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Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta.... Apr 2022Autophagy is a vital cellular mechanism that controls the removal of damaged or dysfunctional cellular components. Autophagy allows the degradation and recycling of... (Review)
Review
Autophagy is a vital cellular mechanism that controls the removal of damaged or dysfunctional cellular components. Autophagy allows the degradation and recycling of damaged proteins and organelles into their basic constituents of amino acids and fatty acids for cellular energy production. Under basal conditions, autophagy is essential for the maintenance of cell homeostasis and function. However, during cell stress, excessive activation of autophagy can be destructive and lead to cell death. Autophagy plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular system and helps to maintain normal cardiac function. During ischemia- reperfusion, autophagy can be adaptive or maladaptive depending on the timing and extent of activation. In this review, we highlight the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways that underlie autophagy in response to cardiac stress and therapeutic approaches to modulate autophagy by pharmacological interventions. Finally, we also discuss the intersection between autophagy and circadian regulation in the heart. Understanding the mechanisms that underlie autophagy following cardiac injury can be translated to clinical cardiology use toward improved patient treatment and outcomes.
Topics: Autophagy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Circadian Rhythm; Humans; Mitochondria; Myocardium; Polyphenols; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 35065229
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166354 -
Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology Jun 2022Timing is everything. Many organisms across the tree of life have evolved timekeeping mechanisms that regulate numerous of their cellular functions to optimize timing by... (Review)
Review
Timing is everything. Many organisms across the tree of life have evolved timekeeping mechanisms that regulate numerous of their cellular functions to optimize timing by anticipating changes in the environment. The specific environmental changes that are sensed depends on the organism. For animals, plants, and free-living microbes, environmental cues include light/dark cycles, daily temperature fluctuations, among others. In contrast, for a microbe that is never free-living, its rhythmic environment is its host's rhythmic biology. Here, we describe recent research on the interactions between hosts and microbes, from the perspective both of symbiosis as well as infections. In addition to describing the biology of the microbes, we focus specifically on how circadian clocks modulate these host-microbe interactions.
Topics: Animals; Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Communicable Diseases; Host Microbial Interactions; Symbiosis
PubMed: 34625370
DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.09.004 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been the main category of metabolic diseases in recent years due to changes in lifestyle and environmental conditions such as diet... (Review)
Review
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has been the main category of metabolic diseases in recent years due to changes in lifestyle and environmental conditions such as diet and physical activity. On the other hand, the circadian rhythm is one of the most significant biological pathways in humans and other mammals, which is affected by light, sleep, and human activity. However, this cycle is controlled via complicated cellular pathways with feedback loops. It is widely known that changes in the circadian rhythm can alter some metabolic pathways of body cells and could affect the treatment process, particularly for metabolic diseases like T2DM. The aim of this study is to explore the importance of the circadian rhythm in the occurrence of T2DM via reviewing the metabolic pathways involved, their relationship with the circadian rhythm from two perspectives, lifestyle and molecular pathways, and their effect on T2DM pathophysiology. These impacts have been demonstrated in a variety of studies and led to the development of approaches such as time-restricted feeding, chronotherapy (time-specific therapies), and circadian molecule stabilizers.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Circadian Rhythm; Sleep; Chronotherapy; Mammals
PubMed: 37441501
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1156757 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... May 2011Many people spend an increasing amount of time in front of computer screens equipped with light-emitting diodes (LED) with a short wavelength (blue range). Thus we...
Many people spend an increasing amount of time in front of computer screens equipped with light-emitting diodes (LED) with a short wavelength (blue range). Thus we investigated the repercussions on melatonin (a marker of the circadian clock), alertness, and cognitive performance levels in 13 young male volunteers under controlled laboratory conditions in a balanced crossover design. A 5-h evening exposure to a white LED-backlit screen with more than twice as much 464 nm light emission {irradiance of 0,241 Watt/(steradian × m(2)) [W/(sr × m(2))], 2.1 × 10(13) photons/(cm(2) × s), in the wavelength range of 454 and 474 nm} than a white non-LED-backlit screen [irradiance of 0,099 W/(sr × m(2)), 0.7 × 10(13) photons/(cm(2) × s), in the wavelength range of 454 and 474 nm] elicited a significant suppression of the evening rise in endogenous melatonin and subjective as well as objective sleepiness, as indexed by a reduced incidence of slow eye movements and EEG low-frequency activity (1-7 Hz) in frontal brain regions. Concomitantly, sustained attention, as determined by the GO/NOGO task; working memory/attention, as assessed by "explicit timing"; and declarative memory performance in a word-learning paradigm were significantly enhanced in the LED-backlit screen compared with the non-LED condition. Screen quality and visual comfort were rated the same in both screen conditions, whereas the non-LED screen tended to be considered brighter. Our data indicate that the spectral profile of light emitted by computer screens impacts on circadian physiology, alertness, and cognitive performance levels. The challenge will be to design a computer screen with a spectral profile that can be individually programmed to add timed, essential light information to the circadian system in humans.
Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Cognition; Computer Terminals; Humans; Light; Lighting; Male; Photic Stimulation; Radiation Dosage; Semiconductors; Task Performance and Analysis; Young Adult
PubMed: 21415172
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00165.2011 -
BioMed Research International 2014
Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm
PubMed: 25028652
DOI: 10.1155/2014/436760 -
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism:... Dec 2023A thorough understanding of the mechanisms controlling energy homeostasis is needed to prevent and treat metabolic morbidities. While the contribution of organs such as... (Review)
Review
A thorough understanding of the mechanisms controlling energy homeostasis is needed to prevent and treat metabolic morbidities. While the contribution of organs such as the liver, muscle, adipose tissue, and pancreas to the regulation of energy has received wide attention, less is known about the interplay with the nervous system. Here, we highlight the role of the nervous systems in regulating metabolism beyond the classic hypothalamic endocrine signaling models and discuss the contribution of circadian rhythms, higher brain regions, and sociodemographic variables in the energy equation. We infer that interdisciplinary approaches are key to conceptually advancing the current research frontier and devising innovative therapies to prevent and treat metabolic disease.
Topics: Humans; Circadian Rhythm; Adipose Tissue; Homeostasis; Hypothalamus; Brain; Energy Metabolism
PubMed: 37716877
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.014 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022A circadian rhythm is an internalized timing system that synchronizes the cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes of organisms to the Earth's rotation. Because... (Review)
Review
A circadian rhythm is an internalized timing system that synchronizes the cellular, behavioral, and physiological processes of organisms to the Earth's rotation. Because all physiological activities occur at a specific time, circadian rhythm disturbances can lead to various pathological disorders and diseases. Growing evidence has shown that the circadian clock is tightly connected to male fertility, and circadian perturbations contribute to infertility. The night shiftwork, insufficient sleep, and poor sleep quality are common causes of circadian disturbances, and many studies have reported that they impair sperm quality and increase the risk of male infertility. However, research on the impacts of light, body temperature, and circadian/circannual rhythms is relatively lacking, although some correlations have been demonstrated. Moreover, as the index of sperm quality was diverse and study designs were non-uniform, the conclusions were temporarily inconsistent and underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A better understanding of whether and how circadian disturbances regulate male fertility will be meaningful, as more scientific work schedules and rational lifestyles might help improve infertility.
Topics: Male; Humans; Circadian Rhythm; Semen; Circadian Clocks; Infertility; Fertility
PubMed: 36277693
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1001316 -
Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao.... Oct 2022Studies have demonstrated that the occurrence of a variety of arrhythmias presents an obvious circadian rhythm,which may be regulated by circadian rhythm genes.Circadian... (Review)
Review
Studies have demonstrated that the occurrence of a variety of arrhythmias presents an obvious circadian rhythm,which may be regulated by circadian rhythm genes.Circadian cycle and light stimulation can affect circadian rhythm genes and proteins,which constitute a transcription-translation loop that can regulate the ion channels in myocardial cell membrane through nervous-humoral regulation and changes in central clock-sub-clock gene expression,thereby modulating arrhythmia.This article reviews the molecular basis,mechanism,and performance of circadian rhythm in regulating arrhythmia.
Topics: Humans; Circadian Rhythm; Myocytes, Cardiac; Arrhythmias, Cardiac
PubMed: 36325792
DOI: 10.3881/j.issn.1000.503X.14205 -
Genomics Jan 2022Diurnal oscillations in gene expression are a hallmark of the liver internal clock and can be regulated by a variety of environmental stimuli. The circadian rhythm and...
Diurnal oscillations in gene expression are a hallmark of the liver internal clock and can be regulated by a variety of environmental stimuli. The circadian rhythm and liver regeneration (LR) are intimately linked. However, how they affect each other at the transcriptomic level is mainly unknown. Here, we revealed that partial hepatectomy (PHx)-induced LR led to reprogramming of rhythmic gene expression profiles as a consequence of disrupted BMAL1 occupation on the chromatin, while the rhythm of core clock genes remained robust. Furthermore, we demonstrated retarded LR when PHx was carried out in the evening, possibly due to the accumulation of DEC1. In summary, our data offer a broad perspective of the relationship between circadian rhythm and LR and suggest that the timing of PHx should be considered in the clinic application.
Topics: Circadian Rhythm; Liver; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34822968
DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.023 -
Biomolecules Jul 2023The circadian clock adapts to the light-dark cycle and autonomously generates physiological and metabolic rhythmicity. Its activity depends on the central... (Review)
Review
The circadian clock adapts to the light-dark cycle and autonomously generates physiological and metabolic rhythmicity. Its activity depends on the central suprachiasmatic pacemaker. However, it also has an independent function in peripheral tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skin, which integrate environmental signals and energy homeostasis. Hair follicles (HFs) maintain homeostasis through the HF cycle, which depends heavily on HF stem cell self-renewal and the related metabolic reprogramming. Studies have shown that circadian clock dysregulation in HFs perturbs cell cycle progression. Moreover, there is increasing evidence that the circadian clock exerts a significant influence on glucose metabolism, feeding/fasting, stem cell differentiation, and senescence. This suggests that circadian metabolic crosstalk plays an essential role in regulating HF regeneration. An improved understanding of the role of the circadian clock in HFs may facilitate the discovery of new drug targets for hair loss. Therefore, the present review provides a discussion of the relationship between the circadian clock and HF regeneration, mainly from the perspective of HF metabolism, and summarizes the current understanding of the mechanisms by which HFs function.
Topics: Circadian Clocks; Circadian Rhythm; Hair Follicle; Skin; Fasting
PubMed: 37509104
DOI: 10.3390/biom13071068