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Journal of Autism and Developmental... Apr 2023The article refers to resources, problems and challenges of autism diagnosis and support system in Poland. The resources include: the increasing number of specialists,...
The article refers to resources, problems and challenges of autism diagnosis and support system in Poland. The resources include: the increasing number of specialists, diagnostic and therapeutic centres, well-established course of education for people working with youths, standardised and normalised diagnostic tools. The diagnostic process is not without some areas in need of our focus: the tendency of some specialists to make unauthorised diagnosis, overshadowing; underestimation of comorbidity of ASD with other disorders. The challenges refer to introducing an effective system of monitoring the services provided in form of certification and control in order to prevent their abuse, initiating category of temporary diagnosis; paying more attention on individual's resources, better cooperation among specialists, teachers and families, developing and unifying diagnostic standards.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Poland; Comorbidity; Educational Status; Autistic Disorder
PubMed: 34345979
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05142-1 -
Autism : the International Journal of... Jan 2021Children with autism spectrum disorder are at increased risk of depression and self-harming behaviours. The question of whether timing of diagnosis of autism spectrum...
Children with autism spectrum disorder are at increased risk of depression and self-harming behaviours. The question of whether timing of diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is associated with these consequences in adolescence has not yet been studied. This exploratory study aimed to explore the association between depression and self-harming behaviour in adolescence and the parent-reported timing of diagnosis for autism spectrum disorder using a large population-based cohort in the United Kingdom. Most of the children with autism spectrum disorder in our study had within-typical-range cognitive ability. We found a linear association between timing of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis and depression and self-harming behaviour in adolescence; later diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder, particularly diagnosis in adolescence, was associated with the increased risk of self-reported depressive symptoms and self-harming behaviour in adolescence among children with autism spectrum disorder. Our findings, albeit observational, suggest that interventions targeting the earlier diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder and approaches to improve person-environment fit may help prevent secondary mental health problems in this population, particularly among those without cognitive delays and those diagnosed late. Further studies replicating across a wider intellectual spectrum and clarifying the underlying mechanism are warranted.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Depression; Humans; Self Report; Self-Injurious Behavior; United Kingdom
PubMed: 32772703
DOI: 10.1177/1362361320945540 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Mar 2015
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Humans; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 25634913
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbu188 -
Autism : the International Journal of... Jan 2018
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomedical Research; Humans; Transition to Adult Care; Young Adult
PubMed: 29369717
DOI: 10.1177/1362361317738646 -
Current Opinion in Neurology Apr 2016Many studies have reported that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have different brain connectivity patterns compared with typically developing... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Many studies have reported that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have different brain connectivity patterns compared with typically developing individuals. However, the results of more recent studies do not unanimously support the traditional view in which individuals with ASD have lower connectivity between distant brain regions and increased connectivity within local brain regions. In this review, we discuss different methods for measuring brain connectivity and how the use of different metrics may contribute to the lack of convergence of investigations of connectivity in ASD.
RECENT FINDINGS
The discrepancy in brain connectivity results across studies may be due to important methodological factors, such as the connectivity measure applied, the age of patients studied, the brain region(s) examined, and the time interval and frequency band(s) in which connectivity was analyzed.
SUMMARY
We conclude that more sophisticated electroencephalography analytic approaches should be utilized to more accurately infer causation and directionality of information transfer between brain regions, which may show dynamic changes of functional connectivity in the brain. Moreover, further investigations of connectivity with respect to behavior and clinical phenotype are needed to probe underlying brain networks implicated in core deficits of ASD.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Brain; Brain Mapping; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neural Pathways
PubMed: 26910484
DOI: 10.1097/WCO.0000000000000301 -
Autism Research : Official Journal of... Sep 2021The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that women with autism have poorer health compared with men with autism, and compared with women...
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that women with autism have poorer health compared with men with autism, and compared with women without autism. Utilizing electronic health records drawn from a single health care system serving over 2 million individuals, 2119 adults with diagnosed autism spectrum disorders were compared with age- and sex-matched controls. When considering health care utilization, we found evidence of multiplicative risk for conditions within some domains (i.e., nutrition conditions, neurologic disease, psychiatric conditions, and sleep disorders) such that women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) experienced double jeopardy-meaning they had greater rates of health care utilization within a domain than what would separately be expected by virtue of being a woman and having ASD. For other domains (i.e., endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disorders), the risk was additive such that being a female and having ASD were both associated with higher health care utilization, but there were no significant interaction effects. It was only with respect to one domain (cardiovascular) that rates of health care utilization were reflective of neither ASD diagnosis nor sex. Overall, our findings suggest that women with ASD are a vulnerable subgroup with high levels of health care utilization. LAY SUMMARY: This study asked whether women with autism have poorer health compared with men with autism, and compared with women without autism. To answer this question, we used data from electronic health records. We found that women with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were at the greatest risk for health problems such as nutrition conditions, neurologic disease, psychiatric conditions, and sleep disorders. More research on health of women with ASD is needed.
