-
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2021: Development of hepatitis-B is considered a serious complication after liver transplantation. HBV de novo infection is a rather rare phenomenon, however it deserves...
: Development of hepatitis-B is considered a serious complication after liver transplantation. HBV de novo infection is a rather rare phenomenon, however it deserves attention in the era of donor organ shortage. The aim of the present analysis was to examine its course in liver transplant patients. : Prevalence of de novo HBV-infections was extracted from our local transplant data base. Analysis focused on the moment of HBV-detection and on the long-term follow-up in terms of biochemical and histological changes over 30 years. : 46 patients were identified with the diagnosis of de novo hepatitis B. Median time from liver transplantation to diagnosis was 397 days (7-5505). 39 patients received antiviral therapy. No fibrosis progression could be detected, whereas the grade of inflammation significantly lessened from the moment of HBV detection to the end of histological follow-up over a median of 4344 days (range 123-9490). Patients with a poor virological control demonstrated a significantly poorer overall survival. : De novo hepatitis B in liver transplant patients is a condition that can be controlled very well without significant fibrosis progression or graft loss if recognized on time within a regular transplant follow-up schedule.
Topics: Follow-Up Studies; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Liver Transplantation; Retrospective Studies; Transplants
PubMed: 34440973
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57080767 -
Cell Regeneration (London, England) Jan 2023De novo organ regeneration is the process in which adventitious roots or shoots regenerate from detached or wounded organs. De novo organ regeneration can occur either... (Review)
Review
De novo organ regeneration is the process in which adventitious roots or shoots regenerate from detached or wounded organs. De novo organ regeneration can occur either in natural conditions, e.g. adventitious root regeneration from the wounded sites of detached leaves or stems, or in in-vitro tissue culture, e.g. organ regeneration from callus. In this review, we summarize recent advances in research on the molecular mechanism of de novo organ regeneration, focusing on the role of the WUSCHEL-RELATED HOMEOBOX11 (WOX11) gene in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. WOX11 is a direct target of the auxin signaling pathway, and it is expressed in, and regulates the establishment of, the founder cell during de novo root regeneration and callus formation. WOX11 activates the expression of its target genes to initiate root and callus primordia. Therefore, WOX11 links upstream auxin signaling to downstream cell fate transition during regeneration. We also discuss the role of WOX11 in diverse species and its evolution in plants.
PubMed: 36596978
DOI: 10.1186/s13619-022-00140-9 -
Annual Review of Biochemistry Jun 2022Over the past fifteen years, we have unveiled a new mechanism by which cells achieve greater efficiency in de novo purine biosynthesis. This mechanism relies on the... (Review)
Review
Over the past fifteen years, we have unveiled a new mechanism by which cells achieve greater efficiency in de novo purine biosynthesis. This mechanism relies on the compartmentalization of de novo purine biosynthetic enzymes into a dynamic complex called the purinosome. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of the purinosome with emphasis on its biophysical properties and function and on the cellular mechanisms that regulate its assembly. We propose a model for functional purinosomes in which they consist of at least ten enzymes that localize near mitochondria and carry out de novo purine biosynthesis by metabolic channeling. We conclude by discussing challenges and opportunities associated with studying the purinosome and analogous metabolons.
Topics: Animals; Mammals; Mitochondria; Purines
PubMed: 35320684
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-032620-105728 -
Research and Reports in Urology 2021Pubovaginal sling is an efficient and safe procedure for stress urinary incontinence without the complications of synthetic sling. Urine retention and de novo urgency...
INTRODUCTION
Pubovaginal sling is an efficient and safe procedure for stress urinary incontinence without the complications of synthetic sling. Urine retention and de novo urgency are bothersome aftermath of this procedure. We aim to identify potential risk factors for de novo urgency after autologous pubovaginal sling.
METHODS
From 2013 to 2016, 347 patients underwent autologous pubovaginal sling. Age, BMI, pelvic irradiation, use of anticholinergic medication, previous vaginal related surgical histories, "over-tight" technique, and concomitant surgeries were examined for potential risk factors. De novo urgency/urge incontinence was defined as treatment (medication, botulinum toxin injection, sacral neuromodulation) for urge postoperatively and was not noted before surgery. Chi-square and fisher's exact tests were used as statistical analysis.
RESULTS
A total of 109 patients underwent autologous rectus fascia pubovaginal sling, after excluding status post urethral diverticulectomy, concomitant diverticulectomy, and concomitant abdominal surgery. Twenty-three (21.1%) patients were treated for de novo urge/urge incontinence, 18 (78.2%) with anticholinergic, 4 (17.3%) with botox injection and 2 (8.69%) with sacral neuromodulation. None but prior pelvic organ prolapse surgery was associated with developing de novo urge/urge incontinence (p=0.026).
DISCUSSION
Patients with prior pelvic organ prolapse surgery were more likely to be at risk of de novo urgency after autologous pubovaginal sling. This study provided more information for preoperative consultation for patients undergoing incontinence surgery.
