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Journal of the American Academy of... May 1995The purpose of this review is to conceptualize child abuse and neglect within a developmental psychopathology perspective. Toward this end, issues of definition and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this review is to conceptualize child abuse and neglect within a developmental psychopathology perspective. Toward this end, issues of definition and epidemiology, etiology, and sequelae are addressed.
METHOD
Research and theory on child abuse and neglect with relevance to a developmental perspective is reviewed.
RESULTS
Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of the etiology and consequences of child abuse and neglect. Less progress has been made in utilizing this knowledge to inform treatment efforts.
CONCLUSIONS
Incorporation of a developmental psychopathology perspective into efforts to understand and ameliorate the adverse effects of child abuse and neglect holds considerable promise for advancing research and intervention in the area of child maltreatment. The importance of providing comprehensive and coordinated services that incorporate knowledge of how maltreated youngsters negotiate stage-salient issues of development is stressed. The provision of child-focused treatment, parent-based models of intervention, and ecologically driven approaches to prevention all can benefit from an understanding of the adverse effects that maltreatment exerts on the process of development.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Affect; Child Abuse; Child Behavior Disorders; Child, Preschool; Ego; Humans; Infant; Interpersonal Relations; Object Attachment; Schools; United States
PubMed: 7775351
DOI: 10.1097/00004583-199505000-00008 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Aug 2013To discuss the consequences of abuse on childhood behavioural development, to highlight some behavioural clues that might alert physicians to ongoing child abuse, and to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To discuss the consequences of abuse on childhood behavioural development, to highlight some behavioural clues that might alert physicians to ongoing child abuse, and to explore the specific role of the family physician in this clinical situation.
SOURCES OF INFORMATION
A systematic search was used to review relevant research, clinical review articles, and child protection agency websites.
MAIN MESSAGE
A child's behaviour is an outward manifestation of inner stability and security. It is a lens through which the family physician can observe the development of the child throughout his or her life. All types of abuse are damaging to children-physically, emotionally, and psychologically-and can cause long-term difficulties with behaviour and mental health development. Family physicians need to be aware of and alert to the indicators of child abuse and neglect so that appropriate interventions can be provided to improve outcomes for those children.
CONCLUSION
Child abuse might cause disordered psychological development and behaviour problems. Family physicians have an important role in recognizing behaviour clues that suggest child abuse and in providing help to protect children.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adolescent Development; Child; Child Abuse; Child Behavior; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Family Practice; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 23946022
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatrics Nov 2017Poor and minority children with injuries concerning for abuse are evaluated and diagnosed for abuse differentially. We hypothesized that 2 steps in the decision-making...
BACKGROUND
Poor and minority children with injuries concerning for abuse are evaluated and diagnosed for abuse differentially. We hypothesized that 2 steps in the decision-making process would influence evaluation and diagnosis: social intuition from meeting the family and objective social information associated with child abuse risk.
METHODS
Between 2009 and 2013, 32 child abuse pediatricians (CAPs) submitted 730 child abuse consultations including original medical evaluations and diagnoses. CAPs evaluated and diagnosed each other's cases. Comparisons of evaluations and diagnoses were made by levels of social understanding available to the CAP: meeting the family (social intuition and information), reading the case (social information), and reading the case without social information. Evaluations were compared with a consensus gold standard by using logistic regression modeling adjusting for child and CAP characteristics. Diagnostic categories were compared by level of social understanding and diagnostic certainty by using contingency tables.
RESULTS
CAPs without access to social intuition were approximately twice as likely to perform gold standard evaluations for neurotrauma and long bone fracture compared with CAPs who met families. Diagnostic agreement fell from 73.3% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70.1%-76.5%) when social information was present to 66.5% (95% CI: 63.1%-70.0%) when social information was restricted. In cases with less certainty, agreement dropped to 51.3% (95% CI: 46.0%-56.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
Social intuition and information play a role in the physical child abuse decision-making process, which may contribute to differential diagnosis. Simple interventions including decision tools, check lists, and peer review may structure evaluations to ensure children's equal treatment.
Topics: Child; Child Abuse; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Intuition; Male; Pediatricians; Physician-Patient Relations; Poverty; Referral and Consultation; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29074609
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2017-1188 -
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 2021
Topics: Child; Child Abuse; Child Abuse, Sexual; Humans; India
PubMed: 34380802
DOI: 10.4103/jpgm.JPGM_264_21 -
Child Abuse & Neglect Jun 2021The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to risk factors for child abuse and neglect and disrupted conventional abuse surveillance.
BACKGROUND
The COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to risk factors for child abuse and neglect and disrupted conventional abuse surveillance.
OBJECTIVE
The goal of this study was to assess how counts of criminal charges have been affected by COVID-19 social distancing measures and related policy changes.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
This study used publicly available court filings pertaining to child abuse and neglect from Jan 1, 2010 to June 30, 2020.
METHODS
Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) algorithms were constructed with case data from January 2010 to January 2020 to forecast trends in criminal charges for February to June 2020. These forecasted values were then compared to actual charges filed for this time period.
RESULTS
Criminal cases filed between February and June 2020, had an overall 25.7 percent lower average than forecasted. All individual months had progressively lower cases than forecasted with the exception of March. June had the largest deviation from forecasted with 60.1 percent fewer cases than predicted.
