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PloS One 2013T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are key players in allergic asthma, with B-lymphocytes producing antigen-specific immunoglobulins E (IgE). We used a mouse model of...
T-lymphocytes and B-lymphocytes are key players in allergic asthma, with B-lymphocytes producing antigen-specific immunoglobulins E (IgE). We used a mouse model of chemical-induced asthma and transferred B-lymphocytes from sensitized animals into naïve wild type mice, B-lymphocyte knock-out (B-KO) mice or severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. On days 1 and 8, BALB/c mice were dermally sensitized with 0.3% toluene diisocyanate (TDI) (20 µl/ear). On day 15, mice were euthanized and the auricular lymph nodes isolated. B-lymphocytes (CD19(+)) were separated from the whole cell suspension and 175,000 cells were injected in the tail vein of naïve wild type, B-KO or SCID mice. Three days later, the mice received a single oropharyngeal challenge with 0.01% TDI (20 µl) or vehicle (acetone/olive oil (AOO)) (controls). Airway reactivity to methacholine and total and differential cell counts in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were measured 24 hours after challenge. B-lymphocytes of AOO or TDI-sensitized mice were characterized for the expression of surface markers and production of cytokines. We found that transfer of B-cells obtained from mice dermally sensitized to toluene diisocyanate (TDI) into naïve wild type mice, B-KO mice or SCID mice led, within three days, to an acute asthma-like phenotype after an airway challenge with TDI. This response was specific and independent of IgE. These B-lymphocytes showed antigen presenting capacities (CD80/CD86 and CD40) and consisted of B effector (Be)2- (IL-4) and Be1-lymphocytes (IFN-γ). The transferred B-lymphocytes were visualized near large airways, 24 hours after TDI challenge. Thus, B-lymphocytes can provoke an asthmatic response without the action of T-lymphocytes and without major involvement of IgE.
Topics: Animals; Asthma; B-Lymphocyte Subsets; B7-1 Antigen; B7-2 Antigen; Bronchoconstrictor Agents; CD40 Antigens; Disease Models, Animal; Immunoglobulin E; Male; Methacholine Chloride; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Knockout; Mice, SCID; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate
PubMed: 24349469
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083228 -
Acta Medica Lituanica 2023The restoration of auricular cartilage is a major problem of otolaryngology. The low regenerative capacity of cartilage requires alternative approaches such as cell and...
BACKGROUND
The restoration of auricular cartilage is a major problem of otolaryngology. The low regenerative capacity of cartilage requires alternative approaches such as cell and tissue engineering. Stem cells are one of the ways to repair auricular cartilage damages. The aim of the investigation was the regeneration of an artificial defect of the auricular cartilage of rabbits after the intravenous injection of stem cells.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was carried out on rabbits. A narrow strip of auricular cartilage was surgically removed. A previously prepared suspension of homologous mesenchymal stem cells (5 million) in 0.5 ml physiological solution was injected into the vein of the opposite ear. Tissue samples from the site of the injury were collected after 1, 2, and 3 months. Histological examinations of the tissues were carried out after staining with fuchsin-eosin, azure II-eosin, and according to Weigert. In addition, the amount of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) in the blood serum were determined.
RESULTS
The main method of healing is the formation of a connective tissue scar. Yret, an increase of the number of fibroblasts and single islands of the newly formed auricular cartilage was found, which indicates the migration of the injected stem cells to the site of the damage and settling there. The intravenous injection of stem cells did not affect the secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-6, but significantly increased the amount of TGF-β1.
CONCLUSIONS
We assume that regenerative processes were stimulated. Nevertheless, they were aimed at quickly restoring the tissue integrity through the typical stages of scar formation. The restoration of cartilage integrity requires additional regulatory factors which will determine the chondrogenic differentiation of stem cells.
PubMed: 38516521
DOI: 10.15388/Amed.2023.30.2.15 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2022Here, we developed a safe and highly effective nanocarrier using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and oligoarginine peptide (Arg8)-modified dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles...
