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British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jun 19771 An experiment with hyoscine butylbromide has been used to demonstrate how drug effects differ in intensity and time course after intravenous (20 mg) and subcutaneous...
1 An experiment with hyoscine butylbromide has been used to demonstrate how drug effects differ in intensity and time course after intravenous (20 mg) and subcutaneous (40 mg) injection with and without massage of the injection site. It also demonstrates how objective and subjective observations may be related, and gives students practice in the interpretation of experimental data. 2 The experiment takes about 2 h, and the effects of the drug have worn off completely after about 3 hours. 3 The structure of the discussion of the experiment and its results with the students are described to draw attention to the questions that can be asked of the data. The results obtained with 41 subjects are summarized to illustrate this discussion. 4 Various ways of modifying the experiment to suit other teaching objectives are mentioned. The need to consult the local Ethics Committee before undertaking experiments on students is emphasized.
Topics: Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Massage; Pharmacology; Pulse; Salivation; Scopolamine Derivatives; Teaching; Time Factors
PubMed: 901701
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1977.tb00721.x -
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Apr 2019
Topics: Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Scopolamine
PubMed: 30660674
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.01.004 -
Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Mar 2019
Topics: Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Scopolamine
PubMed: 30496789
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.11.018 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2011Marketing authorization holders do not disclose any information on the pharmaceutical properties of over-the-counter drugs (OTC). When a drug is switched from a... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Marketing authorization holders do not disclose any information on the pharmaceutical properties of over-the-counter drugs (OTC). When a drug is switched from a prescription drug to OTC, pharmacists can acquire that information from the corresponding ethical drug (ED) through the package insert, interview form, and so on. However, the pharmaceutical equivalence between ED and OTC is unclear. In this study, we examined the drug dissolution behavior of both ED and OTCs containing scopolamine butylbromide. Dissolution tests were performed by the paddle method using Japanese Pharmacopeia (JP) XV test fluids at pH 1.2, 4.0 and 6.8 and water based on the guidelines for bioequivalence studies of generic products. The dissolution profiles of OTCs differed significantly from ED showing a similarity factor (f2) value ranging from 8.9 to 42.9. Time until 85% dissolution ranged from 23 to 95 min and from 17 to 174 min at pH 1.2 and pH 6.8, respectively. Then JP XV disintegration tests were conducted to investigate differences in the disintegration process. The disintegration time of preparations showing delayed dissolution was prolonged compared to that of others, suggesting that the disintegration of the tablet or capsule is one of the important factors affecting the drug dissolution. These differences in the disintegration and drug dissolution might cause differences in the bioavailability of the drug. For patient safety, more detailed product information of OTCs should be supplied by the manufacturer, and not be assumed from that of corresponding ED.
Topics: Biological Availability; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Drug Substitution; Nonprescription Drugs; Patient Safety; Prescription Drugs; Solubility; Therapeutic Equivalency; Water
PubMed: 22041704
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.131.1645 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Sep 1975
Topics: Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Reflex; Reflex, Oculocardiac; Scopolamine Derivatives; Strabismus
PubMed: 1203241
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.59.9.525 -
The Journal of Pain Jul 2005It is believed that mechanical stimuli of the human gut activate afferents responding to either noxious or normal, physiologic stimuli. They might be able to sensitize...
UNLABELLED
It is believed that mechanical stimuli of the human gut activate afferents responding to either noxious or normal, physiologic stimuli. They might be able to sensitize without relation to the contractile state of the smooth muscle. The current study aimed to verify the above characteristics by using a statistical model based on correlation analysis. The esophagus was distended with a bag in 32 healthy subjects by using an inflation rate of 25 mL/min. The luminal cross-sectional areas and sensory ratings were determined during the distentions. The stimuli were repeated after relaxation of the smooth muscle with butylscopolamine and after sensitization with hydrochloride acid. A positive correlation between the sensory responses to distention was found in the non-painful and painful ranges, respectively, but correlations between non-painful and painful ratings were nonsignificant. Relaxation of the smooth muscle did not influence the correlations, and sensitization resulted in inter-individual differences and disappearance of the above clustering into painful and non-painful correlations. In conclusion, afferent nerves encoding high-threshold and low-threshold mechanical stimuli of the human esophagus are not correlated and thus probably represent different populations. The response characteristics have no physiologic relationship to the contractile state of the smooth muscle, and sensitization affects all types of afferents.
PERSPECTIVES
The article adds information about sensory processing of mechanical gut stimuli in human beings. This might increase our understanding of visceral pain in health and disease and guide the statistical analysis of experimental data obtained in the gastrointestinal tract.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adult; Afferent Pathways; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Esophagus; Female; Humans; Hydrochloric Acid; Male; Mechanoreceptors; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Muscarinic Antagonists; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Physical Stimulation; Sensory Thresholds; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 15993824
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2005.02.008 -
International Journal of Reproductive... Nov 2016Unripe cervix prevents entering the endometrial cavity during intrauterine procedures. Mechanical dilatation of cervical canal might cause undesirable complications.
