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Dental Research Journal 2021This study aimed to assess the effect of citric acid, as a weak acid commonly used in food industry, on elastomeric chain force decay.
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to assess the effect of citric acid, as a weak acid commonly used in food industry, on elastomeric chain force decay.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In this , experimental study, sixty elastomeric chains from two commercial brands of American Orthodontics and Ortho Technology ( = 30) were cut into five-piece segments. Elastomeric chains of each brand were randomly divided into two groups of control (artificial saliva) and citric acid. All elastomeric chains were incubated in artificial saliva at 37°C. Experimental samples were immersed in 10 mL of citric acid for 90 s daily and were then transferred back to the artificial saliva. The elastomeric chain force was measured at baseline (before the experiment), 1 day, 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks using an electromechanical universal testing machine. Data were analyzed using -test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U-test at 0.05 level of significance.
RESULTS
The elastomeric chain force gradually degraded over time. The difference in this respect was not significant at 2 and 3 weeks in any group ( > 0.05). On initiation of the experiment, the force in the citric acid group experienced a greater decay than that in the control group; the difference between the citric acid and control groups in both the brands was significant at all time points until the end of the 3 week ( < 0.05). The difference between the American Orthodontics and Ortho Technology brands in the control and citric acid groups was significant at all time points ( < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Elastomeric chains in both the citric acid and artificial saliva groups experienced force decay over time. Force decay was greater in the citric acid group. Thus, citric acid can effectively decrease the elastomeric chain force. The Ortho Technology chain force was higher than that of American Orthodontics in both the groups at all time points.
PubMed: 34322207
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Oral Investigations Oct 2022Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients should be involved in the development of new saliva substitutes at an early stage. The purpose of the current study was to explore the...
OBJECTIVES
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients should be involved in the development of new saliva substitutes at an early stage. The purpose of the current study was to explore the preferences of these patients regarding various product characteristics of potential new saliva substitutes.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
A questionnaire was distributed among SS patients. They could anonymously indicate their preferences for saliva substitute characteristics using 5-point Likert scales.
RESULTS
Fifty-nine SS patients filled in the questionnaire. According to their opinion, the most ideal saliva substitute has a thin-watery consistency with a neutral flavour that should be applied as a spray. Patients demand a prolonged alleviation of dry mouth complaints and neutralization of harmful bacteria. The patients mainly object against the presence of artificial sweeteners and alcohol in saliva substitutes, but have limited objections against the presence of vegetable-based ingredients and natural enzymes. Major objections were against the potential side effects "bitter taste" and "discoloration of teeth". Age and severity of xerostomia affected desire of flavours. Younger patients preferred menthol flavour, while respondents with severe xerostomia preferred the use of "neutral flavours" significantly more.
CONCLUSION
The most ideal saliva substitute has thin-watery consistency in spray form with a neutral flavour and providing long alleviation of dry mouth complaints. Besides, it should not contain artificial sweeteners or alcohol, and should not have a bitter taste or cause discoloration of the teeth.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Investigating the opinion of SS patients provides tailoured insights into their preference, which may contribute to the development of more effective saliva substitutes.
Topics: Humans; Menthol; Saliva; Saliva, Artificial; Sjogren's Syndrome; Sweetening Agents; Xerostomia
PubMed: 35688954
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04576-w -
Materials (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2018The aim of the present study is to analyze the electrochemical behavior of five different dental alloys: two cobalt-chromium alloys (CoCr and CoCr-c), one...
