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Spinal Cord Series and Cases May 2022Retrospective comparative clinical study.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective comparative clinical study.
OBJECTIVE
To establish eligible diagnostic criteria for traumatic cervical spinal cord injury (TCSCI) without major fracture or dislocation and create a definitive clinical protocol by comparing the pathophysiology of CSCI in both traumatic and degenerative disorders.
SETTING
Fukuoka, Japan.
METHODS
A total of 21 TCSCI patients and 16 rapid progressive clinical deterioration of cervical spondylotic myelopathy (rp-CSM: additional cervical spinal cord injury with an existing cervical myelopathy) patients with impairment graded as C or D on the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Impairment Scale were included in the study. Magnetic resonance (MR) images and ASIA motor scores were evaluated for all of the patients at the time of admission and 12 months postoperatively.
RESULTS
The T2-weighted MR images for all patients showed an abnormally high intramedullary signal in the area of the injured segment at the first examination. At 12 months post-surgery, 47.62% of patients with TCSCI and none with rp-CSM had an abnormally low intramedullary signal change on T1-weighted MR images. The neurological improvement with rp-CSM was significantly greater than that with TCSCI at 12 months postoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS
Our results suggest that the pathophysiology of CSCI between traumatic injury and degenerative disorder are similar, but not identical. The most important factor in the early pathophysiological differential diagnosis between these two pathologies is the presence of an existing cervical myelopathy. We believe that early prognosis with eligible diagnosis for CSCI may lead to early preparations for social rehabilitation in each case.
Topics: Cervical Cord; Humans; Neck Injuries; Retrospective Studies; Spinal Cord Diseases; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 35504871
DOI: 10.1038/s41394-022-00517-7 -
Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria 2014Many hypothesis have tried to explain the aetiology of schizophrenia, the abnormal neurodevelopmental hypothesis is one of the most widely acknowledged and is based on... (Review)
Review
Many hypothesis have tried to explain the aetiology of schizophrenia, the abnormal neurodevelopmental hypothesis is one of the most widely acknowledged and is based on the presence of both prenatal and perinatal disorders, differences in IQ or the existence of genetic abnormalities, which, with the interaction of certain environmental factors, schizophrenia could occur at some point in the development. This hypothesis provides a good account of how these factors result in an alteration in the normal development and how they can lead to a disorder of schizophrenia. On the other hand, a smaller but not insignificant number of studies based on variables such as the presence of neurotoxicity in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia, alterations at the structural and brain connectivity, suggest the existence of a degenerative process in the course of this disease. In this work, we review the different factors underlying both hypotheses, some of which are difficult to categorize in either approach given the controversy and lack of consensus in their interpretation of the available data. Finally, we discuss the need for a non-exclusive alternative model to help understand the available evidence on the origin, course and consequences of the disease.
Topics: Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neurodevelopmental Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 25017496
DOI: No ID Found -
Medecine Sciences : M/S Dec 2020Health is harmony, aging and its diseases (are) functional disharmony at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Our observations lead us to think that there seems to... (Review)
Review
Health is harmony, aging and its diseases (are) functional disharmony at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. Our observations lead us to think that there seems to be a common cause and a common mechanism for aging and its many and diverse diseases. This common cause is the oxidative damage to particular proteins emerging from a combination of imperfect folding and oxidative stress. This common cause jointly goes with the biological clock common to various age-related diseases, whose the incidence increases exponentially over time and causes 90% of human mortality. Pharmacological interventions on the common cause could avoid and simultaneously attenuate all degenerative and malignant diseases, as it is the natural case of super-centenarians.