PubMed: 34422706
DOI: 10.2147/RRU.S321955 -
The Journal of Urology Mar 2022After radical prostatectomy (RP), clinical complaints of new onset storage symptoms may be related to anastomotic strictures or may accommodate for stress urinary...
PURPOSE
After radical prostatectomy (RP), clinical complaints of new onset storage symptoms may be related to anastomotic strictures or may accommodate for stress urinary incontinence; however, a subgroup of men will experience storage symptoms in the absence of stricture or stress urinary incontinence. As therapies for overactive bladder have improved, we sought to assess the prevalence, natural history and risk factors of storage dysfunction in continent men.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed urinary symptom questionnaires completed by patients who were continent prior to RP and did not have postoperative anastomotic strictures at our institution from 2002 to 2019. storage dysfunction, assessed as new onset or worsening urgency or frequency, was assessed at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after RP, and association between it and patient and preoperative factors was determined.
RESULTS
A total of 2,619 patients were included in the final analysis. An initial 34% of patients reported storage symptoms at 6 months, which decreased to 26% at later followup. We found evidence that minimally invasive surgery and nonWhite race were associated with reporting worsening symptoms. The association between postoperative hematoma and worsening symptoms was less conclusive but was of clear clinical relevance (OR 3.15; 95% CI 1.04, 9.54; p=0.042).
CONCLUSIONS
A significant number of RP patients experience storage symptoms. Patients who underwent minimally invasive surgery are at higher risk. At-risk patients should be counseled on the incidence of storage symptoms and offered early treatment per overactive bladder guidelines.
Topics: Hematoma; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Nocturia; Postoperative Complications; Prostatectomy; Prostatic Neoplasms; Retrospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Urinary Bladder, Overactive
PubMed: 34694923
DOI: 10.1097/JU.0000000000002312 -
Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine 2021Extra-pulmonary vein triggers can play a significant role in atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. We explored the characteristics of the...
Extra-pulmonary vein triggers can play a significant role in atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation. We explored the characteristics of the extra-pulmonary vein (PV) triggers in and repeat atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation (AFCA). We included 2,118 patients who underwent a AFCA (women 27.6%, 59.2 ± 10.9 years old, paroxysmal AF 65.9%) and 227 of them conducted repeat procedures. All included patients underwent isoproterenol provocation tests at the end of the procedure, and then we analyzed extra-PV triggers-related factors. Extra-PV triggers were documented in 11.7% of patients undergoing AFCA (1.22 ± 0.46 foci per patient) and 28.6% undergoing repeat AFCA (1.49 ± 0.73 foci per patient). Older age and higher LA volume index in procedures and women, diabetes, and higher parasympathetic nerve activity (heart rate variability) in repeat-AFCA were independently associated with the existence of extra-PV triggers. The septum (19.9%), coronary sinus (14.7%), and superior vena cava (11.2%) were common extra-PV foci. Among 46 patients who were newly found to have mappable extra-PV triggers upon repeat procedures, 15 (32.6%) matched with the previous focal or empirical extra-PV ablation sites. The rate of AF recurrence was significantly higher in patients with extra-PV triggers than in those without after (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.54-2.38, < 0.001) and repeat procedures (HR 2.68, 95% CI 1.63-4.42, < 0.001). Extra-PV triggers were commonly found in AF patients with significant remodeling and previous empirical extra-PV ablation. The existence of extra-PV triggers was independently associated with poorer rhythm outcomes after the and repeat AFCA.
PubMed: 34805314
DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.759967 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2022Embryonic-to-neonatal development in chicken is characterized by high rates of lipid oxidation in the late-term embryonic liver and high rates of lipogenesis in the...
Embryonic-to-neonatal development in chicken is characterized by high rates of lipid oxidation in the late-term embryonic liver and high rates of lipogenesis in the neonatal liver. This rapid remodeling of hepatic mitochondrial and cytoplasmic networks occurs without symptoms of hepatocellular stress. Our objective was to characterize the metabolic phenotype of the embryonic and neonatal liver and explore whether these metabolic signatures are preserved in primary cultured hepatocytes. Plasma and liver metabolites were profiled using mass spectrometry based metabolomics on embryonic day 18 (ed18) and neonatal day 3 (nd3). Hepatocytes from ed18 and nd3 were isolated and cultured, and treated with insulin, glucagon, growth hormone and corticosterone to define hormonal responsiveness and determine their impacts on mitochondrial metabolism and lipogenesis. Metabolic profiling illustrated the clear transition from the embryonic liver relying on lipid oxidation to the neonatal liver upregulating lipogenesis. This metabolic phenotype was conserved in the isolated hepatocytes from the embryos and the neonates. Cultured hepatocytes from the neonatal liver also maintained a robust response to insulin and glucagon, as evidenced by their contradictory effects on lipid oxidation and lipogenesis. In summary, primary hepatocytes from the embryonic and neonatal chicken could be a valuable tool to investigate mechanisms regulating hepatic mitochondrial metabolism and lipogenesis.
