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Journal of Attention Disorders Oct 2023ADHD commonly co-occurs with ASD without ID in young people. It has been difficult to obtain accurate prevalence estimates of ADHD in this population, as a... (Review)
Review
The Prevalence of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Symptoms in Children and Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder Without Intellectual Disability: A Systematic Review.
OBJECTIVE
ADHD commonly co-occurs with ASD without ID in young people. It has been difficult to obtain accurate prevalence estimates of ADHD in this population, as a dual-diagnosis was not permitted until DSM-V. We systematically reviewed the literature on the prevalence of ADHD symptoms in young people with ASD without ID.
METHOD
9,050 articles were identified through six databases. Articles were reviewed against inclusion and exclusion criteria and 23 studies were included.
RESULTS
ADHD symptom prevalence varied from 2.6% to 95.5%. We discuss these findings according to the ADHD assessment measure, informant, diagnostic criteria, risk of bias rating and recruitment pool.
CONCLUSION
ADHD symptoms are common in young people with ASD without ID, but there is substantial variance in study reporting. Future studies should recruit participants from community sources, provide information on key sociodemographic sample characteristics and assess ADHD with standardized diagnostic criteria, using both parent/carer and teacher report.
Topics: Humans; Child; Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Intellectual Disability; Prevalence; Parents
PubMed: 37287320
DOI: 10.1177/10870547231177466 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Mar 2022There is increasing concern regarding additional psychiatric problems that co-occur with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as reflected in recent changes to diagnostic...
There is increasing concern regarding additional psychiatric problems that co-occur with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), as reflected in recent changes to diagnostic schemes. However, there remains little research with population-based samples across childhood. We report on additional problems, as measured by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, in a population-based sample of 135 twins with ASD, 55 non-ASD co-twins, and 144 comparison twins low in ASD traits. Frequencies, associated demographic factors, and changes in mental health difficulties from age 4 to 13 years are presented. Our data confirm the high rates of additional difficulties reported in previous studies, and suggest that the profile, associated risk factors and longitudinal course of additional difficulties in ASD may differ from those in typically-developing populations.
Topics: Adolescent; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Child, Preschool; Diseases in Twins; Humans; Mental Health; Phenotype; Twins
PubMed: 33864558
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05006-8 -
Autism : the International Journal of... May 2019Phenotypic elements of autism spectrum disorder can be masked by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, potentially leading to a misdiagnosis or delaying an...
Phenotypic elements of autism spectrum disorder can be masked by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms, potentially leading to a misdiagnosis or delaying an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis. This study explored differences in the age of autism spectrum disorder diagnosis between participants with previously diagnosed attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder versus autism spectrum disorder-only respondents. Children and adolescents, but not adults, initially diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder received an autism spectrum disorder diagnosis an average of 1.8 years later than autism spectrum disorder-only children, although the findings regarding the adult sample should be interpreted with caution. Gender differences were also explored, revealing that the delay in receiving an autism diagnosis was 1.5 years in boys and 2.6 years in girls with pre-existing attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, compared with boys and girls without prior attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. No significant gender differences were observed in the adult sample. We argue that overlapping symptoms between autism spectrum disorder and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder might delay a formal diagnosis of autism either by leading to a misdiagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder or by making it difficult to identify the presence of co-occurring autism spectrum disorder conditions once an initial diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has been obtained. Current findings highlight the need to recruit multidimensional and multidisciplinary screening procedures to assess for potential emerging autism spectrum disorder hallmarks in children and adolescents diagnosed or presenting with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Child, Preschool; Comorbidity; Delayed Diagnosis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; Young Adult
PubMed: 30244604
DOI: 10.1177/1362361318785171 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Aug 2022Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a complex genetic component comprising both frequent polygenic and rare monogenic factors. Research is conducted in methods used to... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have a complex genetic component comprising both frequent polygenic and rare monogenic factors. Research is conducted in methods used to calculate polygenic risk scores, which are not applicable in clinical practice. Advances in genomic technology have identified several monogenic causes, and genetic testing may be offered to persons with ASD where a monogenic etiology is suspected. Herein, we provide an overview of the current knowledge and present the first national recommendation regarding genetic testing in ASD.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Testing; Genomics; Humans
PubMed: 36065862
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Pediatrics Jun 2019
Review
Topics: Ambulatory Care; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Child; Combined Modality Therapy; Hospitalization; Humans; Lead Poisoning
PubMed: 30938166
DOI: 10.1177/0009922819839237 -
Psychiatria Polska Aug 2021This article provides an assessment of the problem of diagnostic errors in autism spectrum disorder. The fact that awareness of autism is on the increase has led to the...
