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Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi =... Jul 2010
Review
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Humans; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Sepsis; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 20637164
DOI: No ID Found -
Cardiology in Review 2020Cardiovascular disorders, such as orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension, are common in patients with neurodegenerative synucleinopathies such as Parkinson... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular disorders, such as orthostatic hypotension and supine hypertension, are common in patients with neurodegenerative synucleinopathies such as Parkinson disease (PD), and may also occur in other conditions, such as peripheral neuropathies, that result in autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. Dysfunction and degeneration of the ANS are implicated in the development of orthostatic and postprandial hypotension and impaired thermoregulation. Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (nOH) results from sympathetic failure and is a common autonomic disorder in PD. Supine hypertension may also occur as a result of both sympathetic and parasympathetic dysfunction in conjunction with nOH in the majority of patients with PD. Management of supine hypertension in the setting of nOH can be counterintuitive and challenging. Additionally, the presence of other noncardiovascular comorbidities, such as diabetes mellitus and peripheral edema, may further contribute to the burden of disease. ANS dysfunction thus presents major healthcare implications and challenges for neurology and cardiovascular practices, necessitating an integrated neurology and cardiology management approach.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Parkinson Disease
PubMed: 31764015
DOI: 10.1097/CRD.0000000000000280 -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Sep 2003The ageing process is associated with important changes in the responses of the cardiovascular system to pharmacological stimuli. They are not limited to the arterial... (Review)
Review
The ageing process is associated with important changes in the responses of the cardiovascular system to pharmacological stimuli. They are not limited to the arterial system, involved in the modulation of cardiac afterload and vascular resistance, but they also involve the low-resistance capacitance venous system and the heart. The main changes include loss of large artery compliance, dysfunction of some of the systems modulating resistance vessel tone, increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and reduced haemodynamic responses to inotropic agents. This review focuses on the effects of ageing on arterial and venous reactivity to drugs and hormones, the autonomic nervous system, and the cardiovascular responses to inotropic agents. Some of the age-related changes might be at least partially reversible. This may have important therapeutic implications.
Topics: Aging; Arteries; Autonomic Nervous System; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Compliance; Humans; Renin-Angiotensin System; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vascular Resistance; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation; Veins
PubMed: 12919173
DOI: 10.1046/j.0306-5251.2003.01876.x -
Pediatric Research Mar 2021In premature infants, we investigated whether the duration of extrauterine development influenced autonomic nervous system (ANS) maturation.
BACKGROUND
In premature infants, we investigated whether the duration of extrauterine development influenced autonomic nervous system (ANS) maturation.
METHODS
We performed a longitudinal cohort study of ANS maturation in preterm infants. Eligibility included birth gestational age (GA) < 37 weeks, NICU admission, and expected survival. The cohort was divided into three birth GA groups: Group 1 (≤29 weeks), Group 2 (30-33 weeks), and Group 3 (≥34 weeks). ECG data were recorded weekly and analyzed for sympathetic and parasympathetic tone using heart rate variability (HRV). Quantile regression modeled the slope of ANS maturation among the groups by postnatal age to term-equivalent age (TEA) (≥37 weeks).
RESULTS
One hundred infants, median (Q1-Q3) birth GA of 31.9 (28.7-33.9) weeks, were enrolled: Group 1 (n = 35); Group 2 (n = 40); and Group 3 (n = 25). Earlier birth GA was associated with lower sympathetic and parasympathetic tone. However, the rate of autonomic maturation was similar, and at TEA there was no difference in HRV metrics across the three groups. The majority of infants (91%) did not experience significant neonatal morbidities.
CONCLUSION
Premature infants with low prematurity-related systemic morbidity have maturational trajectories of ANS development that are comparable across a wide range of ex-utero durations regardless of birth GA.
IMPACT
Heart rate variability can evaluate the maturation of the autonomic nervous system. Metrics of both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system show maturation in the premature extrauterine milieu. The autonomic nervous system in preterm infants shows comparable maturation across a wide range of birth gestational ages. Preterm newborns with low medical morbidity have maturation of their autonomic nervous system while in the NICU. Modern NICU advances appear to support autonomic development in the preterm infant.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Electrocardiography; Female; Gestational Age; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Extremely Premature; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Intensive Care, Neonatal; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis
PubMed: 32396923
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-0952-0 -
Autonomic Neuroscience : Basic &... Apr 2007Chloride secretion is important because it is the driving force for fluid movement into the intestinal lumen. The flow of accumulated fluid flushes out invading... (Review)
Review
Chloride secretion is important because it is the driving force for fluid movement into the intestinal lumen. The flow of accumulated fluid flushes out invading micro-organisms in defense of the host. Chloride secretion is regulated by neurons in the submucosal plexus of the enteric nervous system. Mechanosensitive enterochromaffin cells that release 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and activate intrinsic afferent neurons in the submucosal plexus and initiate chloride secretion. Mechanical stimulation by distention may also trigger reflexes by a direct action on intrinsic afferent neurons. Dysregulation of 5-HT release or altered activity of intrinsic afferents is likely to occur in states of inflammation and other disorders.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Chlorides; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Neurons; Serotonin
PubMed: 17336595
DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2007.02.001 -
Clinical Cardiology Jun 2019The cardiac autonomic nerve system (CANS) is a potentially potent modulator of the initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this review, we focus on... (Review)
Review
The cardiac autonomic nerve system (CANS) is a potentially potent modulator of the initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF). In this review, we focus on the relationship between the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and the pathophysiology of AF and the potential benefit and limitations of neuromodulation in the management of this arrhythmia from eight aspects. We conclude that Activation and Remodeling of CANS involved in the initiation and maintenance of AF. The network control mechanism, innervation regions, and sympathetic/parasympathetic balance play an important role in AF substrate. And the formation of Complex Fractional Atrial Electrograms also related to CANS activity. In addition, modulating CANS function by potential therapeutic applications include ganglionated plexus ablation, renal sympathetic denervation, and low-level vagal nerve stimulation, may enable AF to be controlled. Although the role of the ANS has long been recognized, a better understanding of the complex interrelationships of the various components of the CANS will lead to improvement of treatments for this common arrhythmia.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Autonomic Nervous System; Catheter Ablation; Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac; Heart Atria; Heart Conduction System; Humans
PubMed: 31038759
DOI: 10.1002/clc.23190 -
American Journal of Men's Health 2022Little attention has been given to esophageal disorders in diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology of esophageal motility disorders (EMD) in patients with diabetes mellitus...
