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Computational Intelligence and... 2015Our study aims to contrast the neural temporal features of early stage of decision making in the context of risk and ambiguity. In monetary gambles under ambiguous or...
Our study aims to contrast the neural temporal features of early stage of decision making in the context of risk and ambiguity. In monetary gambles under ambiguous or risky conditions, 12 participants were asked to make a decision to bet or not, with the event-related potentials (ERPs) recorded meantime. The proportion of choosing to bet in ambiguous condition was significantly lower than that in risky condition. An ERP component identified as P300 was found. The P300 amplitude elicited in risky condition was significantly larger than that in ambiguous condition. The lower bet rate in ambiguous condition and the smaller P300 amplitude elicited by ambiguous stimuli revealed that people showed much more aversion in the ambiguous condition than in the risky condition. The ERP results may suggest that decision making under ambiguity occupies higher working memory and recalls more past experience while decision making under risk mainly mobilizes attentional resources to calculate current information. These findings extended the current understanding of underlying mechanism for early assessment stage of decision making and explored the difference between the decision making under risk and ambiguity.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Decision Making; Electroencephalography; Electrooculography; Event-Related Potentials, P300; Female; Games, Experimental; Humans; Male; Reaction Time; Risk-Taking; Uncertainty; Young Adult
PubMed: 26539213
DOI: 10.1155/2015/108417 -
Mixed methods analysis of hospice staff perceptions and shared decision making practices in hospice.Supportive Care in Cancer : Official... Mar 2022Shared decision making has been a long-standing practice in oncology and, despite a lack of research on the subject, is a central part of the philosophical foundation of...
PURPOSE
Shared decision making has been a long-standing practice in oncology and, despite a lack of research on the subject, is a central part of the philosophical foundation of hospice. This mixed methods study examined the perceptions of staff regarding shared decision making and their use of shared decision elements in hospice interdisciplinary team meetings.
METHODS
The revised Leeds Attitude to Concordance scale (LatConII) was used to measure the attitudes of hospice staff toward shared decision making. Field notes and transcripts of hospice interdisciplinary team meetings that included family caregivers as participants were coded to identify 9 theory-driven shared decision making elements. The results were mixed in a matrix analysis comparing attitudes with practice. Three transcripts demonstrate the variance in the shared decision making process between hospice teams.
RESULTS
Hospice staff reported overall positive views on shared decision making; however, these views differed depending on participants' age and position. The extent to which staff views were aligned with the observed use of shared decision making elements in hospice interdisciplinary team meetings varied.
CONCLUSION
Policy and practice conditions can make shared decision making challenging during hospice interdisciplinary team meetings despite support for the process by staff.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
This study is a sub-study of a parent study registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02929108).
Topics: Caregivers; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Hospice Care; Hospices; Humans
PubMed: 34825279
DOI: 10.1007/s00520-021-06631-w -
Journal of Vision Aug 2018Perceptual systems adapt to their inputs. As a result, prolonged exposure to particular stimuli alters judgments about subsequent stimuli. This phenomenon is commonly...
Perceptual systems adapt to their inputs. As a result, prolonged exposure to particular stimuli alters judgments about subsequent stimuli. This phenomenon is commonly assumed to be sensory in origin. Changes in the decision-making process, however, may also be a component of adaptation. Here, we quantify sensory and decision-making contributions to adaptation in a facial expression paradigm. As expected, exposure to happy or sad expressions shifts the psychometric function toward the adaptor. More surprisingly, response times show both an overall decline and an asymmetry, with faster responses opposite the adapting category, implicating a substantial change in the decision-making process. Specifically, we infer that sensory changes from adaptation are accompanied by changes in how much sensory information is accumulated for the two choices. We speculate that adaptation influences implicit expectations about the stimuli one will encounter, causing modifications in the decision-making process as part of a normative response to a change in context.
Topics: Adaptation, Ocular; Adolescent; Adult; Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Facial Expression; Female; Humans; Judgment; Male; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Reaction Time; Sensory Receptor Cells; Young Adult
PubMed: 30140892
DOI: 10.1167/18.8.10 -
American Journal of Surgery Apr 2023With the COVID19 pandemic, use of telehealth has expanded rapidly in subspecialties with limited prior telehealth experience. While telehealth offers many opportunities... (Review)
Review
With the COVID19 pandemic, use of telehealth has expanded rapidly in subspecialties with limited prior telehealth experience. While telehealth offers many opportunities to improve patient convenience, access, and comfort, the virtual platform poses unique challenges for shared decision making. In this review article, we describe what occurs within a standard in-person breast surgery consult and propose a model for an ideal virtual breast surgery consult, including strategies to foster patient engagement and shared decision making. Our model incorporates pre-visit preparation, deliberate pauses, and targeted engagement as ways to encourage patients to integrate information and actively participate in treatment decisions. Intentional strategies such as these must be adopted to improve shared decision making on the virtual platform.
