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Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2023Hand eczema (HE) is a highly prevalent, recurrent, and multifactorial disease. It encompasses a group of eczematous diseases that affect the hands, etiologically... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Hand eczema (HE) is a highly prevalent, recurrent, and multifactorial disease. It encompasses a group of eczematous diseases that affect the hands, etiologically classified into irritant contact dermatitis (ICD), allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Few epidemiological studies in Latin America have investigated the characteristics of patients with this condition and the origin of the disease.
OBJECTIVES
To analyze the profile of patients diagnosed with HE submitted to patch tests aiming to determine its etiology.
METHODS
A retrospective descriptive study was carried out on epidemiological data and patch tests of patients with HE treated at a tertiary hospital in the city of São Paulo from January 2013 to December 2020.
RESULTS
A total of 173 patients were studied, whose final diagnosis was 61.8% of ICD, 23.1% of ACD and 5.2% of AD, with diagnostic overlap in 42.8% of the cases. The main positive and relevant patch tests were: Kathon CG (42%), nickel sulfate (33%), and thiuram mix (18%).
STUDY LIMITATIONS
The number of treated cases and socioeconomic profile was limited to a vulnerable population group.
CONCLUSION
HE is a diagnosis in which overlapping etiologies are frequent, with the main sensitizers identified in ACD being Kathon CG, nickel sulfate and thiuram mix.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Thiram; Patch Tests; Brazil; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Eczema; Dermatitis, Atopic; Dermatitis, Irritant; Allergens
PubMed: 36870887
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2022.02.007 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2012Topical corticosteroids and sunscreens are extensively used formulations, both as over-the-counter products and as prescription medicines. Topical corticosteroids are... (Review)
Review
Topical corticosteroids and sunscreens are extensively used formulations, both as over-the-counter products and as prescription medicines. Topical corticosteroids are increasingly being recognized as causes of allergic contact dermatitis. Because of their anti-inflammatory property, contact allergy to these agents may be difficult to suspect and prove. With corticosteroid allergy, there are special issues in patch testing that need to be considered: Screening tests need to be done with budesonide and tixocortol pivalate, and delayed readings are essential to pick up all positive cases. Preventive advice needs to be tailored according to the structural and chemical peculiarities of a particular molecule. Sunscreen allergy is a significant part of cosmetic allergy; especially in cases of photoallergic reactions. Each passing decade is bringing forth new allergens in this class. In many countries, benzophenones have recently been replaced by octocrylene as the leading causes of contact dermatitis to sunscreens. This article provides a broad overview of corticosteroid and sunscreen allergy so that the readers are aware of these important emerging classes of allergens.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Cross Reactions; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Patch Tests; Sunscreening Agents
PubMed: 22960810
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.100520 -
Pharmacological Reports : PR 2013Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction mediated by hapten-specific T cells. Many cell types, inflammatory mediators and cytokines are... (Review)
Review
Allergic contact dermatitis is a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction mediated by hapten-specific T cells. Many cell types, inflammatory mediators and cytokines are involved in this reaction. Contact hypersensitivity is a self-limited reaction and can be regulated at different levels. Because it is known that disturbances in the immune system underpin the onset of depression and that antidepressant drugs have immunomodulatory effects, it can be hypothesized that antidepressants may have some efficacy in the treatment of contact hypersensitivity. There are some reports on the effectiveness of antidepressants in the inhibition of cutaneous sensitization in mice, and the aim of this narrative review is to assess the evidence for the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs in reducing the recurrence of contact hypersensitivity reactions.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans
PubMed: 24553016
DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71529-9 -
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology Sep 2022Permanent hair dye is the most commonly used anti-aging procedure used by both men and women. However, permanent hair dye can cause irritant contact dermatitis due to...
BACKGROUND
Permanent hair dye is the most commonly used anti-aging procedure used by both men and women. However, permanent hair dye can cause irritant contact dermatitis due to ammonia and allergic contact dermatitis due to paraphylenediamine (PPD).
METHODS
This research examined an ammonia-free and PPD-free permanent hair dye in 50 ethnically diverse females 21-91 years of age who were current users of permanent hair dyes. Subjects were patch tested prior to dyeing. Two dye sessions were undertaken at baseline and 2-6 weeks post-baseline depending on the dyeing habits of the subject.