Topics: Adult; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Electronic Health Records; Female; Humans; Male; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 34213066
DOI: 10.1002/aur.2563 -
Current Medicinal Chemistry 2024Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for developmental disorders characterized by social and communication impairments, language difficulties, restricted... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term for developmental disorders characterized by social and communication impairments, language difficulties, restricted interests, and repetitive behaviors. Current management approaches for ASD aim to resolve its clinical manifestations based on the type and severity of the disability. Although some medications like risperidone show potential in regulating ASD-associated symptoms, a comprehensive treatment strategy for ASD is yet to be discovered. To date, identifying appropriate therapeutic targets and treatment strategies remains challenging due to the complex pathogenesis associated with ASD. Therefore, a comprehensive approach must be tailored to target the numerous pathogenetic pathways of ASD. From currently viable and basic treatment strategies, this review explores the entire field of advancements in ASD management up to cutting-edge modern scientific research. A novel systematic and personalized treatment approach is suggested, combining the available medications and targeting each symptom accordingly. Herein, summarize and categorize the most appropriate ways of modern ASD management into three distinct categories: current, promising, and prospective strategies.
Topics: Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 37888815
DOI: 10.2174/0109298673252910230920151332 -
Alternative Therapies in Health and... Mar 2024This study aims to review recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD )and provide insights for its clinical management. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to review recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD )and provide insights for its clinical management.
METHODS
The literatures were researched fro the pubmed, Wanfang and CNKI. We searched for research on the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis (screening and evaluation), and treatment of Autism spectrum disorder. When selecting papers to be included, priority should be given to randomized clinical trials, systematic evaluations, meta-analyses, clinical practice guidelines, and articles related to general medical readers.
RESULTS
ASD is a widely present neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by social and communication difficulties, narrow interests, and repetitive behavior, accompanied by symptoms such as irritability, self-harm, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and sleep problems. Irritability, self-harm, ADHD, and sleep problems are common accompanying symptoms that contribute to the challenges faced by individuals with ASD. At present, there is no fully effective treatment method for ASD, and key factors affecting the prognosis of ASD include early diagnosis time, early language communication level, intelligence level, disease severity, comorbidities, family participation, appropriate intervention, and social support. Therefore, early individualized long-term comprehensive training and drug therapy, hyperbaric oxygen therapy, and combined family participation can improve the prognosis of pediatric patients. Before selecting treatment plans for children, collecting as much information as possible about various treatment methods and choosing personalized treatment plans based on the child's developmental assessment level is necessary. In addition, the treatment of ASD is also influenced by factors such as family economic status, parental mentality, and social environment. During the training process, it is important to be family-centered, tolerant, and understand children's behavior.
CONCLUSION
It is significant to take effective treatment measures to improve the quality of life and prognosis of children with autism spectrum disorders.
Topics: Humans; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child
PubMed: 37883758
DOI: No ID Found -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Sep 2018
Review
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Demography; Female; Humans; Israel; Male; Risk Factors
PubMed: 30221873
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicina 2020It has been observed that the stratification of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) generated by the current scales is not effective for the personalization of early... (Review)
Review
It has been observed that the stratification of Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) generated by the current scales is not effective for the personalization of early treatments. The clinical evaluation of ASD requires its consideration as a continuum of deficits, and there is a need to identify biologically significant parameters (biomarkers) that have the power to automatically characterize each individual at different stages of neurological development. The emerging field of computational psychiatry (CP) attempts to meet the needs of precision diagnosis by developing powerful computational and mathematical techniques. A growing scientific activity proposes the use of implicit measures based on biosignals for the classification of ASD. Virtual reality (VR) technologies have demonstrated potential for ASD interventions, but most of the work has used virtual reality for the learning / objective of interventions. Very few studies have used biological signals for recording and detailed analysis of behavioral responses that can be used to monitor or produce changes over time. In this paper the concept of behavioral biomarkers based on VR or VRBB is introduced. VRBB will allow the classification of ASD using a paradigm of computational psychiatry based on implicit brain processes measured through psychophysiological signals and the behavior of subjects exposed to complex replicas of social conditions using virtual reality interfaces.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Biomarkers; Humans; Medical Informatics; Psychiatry; Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
PubMed: 32150710
DOI: No ID Found