The aim of the present study is to analyze the electrochemical behavior of five different dental alloys: two cobalt-chromium alloys (CoCr and CoCr-c), one nickel-chromium-titanium alloy (NiCrTi), one gold-palladium alloy (Au), and one titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V), and the galvanic effect when they are coupled to titanium implants (TiG2). It was carried out by electrochemical techniques (open circuit measurements, potentiodynamic curves and Zero-Resistance Ammetry) in artificial saliva (AS), with and without fluorides in different acidic conditions. The studied alloys are spontaneously passivated, but NiCrTi alloy has a very narrow passive domain and losses its passivity in presence of fluorides, so is not considered as a good option for implant superstructures. Variations of pH from 6.5 to 3 in artificial saliva do not change the electrochemical behavior of Ti, Ti6Al4V, and CoCr alloys, and couples, but when the pH of the artificial saliva is below 3.5 and the fluoride content is 1000 ppm Ti and Ti6Al4V starts actively dissolving, and CoCr-c superstructures coupled to Ti show acceleration of corrosion due to galvanic effects. Thus, NiCrTi is not recommended for implant superstructures because of risk of Ni ion release to the body, and fluorides should be avoided in acidic media because Ti, Ti6Al4V, and CoCr-c superstructures show galvanic corrosion. The best combinations are Ti/Ti6Al4V and Ti/CoCr as alternative of noble gold alloys.
PubMed: 29361767
DOI: 10.3390/ma11010171 -
NPJ Science of Food 2018Extensional and shear viscosities were studied for mixtures comprising artificial saliva and okra mucilage, the latter acting as a model thick-liquid food. These...
Extensional and shear viscosities were studied for mixtures comprising artificial saliva and okra mucilage, the latter acting as a model thick-liquid food. These experiments aimed to obtain information on the flow-behavior information of the systems, underpinning the texture sensation of foods as perceived by dysphagic and xerostomic populations. Mixing okra mucilage with artificial saliva dramatically increases the shear viscosity of artificial saliva throughout the studied ranges of concentrations and deformation rates. Particle tracking does not suggest direct interactions between the components of artificial saliva and of okra mucilage. The rheology of the okra polymer (OP)-artificial saliva (AS) mixture is dominated by its extensional viscosity: Trouton ratios are in the order of tens to hundreds, while they decrease with increasing okra-mucilage concentration; this highlighs the dominance of the extensional rheology and the increasing importance of the shear mechanics with increasing okra content. The relaxation times and extensional moduli are also reported for the systems under study. Extensional and shear flows are of equal importance concerning the elastic behavior.
PubMed: 31304270
DOI: 10.1038/s41538-018-0029-1 -
Journal of Dental Sciences Dec 2018Remineralization efficacy for early caries lesion may change when fluoride varnish (FV) is applied directly or indirectly to the lesion. This study compared direct and...
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE
Remineralization efficacy for early caries lesion may change when fluoride varnish (FV) is applied directly or indirectly to the lesion. This study compared direct and indirect remineralization efficacies of FV on artificial caries lesions and evaluated acid-resistance of lesion remineralized by FV and artificial saliva.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and twenty-six bovine demineralized specimens were allocated to four varnish groups (Duraphat, EnamelPro, MI™, and ClinproWhite™, = 28 each) and a negative-control group ( = 14). Half of specimens from each varnish group had the FV applied and the other specimens didn't. The specimens treated and not treated with the FV were immersed together in 20 mL of artificial saliva at 37 °C for 24 h. Then the applied FV was removed carefully from the specimen, and immersion process was continued in fresh artificial saliva for 48 h. The negative-control group was immersed in artificial saliva for same time as in varnish groups. The acid resistance of remineralized specimens from varnish groups was compared to negative-control group. Vickers microhardness number (VHN) was measured to evaluate re-demineralization effect.
RESULTS
The ΔVHN was significantly higher for indirect remineralization (134.4 ± 31.5, mean ± SD) than for direct remineralization (66.8 ± 27.9). All varnish groups showed significant differences between the direct and indirect application methods. The acid resistance of remineralized specimens was higher in the all FV groups than in the negative-control.
CONCLUSION
This study confirmed that the remineralization effect of fluoride varnishes would be higher in the vicinity than the underneath of the varnish treated surface.
PubMed: 30895146
DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2018.07.004 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences Mar 2020Ceylon Spinach () is an edible perennial vine found in tropical Asia and Africa, known as vegetables containing mucilage. Its mucilage from flowers was extracted by...