Here, we developed a safe and highly effective nanocarrier using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and oligoarginine peptide (Arg8)-modified dendrimer-entrapped gold nanoparticles (Au@CD-PAMAM-Arg8), with a diameter of 5 nm, for improved delivery of dexamethasone (Dex) to the inner ear. The properties and distribution of the Au@CD-PAMAM-Arg8 were assessed , and a streptomycin (SM) ototoxicity model was used . Flow cytometry analysis of HEIOC1 cells treated with Au@CD-PAMAM-Arg8 and Au @CD-PAMAM at different time intervals indicated that cell uptake efficiency of the drug delivery carrier Au@CD-PAMAM-Arg8 was higher than that of Au @CD-PAMAM. Au@CD-PAMAM-Arg8 carrying Dex (Au@CD-PAMAM-Arg8/Dex) were mainly distributed in hair cells, the spiral ganglion, lateral wall, and nerve fibers and had stronger protective effects on the inner ear than Dex administration alone. tracer tests revealed that tympanic injection was significantly more effective than posterior ear injection, muscle injection, and tail vein injection, whereas clinical retro-auricular injection could not increase the efficiency of drug delivery into the ear. Electrocochleography results showed that Au@CD-PAMAM-Arg8/Dex significantly improved hearing in C57/BL6 mice after SM exposure. These findings indicate that Au@CD-PAMAM-Arg8 may be the useful drug carriers for the treatment of inner ear diseases.
PubMed: 35480970
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.844177 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... May 2021The temporoparietal fascia (TPF) flap has been successfully used in the treatment of microtia with primary or secondary cases. The literature contains numerous studies...
UNLABELLED
The temporoparietal fascia (TPF) flap has been successfully used in the treatment of microtia with primary or secondary cases. The literature contains numerous studies about its structure and vascular anatomy in adults. However, it is rare to study its vasculature and characteristics in children.
METHODS
From September of 2013 to May of 2020, 188 patients with average age of 9.8 years (range, 5-14 years) underwent total ear reconstruction with costal cartilage in 67 patients (68 ears) or porous polyethylene framework in 121 patients (128 ears) using 196 TPF flaps. The TPF flap was most commonly used in second-stage operations to elevate the reconstructed auricle in the costal cartilage group. Contrastingly, the TPF flap was routinely used in the porous polyethylene framework group. The vascular pattern and characteristics of the TPF flap were evaluated during flap elevation.
RESULTS
Only 140/196 cases (71.4%) showed a typical pattern with the superficial temporal artery and the superficial temporal vein in this study; others (28.6%) were supplied by combinations of the posterior auricular artery or vein, occipital vein, diploic vein, and superficial artery or vein. Meanwhile, there are variants of the STA and posterior origin-superficial temporal artery, which originates posterior to the lobule beneath the cartilage remnant (3/196, 1.5%).
CONCLUSION
Surgeons should inspect the pattern of the TPF flap thoroughly before elevation in children, because of the variety of the vessels and anatomic patterns of TPF.
PubMed: 34881146
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000003573 -
GE Portuguese Journal of... Jan 2023Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to the right atrium without invasion of the inferior vena cava is a very rare and difficult diagnosis, especially when the...
Metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to the right atrium without invasion of the inferior vena cava is a very rare and difficult diagnosis, especially when the primary tumour is yet to be known. A 68-year-old man with symptoms of heart failure was admitted to the emergency department; his transthoracic echocardiogram showed a mass comprehending almost the totality of the right atrium, obliterating its entrance nearly completely and impeding the normal auricular-ventricular flux, described as a possible auricular myxoma. The patient was promptly transferred to cardiothoracic surgery and submitted to an urgent surgery to completely remove the mass, which was macroscopically described as suspected of malignancy. Further investigation demonstrated a single nodule in the liver with malignant imaging characteristics, and the histology confirmed the diagnosis of metastatic HCC of the right atrium, without metastatic disease elsewhere. He was then submitted to radiofrequency ablation and medicated with sorafenib. The disease progressed slowly but subsequently involved the inferior vena cava and portal vein, culminating in his death 4 years and 3 months after the diagnosis. Although the prognosis for metastatic HCC may be poor, especially with intracavitary heart metastasis, this case shows that an aggressive initial approach with surgical metastasectomy may prolong the median survival of the patients.