PubMed: 35530509
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.870451 -
Annals of Translational Medicine May 2021With the exponential increase of worldwide obesity, the number of bariatric surgery (BaS) procedures have equally risen. The surgical management of obesity has been... (Review)
Review
With the exponential increase of worldwide obesity, the number of bariatric surgery (BaS) procedures have equally risen. The surgical management of obesity has been widely established as the standard of care for sustained weight reduction, resolution, and improvement of associated comorbidities. However, BaS itself can have postoperative deleterious effects, including gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and upper gastrointestinal motility disorders. The modified anatomy resulting from BaS, due to either a restrictive or hypoabsorptive component, gives this disorder a multifactorial etiology. The overall management of GERD should focus on three primordial approaches: Non-surgical, endoluminal, and surgical. Even in the absence of GERD following primary or secondary BaS, said disorder should be closely monitored and therapy should be catered in a case-by-case approach. Consequently, treatment strategies have been developed on this principle as to adequately resolve GERD. Despite the presence of multiple and suitable treatment modalities, the operating surgeon should perform them in the best interest of the patient. Short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes should be taken into consideration prior to proceed with any type of preferred management option. This article herein presents an update on the surgical management of GERD following BaS and current practical innovations.
PubMed: 34164533
DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5890 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022To examine the production time, type, and MFI of post-transplantation HLA antibodies, and their effects on haplo-HSCT outcomes, we retrospectively included 116 patients...
To examine the production time, type, and MFI of post-transplantation HLA antibodies, and their effects on haplo-HSCT outcomes, we retrospectively included 116 patients who were negative for pre-existing HLA antibodies. In total, 322 serum samples from pre-transplantation to post-transplantation were dynamically tested by Luminex and single-antigen bead reagents. Patients were divided into: HLA antibody persistently negative group (group 1), the HLA antibody transiently positive group (group 2), the HLA antibody non-persistently positive group (group 3), and the HLA antibody persistently positive group (group 4). Group 4 included DSA+non-DSA (NDSA) (group 4a) and NDSA (group 4b) groups. The detection rate of HLA antibodies was 75.9% (88/116). The median MFI for HLA antibodies was 2439 (1033-20162). The incidence of II-IV aGvHD was higher in group 2 than in group 1 (52.6% vs 17.9%, P < 0.01); in group 4a than in group 1 (87.5% vs 17.9%, P < 0.001); and in group 4a than in group 4b (87.5% vs 40.0%, P = 0.001). The DFS (37.5% vs 85.7%, P < 0.01) and OS (37.5% vs 85.7%, P < 0.01) of group 4a were lower than those of group 1. The DFS (48.0% vs 85.7%, P < 0.01) and OS (56.0% vs 85.7%, P = 0.03) of group 4b were lower than those of group 1. Multivariate analysis showed that HLA antibody being transiently positive (HR: 5.30; 95% CI: 1.71-16.42, P = 0.01) and persistently positive (HR: 5.67; 95% CI: 2.00-16.08, P < 0.01) were both associated with a higher incidence of II-IV aGvHD. Persistently positive HLA antibodies were a risk factor for reduced DFS (HR: 6.57; 95% CI: 2.08-20.70, P < 0.01) and OS (HR: 5.51; 95% CI: 1.73-17.53, P < 0.01). DSA and NDSA can be detected since 15 days after haplo-HSCT in patients without pre-existing HLA antibodies, and affect aGvHD, DFS, and OS. Haplo-HSCT patients must be monitored for HLA antibodies changes for appropriate preventive clinical management, and we recommend that 1-month post-transplantation is the best test time point.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Hematologic Neoplasms; Antibodies; Risk Factors; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 36532004
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1047200 -
Frontiers in Genetics 2023Intellectual disability (ID) is defined by cognitive and social adaptation defects. Variants in the gene, which encodes the brain-specific cytoplasmic protein SYNGAP1,...
Intellectual disability (ID) is defined by cognitive and social adaptation defects. Variants in the gene, which encodes the brain-specific cytoplasmic protein SYNGAP1, are commonly associated with ID. The aim of this study was to identify novel gene variants in Chinese individuals with ID and evaluate the pathogenicity of the detected variants. Whole exome sequencing (WES) was performed on 113 patients diagnosed with ID. In the study, two variants in were identified. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm these variants. Minigene assays were used to verify whether the intronic variant in influenced the normal splicing of mRNA. Two heterozygous pathogenic variants in c.333del and c.664-2A>G, were identified in two ID patients separately. The c.333del variant has been reported previously as a finding in a child with ID, while the c.664-2A>G variant was novel intronic variant, which has not been reported in the literature. Functional studies showed that c.664-2A>G could cause aberrant splicing, resulting in exon 7 skipping and a 16bp deletion within exon 7. We identified two pathogenic heterozygous variants in in two patients with ID, among which the c.664-2A>G variant was a novel pathogenic variant. Our findings further enrich the variant spectrum of the gene and provide a research basis for the genetic diagnosis of ID.
PubMed: 37928246
DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1270175