Topics: Age of Onset; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Aging; Biological Clocks; DNA Damage; Disease; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 33296629
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020221 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Mar 2011In this review, we consider recent work using zebrafish to validate and study the functional consequences of mutations of human genes implicated in a broad range of... (Review)
Review
In this review, we consider recent work using zebrafish to validate and study the functional consequences of mutations of human genes implicated in a broad range of degenerative and developmental disorders of the brain and spinal cord. Also we present technical considerations for those wishing to study their own genes of interest by taking advantage of this easily manipulated and clinically relevant model organism. Zebrafish permit mutational analyses of genetic function (gain or loss of function) and the rapid validation of human variants as pathological mutations. In particular, neural degeneration can be characterized at genetic, cellular, functional, and behavioral levels. Zebrafish have been used to knock down or express mutations in zebrafish homologs of human genes and to directly express human genes bearing mutations related to neurodegenerative disorders such as spinal muscular atrophy, ataxia, hereditary spastic paraplegia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), epilepsy, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, fronto-temporal dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. More recently, we have been using zebrafish to validate mutations of synaptic genes discovered by large-scale genomic approaches in developmental disorders such as autism, schizophrenia, and non-syndromic mental retardation. Advances in zebrafish genetics such as multigenic analyses and chemical genetics now offer a unique potential for disease research. Thus, zebrafish hold much promise for advancing the functional genomics of human diseases, the understanding of the genetics and cell biology of degenerative and developmental disorders, and the discovery of therapeutics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Zebrafish Models of Neurological Diseases.
Topics: Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Genomics; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Zebrafish
PubMed: 20887784
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2010.09.011 -
Aging and Disease Aug 2016Degenerative diseases often strike older adults and are characterized by progressive deterioration of cells, eventually leading to tissue and organ degeneration for... (Review)
Review
Degenerative diseases often strike older adults and are characterized by progressive deterioration of cells, eventually leading to tissue and organ degeneration for which limited effective treatment options are currently available. Acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs), a family of extracellular H(+)-activated ligand-gated ion channels, play critical roles in physiological and pathological conditions. Aberrant activation of ASICs is reported to regulate cell apoptosis, differentiation and autophagy. Accumulating evidence has highlighted a dramatic increase and activation of ASICs in degenerative disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, intervertebral disc degeneration and arthritis. In this review, we have comprehensively discussed the critical roles of ASICs and their potential utility as therapeutic targets in degenerative diseases.
PubMed: 27493834
DOI: 10.14336/AD.2015.1213 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2021Comorbidities are seen with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) across the lifespan. Neurodevelopmental comorbidities are common in young children, followed by mood,...
Comorbidities are seen with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) across the lifespan. Neurodevelopmental comorbidities are common in young children, followed by mood, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive related disorders (OCRDs) in children, adolescents and adults, and neurological and degenerative disorders in the elderly. Understanding comorbidity prevalence and patterns has clinical and research implications. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis on comorbidities in OCD across the lifespan, with the objective to, first, estimate age-wise pattern and prevalence of comorbidities with OCD and, second, to examine associations of demographic (age at assessment, gender distribution) and clinical characteristics (age of onset, illness severity) with comorbidities. Four electronic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and PsycINFO) were searched using predefined search terms for articles published between 1979 and 2020. Eligible studies, across age, reported original findings on comorbidities and had an OCD sample size of ≥100. We excluded studies that did not use standardised diagnostic assessments, or that excluded patients on the basis of comorbidity. We adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The review protocol has been registered on the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews. A comorbidity rate of 69% was found in a pooled sample of more than 15,000 individuals. Mood disorders (major depressive disorder), anxiety disorders (generalised anxiety disorder), neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) and OCRDs were the commonest comorbidities. Anxiety disorders prevailed in children, mood disorders in adults, whereas NDDs were similarly prevalent. Higher comorbidity with any psychiatric illness, NDDs, and severe mental disorders was seen in males, vs. females. Illness severity was inversely associated with rates for panic disorder, tic disorders, OCRDs, obsessive compulsive personality disorder, and anorexia nervosa. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides base rates for comorbidities in OCD across the lifespan. This has implications for comprehensive clinical evaluation and management planning. The high variability in comorbidity rates suggests the need for quality, multi-centric, large studies, using prospective designs. Unique Identifier: CRD42020215904.
PubMed: 34858219
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.703701 -
Spine Surgery and Related Research Nov 2022Despite perioperative risks in nonagenarian patients who undergo open spine surgery for degeneration disorder or spinal trauma being of great interest, the prevalence of...