RESULTS
50/50 subjects successfully completed the study with no incidence of allergic or irritant contact dermatitis. After 2 dyeing procedures, the dermatologists rated an 87% improvement in hair shine, 90% improvement in hair color, 88% improvement in hair moisturization, 87% improvement in hair porosity, and 88% improvement in hair combability.
CONCLUSIONS
A MEA-based ammonia-free cream hair color without PPD or resorcinol was safe for use on the hair and scalp of females with diverse hair types and textures.
Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Irritant; Female; Hair; Hair Dyes; Humans; Irritants; Male; Patch Tests; Phenylenediamines; Resorcinols
PubMed: 35790071
DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15212 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Dec 2022The occurrence of skin lesions in healthcare workers is associated with a negative impact on important skin functions, including protection from mechanical injuries,... (Review)
Review
The occurrence of skin lesions in healthcare workers is associated with a negative impact on important skin functions, including protection from mechanical injuries, sunlight, dehydration, and penetration of chemical substances or pathogenic microorganisms. In healthcare professionals, the most common occupational skin disease is contact dermatitis (CD), either irritant (ICD) or allergic (ACD), and typically on the hands. ICD accounts for about 80% of occupational CD, making it the most frequent cause. According to the literature, CD frequency is higher among healthcare professionals than other occupations, with critical occupational risk factors including contact with irritants and allergens at the workplace. Furthermore, ICD is a multifactorial disorder influenced by many constituent and environmental factors. Constituent factors include age, gender, body location, atopy, and genetic factors, while environmental factors include temperature, airflow, humidity, and occlusion. Commonly encountered irritants are water, detergents and surfactants, solvents, oxidizing agents, acids, and alkalis; however, use of protective gloves or equipment, hand-washing habits, use of cleansers and creams, active inflammatory skin diseases, and daily activities are also important for ICD onset. Additionally, ICD is known to predispose to ACD. Important risk factors for ACD development include occupation, age, history of atopic dermatitis, genetics, female gender, and fair skin phototype. In summary, numerous skin features and other occupation-related factors contribute to CD among healthcare practitioners. Given the high level of exposure to contact irritants/allergens in the healthcare setting, implementation of preventive measures is crucial for a safer work environment.
Topics: Humans; Female; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Irritants; Dermatitis, Irritant; Skin; Dermatitis, Occupational; Allergens; Health Personnel
PubMed: 37868173
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2022.61.04.16 -
Immunology and Allergy Clinics of North... Aug 2021This article reviews the laboratory's role in identifying causes of chemical-induced allergic dermatitis. Several topics will be discussed. Allergen hazard... (Review)
Review
This article reviews the laboratory's role in identifying causes of chemical-induced allergic dermatitis. Several topics will be discussed. Allergen hazard identification refers to testing of chemicals for their sensitization potential. Animal-based, in silico, in chemico, and in vitro tests have been developed to identify the skin sensitization hazard of potential chemical allergens, but only a few of these are accepted by regulatory agencies. Laboratory investigations have also evaluated the stability of several commercially available allergic contact dermatitis patch tests. Such studies are considered product testing and are usually conducted in analytical chemistry laboratories.
Topics: Allergens; Animals; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Humans; Laboratories; Patch Tests; Skin
PubMed: 34225898
DOI: 10.1016/j.iac.2021.04.003 -
Poultry Science Apr 2022In this study, the mobility, incidence, and severity of contact dermatitis and litter moisture content were assessed in 14 strains of broiler chickens differing in...