Topics: Humans; Female; Breast Neoplasms; Decision Making, Shared; Decision Making; COVID-19; Referral and Consultation
PubMed: 38577977
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2022.10.014 -
Zeitschrift Fur Evidenz, Fortbildung... Jun 2022Shared decision making has been on the policy agenda in the UK for at least twelve years, but it lacked a comprehensive approach to delivery. That has changed over the...
Shared decision making has been on the policy agenda in the UK for at least twelve years, but it lacked a comprehensive approach to delivery. That has changed over the past five years, and we can now see significant progress across all aspects of a comprehensive approach, including leadership at policy, professional and patient levels; infrastructure developments, including the provision of training, tools and campaigns; and practice improvements, such as demonstrations, measurement and coordination. All these initiatives were necessary, but the last, central coordination, would appear to be key to success.
Topics: Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Germany; Humans; Patient Participation; United Kingdom
PubMed: 35610131
DOI: 10.1016/j.zefq.2022.04.024 -
The Spanish Journal of Psychology Mar 2019Numerical skills are essential to make informed decisions in our daily life. Unfortunately, many people lack basic numeracy, which limits their ability to accurately... (Review)
Review
Numerical skills are essential to make informed decisions in our daily life. Unfortunately, many people lack basic numeracy, which limits their ability to accurately interpret risks (i.e., risk literacy). In this paper, we provide an overview of research investigating the role of numeracy in two prominent domains, where most research was concentrated, health and finance. We summarize what has been learned so far in these domains and suggest promising venues for future research. We conclude that it is important to conduct interventions to improve numeracy in less numerate individuals and to help them make informed decisions and achieve better life outcomes.
Topics: Aptitude; Decision Making; Humans; Mathematical Concepts
PubMed: 30892170
DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2019.16 -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Decision Making
PubMed: 36194616
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2022-02754.eng -
Nursing & Health Sciences Jun 2022Interprofessional care teams can play a key role in supporting older adults (and caregivers) in making informed health decisions, yet shared decision making is not...
Interprofessional care teams can play a key role in supporting older adults (and caregivers) in making informed health decisions, yet shared decision making is not widely practiced in home care. Based on an earlier needs assessment with older adults (and caregivers) with home care experience, we aimed to explore the perceptions of home care teams on the decisions facing their clients and their perceived involvement in shared decision making. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 614 home care providers (nurses, personal support workers, rehabilitation professionals) in three Canadian provinces (Quebec, Ontario, and Alberta). Home care providers considered the decision "to stay at home or move" as the most difficult for older adults. Those most frequently involved in decision making with older adults were family members and least involved were physicians. Although all home care providers reported high levels of shared decision-making, we detected an effect of respondent's discipline on self-perceived shared decision-making; nurses and rehabilitation professionals reported significantly higher levels of shared decision making than personal support workers. A more tailored approach is required to support shared decision making in interprofessional care teams.
Topics: Aged; Canada; Caregivers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Home Care Services; Humans
PubMed: 35460164
DOI: 10.1111/nhs.12946 -
Neuron Jul 2022Corticostriatal circuits represent value and choice during value-guided decision making. In this issue of Neuron, Balewski et al. (2022) show that caudate nucleus and...
Corticostriatal circuits represent value and choice during value-guided decision making. In this issue of Neuron, Balewski et al. (2022) show that caudate nucleus and orbitofrontal cortex use distinct value signals during choice, which are consistent with two parallel valuation mechanisms, one fast, one slow.
Topics: Caudate Nucleus; Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Neurons; Prefrontal Cortex; Reward
PubMed: 35797959
DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.06.011 -
Behavioural Brain Research Oct 2016The hippocampus (HPC) has been traditionally considered to subserve mnemonic processing and spatial cognition. Over the past decade, however, there has been increasing... (Review)
Review
The hippocampus (HPC) has been traditionally considered to subserve mnemonic processing and spatial cognition. Over the past decade, however, there has been increasing interest in its contributions to processes beyond these two domains. One question is whether the HPC plays an important role in decision-making under conditions of high approach-avoidance conflict, a scenario that arises when a goal stimulus is simultaneously associated with reward and punishment. This idea has its origins in rodent work conducted in the 1950s and 1960s, and has recently experienced a resurgence of interest in the literature. In this review, we will first provide an overview of classic rodent lesion data that first suggested a role for the HPC in approach-avoidance conflict processing and then proceed to describe a wide range of more recent evidence from studies conducted in rodents and humans. We will demonstrate that there is substantial, converging cross-species evidence to support the idea that the HPC, in particular the ventral (in rodents)/anterior (in humans) portion, contributes to approach-avoidance conflict decision making. Furthermore, we suggest that the seemingly disparate functions of the HPC (e.g. memory, spatial cognition, conflict processing) need not be mutually exclusive.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Conflict, Psychological; Decision Making; Hippocampus; Humans; Memory; Rodentia
PubMed: 27457133
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.039