifers and cows. Using culturing, we provided new insights into the culturable fraction of the vaginal and uterine microbiota and their antimicrobial resistance. Overall, our findings will serve as an important basis for future research aimed at harnessing the vaginal and uterine microbiome for improved cattle fertility.
Topics: Pregnancy; Cattle; Animals; Female; Reproduction; Vagina; Insemination, Artificial; Fertility; Microbiota
PubMed: 37921486
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02732-23 -
Annals of Medicine Apr 1992
Topics: Female; Humans; Infertility, Male; Insemination, Artificial; Male; Semen Preservation
PubMed: 1610543
DOI: 10.3109/07853899209148330 -
Journal of Visualized Experiments : JoVE 2007Rodents of the genus Peromyscus (deer mice) are the most prevalent native North American mammals. Peromyscus species are used in a wide range of research including...
Rodents of the genus Peromyscus (deer mice) are the most prevalent native North American mammals. Peromyscus species are used in a wide range of research including toxicology, epidemiology, ecology, behavioral, and genetic studies. Here they provide a useful model for demonstrations of artificial insemination. Methods similar to those displayed here have previously been used in several deer mouse studies, yet no detailed protocol has been published. Here we demonstrate the basic method of artificial insemination. This method entails extracting the testes from the rodent, then isolating the sperm from the epididymis and vas deferens. The mature sperm, now in a milk mixture, are placed in the female's reproductive tract at the time of ovulation. Fertilization is counted as day 0 for timing of embryo development. Embryos can then be retrieved at the desired time-point and manipulated.Artificial insemination can be used in a variety of rodent species where exact embryo timing is crucial or hard to obtain. This technique is vital for species or strains (including most Peromyscus) which may not mate immediately and/or where mating is hard to assess. In addition, artificial insemination provides exact timing for embryo development either in mapping developmental progress and/or transgenic work. Reduced numbers of animals can be used since fertilization is guaranteed. This method has been vital to furthering the Peromyscus system, and will hopefully benefit others as well.
Topics: Animals; Cell Separation; Developmental Biology; Female; Insemination, Artificial; Male; Mice; Spermatozoa
PubMed: 18978991
DOI: 10.3791/184 -
Fertility and Sterility Jun 1989Substantial evidence now exists to show that considerable maternal-fetal morbidity may result from microbiologic transmitted diseases that can be transmitted through... (Review)
Review
Substantial evidence now exists to show that considerable maternal-fetal morbidity may result from microbiologic transmitted diseases that can be transmitted through artificial insemination by donor. In the present decade it has become increasingly clear that the use of fresh semen is potentially hazardous and its use has been discouraged by both the CDC and AFS. To minimize this risk, donor insemination programs should establish their own guidelines to thoroughly evaluate potential semen donors via history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation before the use of donor semen after cryopreservation and quarantine. The management of a donor insemination program in the future requires uniform procedures for rigorous genetic and microbiologic screening before the selection and use of semen donors for artificial insemination.
Topics: Female; Humans; Insemination, Artificial; Insemination, Artificial, Heterologous; Male; Medical History Taking; Patient Education as Topic; Sexually Transmitted Diseases
PubMed: 2656309
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)60719-7 -
Revue Scientifique Et Technique... Sep 1990Artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET) are not just reproductive techniques, but indispensable tools for genetic improvement. In this sense, they play an... (Review)
Review
Artificial insemination (AI) and embryo transfer (ET) are not just reproductive techniques, but indispensable tools for genetic improvement. In this sense, they play an effective part in propagating improved breeds. Analysis of the development of insemination of French cattle breeds since 1960 shows how breeders can alter their genetic choices to meet economic needs. AI and ET also have their place in selection programmes: evaluating bulls by progeny testing, exerting greater selection pressure on the dams of bulls, and shortening the generation interval of breeding animals. Finally, the income of breeders is closely linked to the genetic level of the livestock which they utilise.
