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Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Dec 2023The atopic march encompasses a sequence of allergic conditions, including atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, that frequently develop in a... (Review)
Review
The atopic march encompasses a sequence of allergic conditions, including atopic dermatitis, food allergy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma, that frequently develop in a sequential pattern within the same individual. It was introduced as a conceptual framework aimed at elucidating the developmental trajectory of allergic conditions during childhood. Following the introduction of this concept, it was initially believed that the atopic march represented the sole and definitive trajectory of the development of allergic diseases. However, this perspective evolved with the emergence of new longitudinal studies, which revealed that the evolution of allergic diseases is far more intricate. It involves numerous immunological pathological mechanisms and may not align entirely with the traditional concept of the atopic march. The objective of our review is to portray the atopic march alongside other patterns in the development of childhood allergic diseases, with a specific emphasis on the potential for a personalized approach to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of atopic conditions.
Topics: Humans; Multimorbidity; Dermatitis, Atopic; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 38256282
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60010021 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and... Mar 2016
Topics: Asthma; Dermatitis, Atopic; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Male; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 26994619
DOI: No ID Found -
Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2016
Topics: Allergens; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Nasal Mucosa; Nasal Provocation Tests; Rhinitis, Allergic
PubMed: 27665688
DOI: 10.1016/j.bjorl.2016.09.001 -
The Science of the Total Environment Dec 2022We studied home environment exposures in relation to asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis among offspring of participants (parents) in the Respiratory Health...
We studied home environment exposures in relation to asthma, allergic rhinitis and atopic dermatitis among offspring of participants (parents) in the Respiratory Health in Northern Europe (RHINE) study (age ≤ 30 y). Totally 17,881 offspring from Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Estonia were included. Home environment exposures, including dampness and mold, type of dwelling, construction year and indoor painting were registered through a questionnaire answered by parents in the first follow up (RHINE II). The parents reported ten years later with in the frame of RHINE III offspring's birth year and offspring's asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis. They also reported dampness and mold at home from RHINE II to RHINE III. The prevalence of offspring's asthma before 10 y, asthma after 10 y, allergic rhinitis at any age and atopic dermatitis at any age were 9.7 %, 4.3 %, 15.6 % and 17.3 %, respectively. Asthma before 10 y was related to any indoor painting at RHINE II (OR = 1.14, 95%CI (1.02, 1.29)). Asthma after 10 y was associated with dampness/mold at home (OR = 1.33-1.62) and living in the newest buildings (constructed in 1986-2001) (OR = 1.30, 95%CI (1.02, 1.66)). Allergic rhinitis was associated with living in newer buildings (constructed in 1961-2001) (OR = 1.16-1.24). Atopic dermatitis was associated with visible mold (OR = 1.35, 95%CI(1.12, 1.62)), dampness/mold at home (OR = 1.18-1.38), living in apartments (OR = 1.22, 95%CI(1.10, 1.35)) and living in newer buildings (constructed in 1961-2001) (OR = 1.14-1.25). There were dose-response effects of dampness and mold on offspring's asthma after 10 y and atopic dermatitis (20 years exposure vs. 10 years exposure). Older offspring had increased risk of developing asthma after 10 y and atopic dermatitis. In conclusion, home dampness and mold, living in apartments, living in newer buildings and indoor painting were associated with offspring's asthma or allergic diseases. Stronger health effects were found among offspring with prolonged exposure of dampness/mold.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Home Environment; Humidity; Rhinitis, Allergic; Asthma; Fungi; Europe; Risk Factors
PubMed: 36089044
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158609 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Over the past decades, atopic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, increased strongly worldwide, reaching up to 50% in... (Review)
Review
Over the past decades, atopic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, increased strongly worldwide, reaching up to 50% in industrialized countries. These diseases are characterized by a dominating type 2 immune response and reduced numbers of allergen-specific regulatory T (Treg) cells. Conventional allergen-specific immunotherapy is able to tip the balance towards immunoregulation. However, in mouse models of allergy adaptive transfer of Treg cells did not always lead to convincing beneficial results, partially because of limited stability of their regulatory phenotype activity. Besides genetic predisposition, it has become evident that environmental factors like a westernized lifestyle linked to modern sanitized living, the early use of antibiotics, and the consumption of unhealthy foods leads to epithelial barrier defects and dysbiotic microbiota, thereby preventing immune tolerance and favoring the development of allergic diseases. Epigenetic modification of Treg cells has been described as one important mechanism in this context. In this review, we summarize how environmental factors affect the number and function of Treg cells in allergic inflammation and how this knowledge can be exploited in future allergy prevention strategies as well as novel therapeutic approaches.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Desensitization, Immunologic; Inflammation; Mice; Rhinitis, Allergic; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 35720406
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.912529 -
Otolaryngologic Clinics of North America Jun 2011Children with chronic or recurrent upper respiratory inflammatory disease (rhinitis) should be considered for inhalant allergies. Risk factors for inhalant allergies in... (Review)
Review
Children with chronic or recurrent upper respiratory inflammatory disease (rhinitis) should be considered for inhalant allergies. Risk factors for inhalant allergies in children include a first-degree relative with allergies, food allergy in infancy, and atopic dermatitis. Although inhalant allergies are rare in infancy, inhalant allergies are common in older children and impair quality of life and productivity. Differentiating between viral and allergic rhinitis can be challenging in children, but the child's age, history, and risk factors can provide helpful information. Allergic rhinitis is a risk factor for asthma, and if one is present, medical consideration of the other is warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Food Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Respiratory Hypersensitivity; Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial; Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal; Skin Tests
PubMed: 21621062
DOI: 10.1016/j.otc.2011.03.013 -
European Annals of Allergy and Clinical... Mar 2022Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease affecting up to 40% of the general population worldwide. In the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era, many observational... (Review)
Review
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common disease affecting up to 40% of the general population worldwide. In the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic era, many observational studies analysing the effect of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on the risk of developing COVID-19 were conducted, while data on AR are limited.In this paper, we review the risk of developing SARS-Cov-2 infection carried by AR patients, the outcomes of those with COVID-19 disease, and the COVID-19 influence on the allergic and nasal symptoms and the psychological status of AR patients, in both adult and paediatric populations.AR patients seem to be protected from COVID 19 infection. Even if data about the influence of AR on the severity of COVID-19 disease are still not conclusive, it seems that being an AR patient does not increase the risk of poor COVID-19 prognoses. The clinical manifestation of AR can be distinguished by COVID-19 symptoms. Treating AR adequately is also strongly recommended, especially during pandemic.