In this study, the mobility, incidence, and severity of contact dermatitis and litter moisture content were assessed in 14 strains of broiler chickens differing in growth rate. The strains encompassed 2 conventional (CONV; ADG > 60 g/d) and 12 slower growing (SG) strains categorized as FAST (ADG = 53-55 g/d), MOD (ADG = 50-51 g/d), and SLOW (ADG < 50 g/d), with 4 strains in each category. A total of 7,216 mixed-sex birds were equally allocated into 164 pens (44 birds/pen; 30 kg/m) in a randomized incomplete block design, with each strain represented in 8 to 12 pens over 2-3 trials. From each pen, 4 to 6 birds were tested in the latency-to-lie (LTL) and group obstacle tests 1 wk prior to the birds reaching 2 target weights (TWs) of approximately 2.1 kg (TW1: 34 d for CONV and 48 d for SG strains) and 3.2 kg (TW2: 48 d for CONV and 62 d for SG strains). The incidence of footpad dermatitis (FPD) and hock burns (HB) were evaluated a day prior to each TW. Litter moisture content was determined biweekly from d 14 to d 56. At TW1, CONV and SLOW had longer LTL than FAST birds. At TW2, CONV, MOD, and FAST birds had similar LTL. At both TWs, CONV birds were lighter than FAST birds in the group obstacle test, yet their number of obstacle crossings was similar. At TW1, CONV birds had greater incidence of FPD than FAST and MOD, while at TW2, CONV birds had greater incidence than the other categories. The incidence of HB in CONV and MOD was greater than SLOW birds at TW1, while at TW2, the incidence of HB was greater in CONV and FAST birds vs. MOD and SLOW birds. Litter moisture content was high in all categories from d 28 onward. Our results indicate that both BW and growth rate influence leg strength and walking ability, whereas the overall high litter moisture content and to a lesser extent growth rate influenced the incidence of contact dermatitis.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Dermatitis, Contact; Diet; Incidence; Poultry Diseases; Walking
PubMed: 35245808
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101768 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas May 2023Shellac is a known allergen present mainly in cosmetics used on the eyelids and lips, although new sources of exposure have recently been described. Our objective was to...
INTRODUCTION
Shellac is a known allergen present mainly in cosmetics used on the eyelids and lips, although new sources of exposure have recently been described. Our objective was to assess the use of shellac as a contact allergen in Spain and the clinical profile of patients allergic to shellac.
METHODS
This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients patch tested for shellac between 2018 and 2021 from the Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC).
RESULTS
A total of 980 patients were patch tested for shellac (20% in ethanol), and 37 (3.77%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.58-3.97%) showed positive results. Most of these patients were tested for shellac due to a suspicion of cosmetic contact dermatitis. Seven patients with present relevance were found, five with relation to cosmetics, and the other two with an occupational background of food handling. The reaction index for shellac was 0.51 and the positivity ratio was 67.56% (95% CI, 52.48-82.65%).
CONCLUSIONS
Shellac appears to be a prevalent allergen in patients with suspected contact dermatitis related with cosmetics or foodstuff. However, further studies are needed to validate its use in other patients.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies; Patch Tests; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Allergens; Dermatitis, Atopic; Cosmetics
PubMed: 37030561
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.04.010 -
Actas Dermo-sifiliograficas May 2023Shellac is a known allergen present mainly in cosmetics used on the eyelids and lips, although new sources of exposure have recently been described. Our objective was to...
INTRODUCTION
Shellac is a known allergen present mainly in cosmetics used on the eyelids and lips, although new sources of exposure have recently been described. Our objective was to assess the use of shellac as a contact allergen in Spain and the clinical profile of patients allergic to shellac.
METHODS
This retrospective cross-sectional study included patients patch tested for shellac between 2018 and 2021 from the Spanish Registry of Contact Dermatitis and Cutaneous Allergy (REIDAC).
RESULTS
A total of 980 patients were patch tested for shellac (20% in ethanol), and 37 (3.77%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.58-3.97%) showed positive results. Most of these patients were tested for shellac due to a suspicion of cosmetic contact dermatitis. Seven patients with present relevance were found, five with relation to cosmetics, and the other two with an occupational background of food handling. The reaction index for shellac was 0.51 and the positivity ratio was 67.56% (95% CI, 52.48-82.65%).
CONCLUSIONS
Shellac appears to be a prevalent allergen in patients with suspected contact dermatitis related with cosmetics or foodstuff. However, further studies are needed to validate its use in other patients.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Retrospective Studies; Patch Tests; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Allergens; Dermatitis, Atopic; Cosmetics
PubMed: 36828274
DOI: 10.1016/j.ad.2023.02.004 -
British Medical Journal Jan 1956
Topics: Clothing; Coloring Agents; Dermatitis; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Nylons
PubMed: 13276654
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.4959.147