BACKGROUND
Unripe cervix prevents entering the endometrial cavity during intrauterine procedures. Mechanical dilatation of cervical canal might cause undesirable complications.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the substitute of mechanical intervention with chemical treatment by administering hyoscine to patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty non-pregnant women, 20-70 years of age, with a closed cervix who were scheduled for an intrauterine procedure, were randomly divided into two groups. Group A as experimental (received two doses of hyoscine) and group B, as control group (received two doses of vitamin B6) in the vagina (8 hrs and 2 hrs before procedure) and the effect of these two drugs on dilatation and consistency of cervix were studied.
RESULTS
Statistics resulted from Mann-Whitney U test (p=0.027) and (p=0.002) indicated that in premenopausal women, the priming effect of hyoscine on dilatation and consistency of uterine cervix was significant, but there were no significant benefits from giving vaginal hyoscine to menopausal women preoperatively (p=0.603).
CONCLUSION
Hyoscine proved a good choice for inducing cervical priming before intrauterine procedures in premenopausal women.
PubMed: 27981257
DOI: No ID Found -
European Radiology Jun 2009The aim of this prospective study was to compare the intraindividual aperistaltic effect of 40 mg hyoscine N-butylbromide (HBB/Buscopan) with that of 1 mg glucagon on... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The aim of this prospective study was to compare the intraindividual aperistaltic effect of 40 mg hyoscine N-butylbromide (HBB/Buscopan) with that of 1 mg glucagon on small bowel motility by using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ten healthy volunteers underwent two separate 1.5-T MRI studies (HBB/glucagon) after a standardized oral preparation with an aqueous solution of Gd-DOTA and ispaghula (Metamucil). A 2D T1-w GRE sequence was acquired (TR 2.7 ms/TE 1.3 ms, temporal resolution 0.25 s) before and after intravenous (i.v.) drug administration and motility was followed over 1 h. On the resulting images the cross-sectional luminal diameters were assessed and plotted over time. Baseline motility frequency, onset of aperistalsis, duration of arrest, reappearance of motility and return to normal motility were analysed. Significant differences regarding reliability and duration of aperistalsis were observed. In the HBB group aperistalsis lasted a mean of 6.8 +/- 5.3 min compared with 18.3 +/- 7 min after glucagon (p < 0.0001). In 50% of cases HBB did not accomplish aperistalsis, whereas glucagon always succeeded (p = 0.05). There were no significant differences in terms of baseline and end frequencies for the onset of aperistalsis (22.2 +/- 37.5 s HBB/13.4 +/- 9.2 s glucagon, p = 0.1), nor for the return to normal motility. Arrest of small bowel motion is achieved more reliably and lasts significantly longer after i.v. administration of 1 mg glucagon compared with 40 mg HBB.
Topics: Adult; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Contrast Media; Female; Glucagon; Humans; Image Enhancement; Intestine, Small; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Parasympatholytics; Peristalsis; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 19190916
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-008-1293-2 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jan 2002Glucagon inhibits digestive motility and is used for endoscopic premedication; however, its effect on cardiopulmonary function during endoscopy has not yet been fully... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial Comparative Study Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Glucagon inhibits digestive motility and is used for endoscopic premedication; however, its effect on cardiopulmonary function during endoscopy has not yet been fully investigated.
AIM
To clarify the efficacy and safety of glucagon compared with butyl scopolamine bromide as upper gastrointestinal endoscopy premedication.
METHODS
Two hundred and forty consecutive patients over 40 years of age, referred for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, without any complications, were studied. These patients were randomly premedicated with butyl scopolamine bromide (SC group) or glucagon (G group). Time course changes in blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, heart rate and the number of retching episodes during endoscopy were examined. The efficacy of glucose tablets after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to prevent hypoglycaemia caused by glucagon was evaluated. Cardiopulmonary parameters were also examined in 77 complicated patients with glucagon premedication (GC group).
RESULTS
A continuous increase in heart rate during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was observed in the SC group, but not in the G and GC groups. Blood pressure, arterial oxygen saturation and number of retching episodes were not different between the groups. Hypoglycaemia-related symptoms were frequent in the G group without glucose tablets, but were prevented by the administration of glucose.
CONCLUSIONS
Glucagon has a weaker effect on cardiopulmonary function during upper gastrointestinal endoscopy than butyl scopolamine bromide. Glucose administration prevents hypoglycaemia-related symptoms caused by glucagon.
Topics: Aged; Blood Pressure; Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Gastrointestinal Motility; Glucagon; Glucose; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Male; Oxygen; Parasympatholytics; Prospective Studies; Vomiting
PubMed: 11856085
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01148.x -
British Medical Journal Mar 1979
Topics: Butylscopolammonium Bromide; Colonic Diseases, Functional; Intestinal Absorption; Scopolamine Derivatives
PubMed: 435769
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.6165.752-b