Topics: Animals; Breeding; Cattle; Embryo Transfer; Insemination, Artificial
PubMed: 2132705
DOI: No ID Found -
Animal Reproduction Science May 2024Successful artificial breeding underpins rapid genetic and production gains in animal agriculture. In sheep, artificial insemination with frozen semen is performed via... (Review)
Review
Successful artificial breeding underpins rapid genetic and production gains in animal agriculture. In sheep, artificial insemination with frozen semen is performed via intrauterine laparoscopy as frozen-thawed spermatozoa do not traverse the cervix in sufficient numbers for high fertility and transcervical insemination is anatomically impossible in most ewes. Historically, laparoscopic artificial insemination has always been considered reasonably successful, but recent anecdotal reports of poor fertility place it at risk of warning adoption. Understanding the male, female and environmental factors that influence the fertility of sheep is warranted if the success of artificial insemination is to be improved and genetic progress maximised for the sheep industry. This review details the current practice of laparoscopic AI in sheep. It explores the effects of semen quantity and quality, the ewe, her preparation, and environmental conditions, on the fertility obtained following laparoscopic artificial insemination.
Topics: Animals; Insemination, Artificial; Sheep; Female; Laparoscopy; Male; Pregnancy; Semen Preservation
PubMed: 38547814
DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2024.107453 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jul 2023This study aimed to determine the effect of 2 simple breeding strategies combining artificial insemination (AI) after detection of estrus (AIED) and timed AI (TAI) on...
Presynchronization with prostaglandin F and gonadotropin-releasing hormone simultaneously improved first-service pregnancy per artificial insemination in lactating Holstein cows compared with Presynch-14 when combined with detection of estrus.
This study aimed to determine the effect of 2 simple breeding strategies combining artificial insemination (AI) after detection of estrus (AIED) and timed AI (TAI) on first-service fertility in lactating Holstein cows. Weekly, lactating Holstein cows (n = l,049) between 40 and 46 d in milk (DIM) were randomly assigned to initiate 1 of 2 breeding strategies for first service: Presynch-14 and PG+G. Presynch-14 is a presynchronization strategy with 2 PGF treatments 14 d apart with the last PGF 14 d before the initiation of the Ovsynch protocol. Cows treated with PG+G receive a simpler presynchronization program that uses PGF and GnRH simultaneously 7 d before Ovsynch. In both treatments, cows detected in standing estrus by tail chalk at any time ≥55 DIM were inseminated, and treatment was discontinued (n = 525). Cows completing treatment received TAI from 78 to 84 DIM (n = 526). In a subgroup of cows that received TAI, blood was collected (n = 163) to assess circulating concentrations of progesterone, and ultrasonographic evaluations of ovaries were performed on the day of first GnRH of Ovsynch (n = 162) and PGF of Ovsynch (n = 122). The proportion of cows that received TAI was greater for PG+G compared with Presynch-14 (63.5 vs. 31.9%), which increased DIM at first service for cows treated with PG+G compared with Presynch-14 (75.5 ± 0.4 vs. 68.7 ± 0.4). For cows receiving TAI, the ovulatory response to first GnRH of Ovsynch (73.8 vs. 48.8%) and the proportion of cows with functional corpora lutea (92.6 vs. 73.1%) were greater for PG+G than Presynch-14. Cows treated with PG+G had greater overall pregnancy per AI (P/AI) 42 ± 7 d after AI (40.2 vs. 33.6%) and calving per AI (32.1 vs. 25.2%) than Presynch-14. For cows receiving AIED, treatment did not affect P/AI 42 ± 7 d after AI. However, for cows receiving TAI, PG+G increased P/AI compared with Presynch-14 (44.6 vs. 35.2%). Overall, cows receiving TAI had greater P/AI 42 ± 7 d after AI (42.5 vs. 31.5%) and calving per AI (34.1 vs. 23.7%) and decreased pregnancy loss (16.8 vs. 25.2%) than cows receiving AIED. In summary, PG+G increased the proportion of cows receiving TAI and the DIM at first service, P/AI, and calving per AI compared with Presynch-14 when both TAI programs were combined with AIED.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Cattle; Animals; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Lactation; Estrus Synchronization; Dinoprost; Estrus; Progesterone; Insemination, Artificial
PubMed: 37164866
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22651