Little attention has been given to esophageal disorders in diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology of esophageal motility disorders (EMD) in patients with diabetes mellitus is multifactorial. The aims of the present study were: (a) to evaluate the prevalence of EMD in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus and (b) to determine the relationship between EMD and autonomic neuropathy as assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). All the patients completed a questionnaire about diabetes characteristics and gastrointestinal symptoms. Conventional esophageal manometry was performed in all patients. HRV was measured in three different situations (Lying Position 1, standing position, and Lying Position 2). The temporal and frequency domain parameters were considered for analysis. The prevalence of EMD in our patients was 60.5% ( = 23). Low score physical activity was significantly more frequent in patients with EMD ( = .03). There was an increase in sympathetic activity represented by the low frequency (LF) parameter ( = .027) in the presence of EMD. Whereas parasympathetic modulation of heart rate represented by the high frequency (HF) parameter ( = .027) was declined in patients with EMD compared to those without. The LF/HF ratio was significantly higher ( = .002) in patients with EMD. EMD were prevalent in diabetes mellitus and were associated to autonomic nervous system dysfunction predominantly at the parasympathetic component.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Esophageal Motility Disorders; Exercise; Heart Rate; Humans
PubMed: 35562861
DOI: 10.1177/15579883221098588 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Aug 2011Direct visualization of heart-brain interactions is the goal when assessing autonomic nervous system function. Cortical topology relevant to neuroimaging consists of the... (Review)
Review
Direct visualization of heart-brain interactions is the goal when assessing autonomic nervous system function. Cortical topology relevant to neuroimaging consists of the cingulate, insula, and amygdala, all of which share proximity to the basal ganglia. Significant cardiac effects stemming from brain injury are well known, including alteration of cardiac rhythms, cardiac variability, and blood pressure regulation; in some instances, these effects may correlate with neuroimaging, depending on the region of the brain involved. It is difficult to achieve visualization of areas within the brainstem that govern autonomic responses, although investigators have identified brain correlates of autonomic function with the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging and electrocardiographic data obtained simultaneously. The potential utility of brain imaging in sick patients may be limited because of challenges such as the magnetic resonance imaging environment and blunted autonomic responses, but continued investigation is warranted.
Topics: Autonomic Nervous System; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuroimaging; Psychophysiology; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 21972335
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.78.s1.12 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2022We propose a single-lead ECG-based heart rate variability (HRV) analysis algorithm to quantify autonomic nervous system activity during meditation. Respiratory sinus...
We propose a single-lead ECG-based heart rate variability (HRV) analysis algorithm to quantify autonomic nervous system activity during meditation. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) induced by breathing is a dominant component of HRV, but its frequency depends on an individual's breathing speed. To address this RSA issue, we designed a novel HRV tachogram decomposition algorithm and new HRV indices. The proposed method was validated by using a simulation, and applied to our experimental (mindfulness meditation) data and the WESAD open-source data. During meditation, our proposed HRV indices related to vagal and sympathetic tones were significantly increased (p < 0.000005) and decreased (p < 0.000005), respectively. These results were consistent with self-reports and experimental protocols, and identified parasympathetic activation and sympathetic inhibition during meditation. In conclusion, the proposed method successfully assessed autonomic nervous system activity during meditation when respiration influences disrupted classical HRV. The proposed method can be considered a reliable approach to quantify autonomic nervous system activity.
Topics: Humans; Meditation; Autonomic Nervous System; Vagus Nerve; Electrocardiography; Respiration; Arrhythmia, Sinus; Heart Rate
PubMed: 36581715
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27121-x -
American Journal of Physiology.... Jul 2016Interdisciplinary studies in the research fields of endocrinology and immunology show that obesity-associated overnutrition leads to neuroinflammatory molecular changes,... (Review)
Review
Interdisciplinary studies in the research fields of endocrinology and immunology show that obesity-associated overnutrition leads to neuroinflammatory molecular changes, in particular in the hypothalamus, chronically causing various disorders known as elements of metabolic syndrome. In this process, neural or hypothalamic inflammation impairs the neuroendocrine and autonomic regulation of the brain over blood pressure and glucose homeostasis as well as insulin secretion, and elevated sympathetic activation has been appreciated as a critical mediator. This review describes the involved physiology and mechanisms, with a focus on glucose and blood pressure balance, and suggests that neuroinflammation employs the autonomic nervous system to mediate the development of diabetes and hypertension.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Brain; Diabetes Mellitus; Glucose; Homeostasis; Humans; Hypertension; Hypothalamus; Inflammation; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Overnutrition; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 27166279
DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00012.2016