PubMed: 36743983
DOI: 10.1159/000519545 -
Renal Failure Nov 2019The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by iodine contrast agent injection via the renal artery, ear vein,...
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the severity of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by iodine contrast agent injection via the renal artery, ear vein, and femoral artery in a rabbit model.
METHODS
Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance (MR) scans were performed at 24 h prior to contrast injection and 1, 24, 48, and 72 h after injection. Iodixanol injection dose was 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 g iodine/kg, respectively. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression was determined, and the BOLD-MRI parameter R2* was used to express tissue oxygenation. Increases in R2* levels reflect reductions in tissue oxygenation. Analyses including R2* value, dose response, histology, and HIF-1α were conducted.
RESULT
Injection of 1.0 g iodine/kg into the left renal artery resulted in significant increases in renal R2* values after 24 h. This was equivalent to the change of R2* after 2.0 g iodine/kg femoral artery injection. Renal injury scores and HIF-1α expression scores were significantly increased at 24 h. The R2* values exhibited a positive linear correlation with histological injury scores. The maximum effects occurred 24 h after iodixanol injection and returned to baseline levels within 72 h.
CONCLUSIONS
The renal injury induced by 1.0 g iodine/kg iodixanol through renal artery injection was more significant than that caused by the same dose of femoral artery and auricular vein injection, while similar to that caused by 2.0 g iodine/kg femoral artery injection.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Contrast Media; Disease Models, Animal; Ear Auricle; Femoral Artery; Humans; Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit; Injections, Intra-Arterial; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Oxygen; Rabbits; Renal Artery; Severity of Illness Index; Triiodobenzoic Acids
PubMed: 31057054
DOI: 10.1080/0886022X.2019.1604382 -
Medicine Apr 2021Total ear amputation is a relatively rare trauma with an absolute indication for surgical treatment. Numerous techniques for auricular reconstruction have been... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Total ear amputation is a relatively rare trauma with an absolute indication for surgical treatment. Numerous techniques for auricular reconstruction have been described. When local and general conditions allow microsurgical replantation, this must be the first choice. We propose the association of microsurgical techniques with some modification (modified Baudet technique) to obtain higher survival rate of the reimplanted stump.
METHODS
This study included cases of 3 male patients with total ear amputation, the injuries and their mechanism (workplace accident) being identical. Chief complaints were pain, bleeding, important emotional impact due by an unaesthetic appearance. The established diagnosis was traumatic complete ear amputation (grade IV auricular injury according to Weerda classification). Microsurgical replantation was performed only with arteriorraphy, and no vein anastomosis. Cartilage incisions and skin excisions were made to enlarge the cartilage-recipient site contact area. Medicinal leeches were used to treat venous congestion, to which systemic anticoagulant therapy was added.
RESULTS
The results showed the survival of the entire replanted segment in all cases, with good function and esthetical appearance. Patients were fully satisfied with the final outcome.
CONCLUSION
Microsurgical replantation is the gold standard, for the surgical treatment of total ear amputation. We believe that cartilage incisions and the increased surface of contact between cartilage and recipient site has an adjuvant role in revascularization of the amputated stump (with only arterial anastomosis) and the use of hirudotherapy helps to relieve early venous congestion.
Topics: Amputation, Traumatic; Anastomosis, Surgical; Animals; Arteries; Ear, External; Esthetics; Hirudo medicinalis; Humans; Hyperemia; Leeching; Male; Microsurgery; Middle Aged; Patient Satisfaction; Postoperative Complications; Replantation; Treatment Outcome; Vascular Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 33787638
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000025357 -
Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia :... Jan 2022Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) technique has become the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES
Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) technique has become the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of extended antrum ablation based on electrophysiological substrate mapping plus PVI in AF patients who underwent cryoballoon ablation.