Topics: Adult; Asthma; COVID-19; Child; Humans; Pandemics; Rhinitis, Allergic; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34503647
DOI: 10.23822/EurAnnACI.1764-1489.234 -
Allergology International : Official... Jan 2023The Practical Guideline for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis, the fist guideline for allergic rhinitis in Japan, was prepared after a symposium held by the Japanese... (Review)
Review
The Practical Guideline for the Management of Allergic Rhinitis, the fist guideline for allergic rhinitis in Japan, was prepared after a symposium held by the Japanese Society of Allergology in 1993. The current 9th edition was published in 2020 and is widely used today. The most recent collection of evidence from the literature was supplemented to the revised guideline to incorporate evidence-based medicine. The revised guideline includes updated epidemiology of allergic rhinitis in Japan, a figure representing the mechanisms of allergic rhinitis in both the onset and sensitization phases with the introduction of regulatory T cells and type 2 innate lymphoid cells, practical assessment for diagnosis, new pharmacotherapy agents such as anti-IgE mAb and a new drug delivery system for antihistamines, sublingual immunotherapy for children, dual sublingual immunotherapy for house dust mites and Japanese cedar pollen extract, new classification for surgery for allergic rhinitis, and treatment and prescriptions for older adults. An evidence-based step-by-step strategy for treatment is also described.
Topics: Child; Animals; Humans; Aged; Immunity, Innate; Lymphocytes; Rhinitis, Allergic; Allergens; Pyroglyphidae
PubMed: 36509676
DOI: 10.1016/j.alit.2022.11.003 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2023Studies examining the association between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and atopic diseases, i.e., atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma have yielded conflicting...
Studies examining the association between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and atopic diseases, i.e., atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis and asthma have yielded conflicting results due to different algorithms for classification, sample size issues and risk of referral bias of exposed cohorts with frequent contact to health care professionals. Using Danish national registries and well-established disease algorithms, we examined the bidirectional association between T1D and atopic diseases in childhood and adolescence using Cox Proportional Hazard regression compared to two different unexposed cohorts from a population of 1.5 million Danish children born from 1997 to 2018. We found no associations between T1D and atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis, or asthma (defined after age five). However, in multivariable analysis we found an increased risk of persistent wheezing (defined as asthma medication before age five) after T1D with an adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of 1.70 [1.17-2.45]. We also identified an increased risk of developing T1D after persistent wheezing with aHR of 1.24 [1.13-1.36]. This study highlights similar risks of atopic diseases in children with T1D and of T1D in children with atopic disease after age of five years versus healthy controls. However, more research is needed to understand the possible early immunological effects of the link between persistent wheezing and T1D.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Humans; Child, Preschool; Dermatitis, Atopic; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Cohort Studies; Respiratory Sounds; Asthma; Rhinitis, Allergic; Denmark
PubMed: 37968327
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47292-5 -
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical... Nov 2023Global warming has direct and indirect effects, as well as short- and long-term impacts on the respiratory and skin barriers. Extreme temperature directly affects the... (Review)
Review
Global warming has direct and indirect effects, as well as short- and long-term impacts on the respiratory and skin barriers. Extreme temperature directly affects the airway epithelial barrier by disrupting the structural proteins and by triggering airway inflammation and hyperreactivity. It enhances tidal volume and respiratory rate by affecting the thermoregulatory system, causing specific airway resistance and reflex bronchoconstriction via activation of bronchopulmonary vagal C fibers and upregulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 and TRPV4. Heat shock proteins are activated under heat stress and contribute to both epithelial barrier dysfunction and airway inflammation. Accordingly, the frequency and severity of allergic rhinitis and asthma have been increasing. Heat activates TRPV3 in keratinocytes, causing the secretion of inflammatory mediators and eventually pruritus. Exposure to air pollutants alters the expression of genes that control skin barrier integrity and triggers an immune response, increasing the incidence and prevalence of atopic dermatitis. There is evidence that extreme temperature, heavy rains and floods, air pollution, and wildfires increase atopic dermatitis flares. In this narrative review, focused on the last 3 years of literature, we explore the effects of global warming on respiratory and skin barrier and their clinical consequences.
Topics: Humans; Dermatitis, Atopic; Global Warming; Respiratory Rate; Rhinitis, Allergic; Inflammation
PubMed: 37689250
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.001