This article provides an assessment of the problem of diagnostic errors in autism spectrum disorder. The fact that awareness of autism is on the increase has led to the emergence of a growing number of specialists, as well as other people professionally involved in education and the care of children, who have been noticing features of autistic disorders in ever-younger children. On the one hand, this is certainly beneficial in that the level of knowledge about the symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is conducive to the identification of children's difficulties; on the other, however, there are concerns that the knowledge possessed by many of those who come into contact with children is often insufficient to diagnose this subtle and changing spectrum of disorders. Neurodevelopmental disorders are especially difficult to assess in small children due to the overlapping symptoms of various disorders. Additionally, periods of intensive development or regression also overlap. Children aged two or three are still too young to exhibit some of the behaviors specific to ASD, and the assessment of speech development and its understanding may be deceptive. The diagnosis of "under observation for possible autism" is often exaggerated. The article presents case studies concerning diagnostic errors in autism spectrum disorder, their consequences and vital conclusions.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Autistic Disorder; Child; Diagnostic Errors; Humans
PubMed: 34994737
DOI: 10.12740/PP/OnlineFirst/111789 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Mar 2019Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent and complex genetic disorder. The complex genetic make-up of ASD has been extensively studied and both common and... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a highly prevalent and complex genetic disorder. The complex genetic make-up of ASD has been extensively studied and both common and rare genetic variants in up to 1000 genes have been linked to increased ASD risk. While these studies highlight the genetic complexity and begin to provide a window for delineating pathways at risk in ASD, the pathogenicity and specific contribution of many mutations to the disorder are poorly understood. Defining the convergent pathways disrupted by this large number of ASD-associated genetic variants will help to understand disease pathogenesis and direct future therapeutic efforts for the groups of patients with distinct etiologies. Here, we review some of the common regulatory pathways including chromatin remodeling, transcription, and alternative splicing that have emerged as common features from genetic and transcriptomic profiling of ASD. For each category, we focus on one gene (CHD8, FOXP1, and RBFOX1) that is significantly linked to ASD and functionally characterized in recent years. Finally, we discuss genetic and transcriptomic overlap between ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Topics: Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Humans
PubMed: 30165121
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.08.017 -
Molecular Autism 2018Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by the concomitant occurrence of impaired social interaction; restricted, perseverative and stereotypical behaviour; and... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is characterised by the concomitant occurrence of impaired social interaction; restricted, perseverative and stereotypical behaviour; and abnormal communication skills. Recent epidemiological studies have reported a dramatic increase in the prevalence of ASD with as many as 1 in every 59 children being diagnosed with ASD. The fact that ASD appears to be principally genetically driven, and may be reversible postnatally, has raised the exciting possibility of using gene therapy as a disease-modifying treatment. Such therapies have already started to seriously impact on human disease and particularly monogenic disorders (e.g. metachromatic leukodystrophy, SMA type 1). In regard to ASD, technical advances in both our capacity to model the disorder in animals and also our ability to deliver genes to the central nervous system (CNS) have led to the first preclinical studies in monogenic ASD, involving both gene replacement and silencing. Furthermore, our increasing awareness and understanding of common dysregulated pathways in ASD have broadened gene therapy's potential scope to include various polygenic ASDs. As this review highlights, despite a number of outstanding challenges, gene therapy has excellent potential to address cognitive dysfunction in ASD.
Topics: Animals; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Genetic Therapy
PubMed: 29951185
DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0222-8 -
Bioscience Trends May 2022Primary care serves as the cornerstone to ensure positive health outcomes for diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has attracted more attention as a lifelong...
Primary care serves as the cornerstone to ensure positive health outcomes for diseases. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has attracted more attention as a lifelong neurodevelopmental disorder with a prevalence that is increasing yearly. Although the demand for primary care for ASD is rapidly expanding, there are many challenges that need to be faced. Here, the current status of primary care for ASD in China is described. i) Identification of and care for ASD includes pre-diagnosis, diagnosis and evaluation, and treatment; the complexity of the disease and the lack of public understanding increase delays in diagnosis and treatment. ii) Most instruments, which are indispensable for diagnosing and evaluating ASD, are of foreign origin. iii) Treatments for ASD are based on mainstream Western interventions with complementary approaches. iv) The scale of rehabilitation and educational institutions has gradually grown and their expertise has gradually increased but rehabilitation costs are relatively high.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; China; Humans; Prevalence; Primary Health Care
PubMed: 35283397
DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01093 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Aug 2022Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 1%. This review summarises new evidence of association between... (Review)
Review
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with a global prevalence of approximately 1%. This review summarises new evidence of association between bipolar disorder (BD) and ASD. The mood episodes of BD can present atypically in people with ASD, potentially leading to misdiagnosis. Anamnesis regarding family history of affective disorders as well as previous mood episode is important among people with ASD to capture the BD diagnosis. Precaution with SSRI-treatment among people with ASD is crucial as the treatment can potentially trigger a mood episode of an underlying BD.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Bipolar Disorder; Humans; Mood Disorders
PubMed: 36065878
DOI: No ID Found