METHODS
In this observational study, a total of 121 paroxysmal AF patients and 80 persistent AF patients who did not achieve the procedure endpoint after cryoballoon ablation received extra extended antrum ablation (EAA) based on electrophysiological substrate mapping via radiofrequency ablation (EAA group). As a control group (PVI group), among paroxysmal AF and persistent AF patients, we conducted a propensity score-matched cohort, in whom only PVI was completed.
RESULTS
The average follow-up time was 15.27±7.34 months. Compared with PVI group, paroxysmal AF patients in the EAA group had a significantly higher rate of AF-free survival (90.1% vs. 80.2%, p=0.027) and AF, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia (AFLAT) -free rate survival (89.3% vs. 79.3%, p=0.031). Persistent AF patients in the EAA group also had a significantly higher rate of AF-free survival (90.0% vs. 75.0%, p=0.016) and AFLAT-free survival (88.8% vs. 75.0%, p=0.029) than PVI group. Complication rates did not significantly differ between both groups, in either paroxysmal AF or persistent AF patients.
CONCLUSION
Our findings demonstrate that extra extended antrum ablation based on electrophysiological substrate mapping is effective and safe. Moreover, the strategy can improve the outcome of AF cryoablation.
PubMed: 36062675
DOI: 10.1016/j.repc.2021.02.014 -
Interventional Neuroradiology : Journal... Sep 2008We reviewed the records of eight patients with a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) close to the hypoglossal canal and determined the angioarchitecture of the clinical...
We reviewed the records of eight patients with a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) close to the hypoglossal canal and determined the angioarchitecture of the clinical entity at the anterior condylar confluence. Eight patients with DAVF received endovascular treatment at our institute over the past five years. Imaging with selective three-dimensional angiography and thin-slice computed tomography were used to identify the fistula and evaluate the drainage pattern. Based on the angiographic findings, the ascending pharyngeal artery was the main feeder in all cases, and the occipital, middle meningeal, posterior auricular, and posterior meningeal arteries also supplied the DAVF to varying degrees. Contralateral contribution was found in five patients. The main drainage route was the external vertebral plexus via the lateral condylar veins in four patients, the inferior petrosal sinus in three patients, and the internal jugular vein via the connecting emissary veins in one patient. Selective angiography identified the shunt point at the anterior condylar confluence close to the anterior condylar vein. Shunt occlusion with transvenous coil packing was performed in all cases; transarterial feeder embolization was also used in three patients. Two patients treated with tight packing of the anterior condylar vein developed temporary or prolonged hypoglossal palsy. Based on our results, the main confluence of the shunt is located at the anterior condylar confluence connecting the anterior condylar vein and multiple channels leading to the extracranial venous systems. To avoid postoperative nerve palsy, the side of the anterior condylar vein in the hypoglossal canal should not be densely packed with coils. Evaluating the angioarchitecture using the selective three-dimensional angiography and tomographic imaging greatly helps to determine the target and strategy of endovascular treatment for these DAVF.
PubMed: 20557728
DOI: 10.1177/159101990801400311 -
International Medical Case Reports... 2016Jugular veins bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart. There are two sets of external and internal veins. The external jugular vein receives the greater...
Jugular veins bring deoxygenated blood from the head back to the heart. There are two sets of external and internal veins. The external jugular vein receives the greater part of the blood from the cranium and the deep parts of the face. It commences from the substance of the parotid gland and runs down the neck at the posterior border of sternocleidomastoideus and ends in the subclavian vein in front of the scalenus anterior. The external jugular vein is covered by the platysma and its upper half runs parallel with the great auricular nerve. There is also another minor jugular vein, the anterior, draining the submaxillary region. In our patient, we recognized a shunt between the external and internal jugular veins. It appeared in the middle of the veins, between the pair of valves, which are placed ~2.5 cm above the termination of the vessel. The anastomosis was fully functional, and there was no problem in the blood pressure of the patient. Moreover, the shunt was not associated with any systemic disease.
PubMed: 27051321
DOI: 10.2147/IMCRJ.S98801