Ceylon Spinach () is an edible perennial vine found in tropical Asia and Africa, known as vegetables containing mucilage. Its mucilage from flowers was extracted by microwaving and precipitated with 95% ethanol. Five artificial saliva formulations composing of mucilage from Ceylon Spinach, calcium chloride (CaCl), potassium chloride (KCl) and sodium fluoride (NF) were developed. The best formulation No.5 containing 0.61% of the mucilage with the non-Newtonian pseudoplastic flow (8.9 ± 0.2 cP) and the wetting time (12.50 ± 2.24 min) similar to the normal human saliva was selected. This artificial saliva formulation exhibited biological activities including an antioxidative activity by DPPH free radical scavenging with the SC of 14.26 ± 2.00 mg/ml (0.05 folds of ascorbic acid), and the adhesion inhibition of on hydroxyapatite beads at 17.01 ± 7.75%, while the natural human saliva exhibited an increase bacterial adhesion of 33.10 ± 9.70%. The safety of this formulation which gave no cytotoxicity on normal human gingival fibroblasts at 99.20 ± 21.09% cell viability was also demonstrated. The results from this study have indicated high biological activity and safety of the developed formulation containing mucilage from Ceylon Spinach which is potential to be used as artificial saliva for xerostomia patients.
PubMed: 32127751
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.007 -
Journal of Functional Biomaterials Oct 2022Patients who require dental prosthetic restoration using frame dentures in the front part of the mouth very frequently report that teeth fall out of their dentures....
Patients who require dental prosthetic restoration using frame dentures in the front part of the mouth very frequently report that teeth fall out of their dentures. However, the available scientific papers are insufficient to compare the various methods of improving the connection between the denture base and the artificial tooth and choosing the best solution. This paper focuses on providing all parameters, enabling the reproduction of tests, and accounting for all variables. The paper uses an original method of creating grooves, sandpaper, sandblasting, and cutting the acrylate layer with a burr in one and two directions. Developed surfaces were additionally subjected to detailed examination. This study used 180 specimens divided into three groups and subjected to various environments (dry, artificial saliva, and thermocycles). Shearing and tensile strength tests were performed. The best results were obtained with a carbide burr. The increase in connection durability was as follows in the case of the shear test: 116.47% in dry samples, 155.38% in samples soaked in artificial saliva, and 46.59% in samples after thermocycles. The increase in tensile resistance was: 198.96% in a dry environment, 88.10% before being soaked in artificial saliva, and 94.04% after thermocycles.
PubMed: 36278652
DOI: 10.3390/jfb13040183 -
BioMed Research International 2020This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of scanned images of 4 clinically used intraoral scanners (CS3600, i500, Trios3, Omnicam) when scanning the surface of full arch...
AIM
This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of scanned images of 4 clinically used intraoral scanners (CS3600, i500, Trios3, Omnicam) when scanning the surface of full arch models with various kinds of orthodontic brackets in the presence of artificial saliva. . Four study models were prepared; bonded with ceramic, metal, and resin brackets, respectively, and without brackets. Reference images were taken by scanning the models with an industrial scanner. Study models were then applied with an artificial saliva and scanned 10 times, respectively, with the above 4 intraoral scanners. All images were converted to STL file format and analyzed with 3D analysis software. By superimposing with the reference images, mean maximum discrepancy values and mean discrepancy values were collected and compared. For statistical analysis, two-way ANOVA was used.
RESULTS
Omnicam (1.247 ± 0.255) showed higher mean maximum discrepancy values. CS3600 (0.758 ± 0.170), Trios3 (0.854 ± 0.166), and i500 (0.975 ± 0.172) performed relatively favourably. Resin (1.119 ± 0.255) and metal (1.086 ± 0.132) brackets showed higher mean maximum discrepancy values. Nonbracket (0.776 ± 0.250) and ceramic bracket (0.853 ± 0.269) models generally showed lower mean maximum discrepancy values in studied scanners. In mean discrepancy values, the difference between scanners was not statistically significant whereas among brackets, resin bracketed models (0.093 ± 0.142) showed the highest value.