CONCLUSIONS
Although risk factors for child abuse have increased due to COVID-19, these findings demonstrate a declining trend in child abuse charges. Rather than a decreasing incidence of child abuse and neglect, it is more likely that less cases are being reported. The results warrant immediate action and further investigation in order to address the dangers this pandemic poses for children in abusive situations.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Biobehavioral Sciences; COVID-19; Child; Child Abuse; Filing; Forecasting; Humans; Oklahoma; Pandemics; Physical Distancing; Risk Factors; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33298325
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104863 -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Oct 2023
Topics: Child; Humans; Pandemics; Child Abuse
PubMed: 37535954
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2023-10134.eng -
Praxis 2022Violence and Abuse in Competitive Sports Violence and abuse in competitive sports, such as physical and emotional abuse, physical and emotional neglect and sexual...
Violence and Abuse in Competitive Sports Violence and abuse in competitive sports, such as physical and emotional abuse, physical and emotional neglect and sexual abuse, affect children, adolescents and adults alike and lead to severe physical, psychological and social consequences. In current medical and educational care concepts of athletes, there is a lack of consistent integration of sports/psychiatric, clinical psychological and psychotherapeutic, developmental pediatric and developmental psychological expertise. Problem areas arise from fine lines between harassment, non-physical and physical violence. The present position paper includes recommendations for the development of a concept for the protection of mental health in competitive sports and for coping with mental stress and psychological disorders by qualified medical experts in mental health, i.e., child, adolescent and adult psychiatrists with specific expertise in competitive sports: sports psychiatrists. According to the recommendations, experts should also have and further develop competence in other fields, especially in ethics, child protection, protection against violence and abuse in competitive sports, awareness of and dealing with transgression of boundaries, knowledge about child development, and transparency in training structures and relationships.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Athletes; Child; Child Abuse; Humans; Mental Health; Sports; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 35291866
DOI: 10.1024/1661-8157/a003851 -
Child Maltreatment Feb 2024Child abuse and neglect (CAN) medical experts provide specialized multidisciplinary care to children when there is concern for maltreatment. Their clinical notes contain...
Child abuse and neglect (CAN) medical experts provide specialized multidisciplinary care to children when there is concern for maltreatment. Their clinical notes contain valuable information on child- and family-level factors, clinical concerns, and service placements that may inform the needed supports for the family. We created and implemented a coding system for data abstraction from these notes. Participants were 1,397 children ages 0-17 years referred for a consultation with a CAN medical provider at an urban teaching and research hospital between March 2013 and December 2017. Coding themes were developed using an interdisciplinary team-based approach to qualitative analysis, and descriptive results are presented using a developmental-contextual framework. This study demonstrates the potential value of developing a coding system to assess characteristics and patterns from CAN medical provider notes, which could be helpful in improving quality of care and prevention and detection of child abuse.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child Abuse; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 36265843
DOI: 10.1177/10775595221134537 -
Child Abuse & Neglect Jun 2023Studies show considerable variability in the definitions and operationalization of child maltreatment (CM), which limits research, policy formation, surveillance, and... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Studies show considerable variability in the definitions and operationalization of child maltreatment (CM), which limits research, policy formation, surveillance, and cross-country and cross-sector comparisons.
OBJECTIVE
To review the recent literature (2011-2021) to understand current issues and challenges in defining CM, to assist in the planning, testing and implementing of CM conceptualizations.
METHODS
We searched eight international databases. Articles were included if the substantive content was related to issues, challenges, and debates in defining CM, and the article was an original study, review, commentary, report, or guideline. The review followed methodological guidance for the conduct of scoping reviews and was reported in accordance with the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Four experts in CM conducted a thematic analysis to summarize findings. Methodological rigor of the included studies was not formally assessed.
RESULTS
We identified 7372 potentially relevant articles; 55 full-text studies were assessed for eligibility, 25 satisfied the inclusion criteria. We identified three themes: 1) strategies to define CM, including the integration of child and victim perspectives; 2) difficulties in defining specific CM types; and 3) real-world implications for research, prevention and policy.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite longstanding concerns, challenges regarding the definitions of CM persist. A small minority of studies have tested and implemented CM definitions and operationalizations in practice. The findings will inform international multi-sectoral processes to develop uniform definitions of CM, for example by highlighting the need to acknowledge challenges in defining some CM types and emphasizing the importance of considering the perspectives of children and CM survivors.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child Abuse; Policy Making; Research Design
PubMed: 37030235
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106187 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Mar 2015The literature has been contradictory regarding whether parents who were abused as children have a greater tendency to abuse their own children. A prospective 30-year...
The literature has been contradictory regarding whether parents who were abused as children have a greater tendency to abuse their own children. A prospective 30-year follow-up study interviewed individuals with documented histories of childhood abuse and neglect and matched comparisons and a subset of their children. The study assessed maltreatment based on child protective service (CPS) agency records and reports by parents, nonparents, and offspring. The extent of the intergenerational transmission of abuse and neglect depended in large part on the source of the information used. Individuals with histories of childhood abuse and neglect have higher rates of being reported to CPS for child maltreatment but do not self-report more physical and sexual abuse than matched comparisons. Offspring of parents with histories of childhood abuse and neglect are more likely to report sexual abuse and neglect and that CPS was concerned about them at some point in their lives. The strongest evidence for the intergenerational transmission of maltreatment indicates that offspring are at risk for childhood neglect and sexual abuse, but detection or surveillance bias may account for the greater likelihood of CPS reports.
Topics: Bias; Child; Child Abuse; Child Abuse, Sexual; Child Welfare; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Parents; Probability; Prospective Studies; Self Report; Young Adult
PubMed: 25814584
DOI: 10.1126/science.1259917