CONCLUSION
Intraoral scanners and brackets had significant influences on the scanned images with application of artificial saliva on the study models. It may be expected to have similar outcomes in an intraoral environment. Some data showed the discrepancy values up to about 1.5 mm that would require more caution in using intraoral scanners for production of detailed appliances and records.
Topics: Ceramics; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Arch; Dental Impression Technique; Humans; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Models, Anatomic; Models, Dental; Orthodontic Brackets; Resins, Synthetic; Saliva, Artificial; Software
PubMed: 32185200
DOI: 10.1155/2020/2920804 -
Biomolecules Jul 2022In this study, diffusion coefficients of ammonium vanadate at tracer concentrations in artificial saliva with and without sodium fluoride, at different pH values, were...
In this study, diffusion coefficients of ammonium vanadate at tracer concentrations in artificial saliva with and without sodium fluoride, at different pH values, were measured using an experimental model based on the Taylor dispersion technique. Ternary mutual diffusion coefficients (, , , and ) for four aqueous systems {NHVO (component 1) + β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) (component 2),} {NHVO (component 1) + β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) (component 2)}, {NHVO (component 1) + sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) (component 2)} and {NHVO (component 1) + sodium hyaluronate (NaHy) (component 2)} at 25.00 °C were also measured by using the same technique. These data showed that diffusion of ammonium vanadate was strongly affected in all aqueous media studied. Furthermore, a significant coupled diffusion of this salt and β-CD was observed through the non-zero values of the cross-diffusion coefficients, , allowing us to conclude that there is a strong interaction between these two components. This finding is very promising considering the removal, from the oral cavity, of vanadium resulting from tribocorrosion of Ti-6Al-4V prosthetic devices.
Topics: Alloys; Ammonium Compounds; Ions; Mouth; Mouthwashes; Saliva, Artificial; Titanium; Vanadates; Vanadium; beta-Cyclodextrins
PubMed: 35883503
DOI: 10.3390/biom12070947 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2020The aims of this study are to assess different saliva substitutes for their efficacy to lubricate the oral cavity, and to relate this oral lubrication to the ability of...
OBJECTIVES
The aims of this study are to assess different saliva substitutes for their efficacy to lubricate the oral cavity, and to relate this oral lubrication to the ability of saliva substitutes to adsorb on and change the structure of the existing salivary conditioning film (SCF).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation was used to study the capability of saliva substitutes to interact with natural SCF and the ability to change the secondary SCF (S-SCF). A tongue-enamel friction system mimicking xerostomic conditions was used to assess the relief and relief period expected from these substitutes under set circumstances.
RESULTS
Saliva Orthana spray, Biotène spray and Gum Hydral gel had an immediate effect on a SCF, increasing its structural softness. BioXtra gel, Biotène gel, Gum Hydral gel and Glandosane spray changed the S-SCF by increasing salivary protein adsorption, while others showed no sign of interaction. With respect to relief, only 2 out of the 16 saliva substitutes tested (Saliva Orthana spray and Gum Hydral gel) performed better than water. Overall, relief period correlated positively to structural softness change, whereas a positive correlation was seen between relief and mass adsorption.
CONCLUSIONS
The majority of saliva substitutes did not adsorb on the SCF, thus did not enhance lubrication. Only saliva substitutes containing carrageenan, carboxymethylcellulose, pig gastric mucin, xanthan gum and carbomer performed better in enhancing oral lubrication.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This objective assessment will help clinicians and patients make better choice of saliva substitutes. This study provides a scientific basis for future improvement in saliva substitutes.
Topics: Animals; Dental Enamel; Humans; Lubrication; Saliva; Saliva, Artificial; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Swine; Xerostomia
PubMed: 32303864
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03272-x