INTRODUCTION
Despite perioperative risks in nonagenarian patients who undergo open spine surgery for degeneration disorder or spinal trauma being of great interest, the prevalence of complications in this group remains unclear. This study aims to examine the perioperative complications of open spine surgery in the elderly over 90 years of age.
METHODS
Preoperative and intraoperative characteristics including the American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA-PS) class, type of surgery, and complications within 30 postoperative days were retrospectively collected from the medical records of nonagenarians who underwent open spine surgery between April 2004 and July 2019 at our spine centers.
RESULTS
A total of 48 patients met the inclusion criteria of this study. All belong to ASA-PS class 2 (69%) or 3. Preoperative American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grades in trauma group were grade A in 4 cases, B in 1 case, C in 5 cases, D in 11 cases, and E in 1 case. Major complications (deep surgical site infection, cardiac event, respiratory disorder, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, and renal failure) occurred in 13 cases, and the rate of overall perioperative complications was 45.8%. One patient who underwent cervical stabilization for cervical fracture dislocation died at postoperative 13 days due to respiratory disorder. The rates of major complications and overall perioperative complications were 3.6% and 14.3% in the degenerative group and 45.5% and 81.8% in the trauma group, respectively. Especially in the trauma group, respiratory disorder occurred in 7 cases, delirium in 11 cases, and urinary tract infection in 5 cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Although the perioperative complication rate reached 81.8% in spinal trauma cases, the complication rate in degenerative disorders was relatively low as 14.3%. Open spine surgery for degenerative disorders can be relatively safe even in nonagenarians, whereas the risks of perioperative complications, including respiratory disorder and delirium, were high in spinal trauma cases.
PubMed: 36561154
DOI: 10.22603/ssrr.2022-0036 -
The Journal of Clinical and Aesthetic... Feb 2021Skin aging can be a contributing factor in the prediction, follow-up, and early diagnosis of some disorders related to the aging process, including degenerative...
Skin aging can be a contributing factor in the prediction, follow-up, and early diagnosis of some disorders related to the aging process, including degenerative cardiovascular diseases. We sought to explore the association between a clinical skin aging score and risk of degenerative heart diseases. This study included two groups; a case group consisting of 44 patients older than 30 years who were admitted to the cardiology department with degenerative heart disease and 44 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals to act as a control group. The skin aging score was calculated for all subjects. Regarding intrinsic skin aging parameters, there were highly significant differences between the two groups in uneven pigmentation, reduced fat tissue, benign skin tumors, fine wrinkles, and lax skin appearance. Concerning extrinsic skin aging parameters, there were significant differences between the two groups regarding pigment changes, changes in skin phenotype, yellowness, pseudoscars, cutis rhomboidalis nuchae, telangectasia, coarse wrinkles, and dryness. Our study suggests that any individual with intrinsic skin aging score greater than eight points or total score of more than 15 points is at high risk for degenerative cardiovascular disease and should undergo periodic follow-up.
PubMed: 34221225
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Environmental and Public... 2012Throughout the continuum of medical and scientific history, repeated evidence has confirmed that the main etiological determinants of disease are nutritional deficiency,... (Review)
Review
Throughout the continuum of medical and scientific history, repeated evidence has confirmed that the main etiological determinants of disease are nutritional deficiency, toxicant exposures, genetic predisposition, infectious agents, and psychological dysfunction. Contemporary conventional medicine generally operates within a genetic predestination paradigm, attributing most chronic and degenerative illness to genomic factors, while incorporating pathogens and psychological disorder in specific situations. Toxicity and deficiency states often receive insufficient attention as common source causes of chronic disease in the developed world. Recent scientific evidence in health disciplines including molecular medicine, epigenetics, and environmental health sciences, however, reveal ineluctable evidence that deficiency and toxicity states feature prominently as common etiological determinants of contemporary ill-health. Incorporating evidence from historical and emerging science, it is evident that a reevaluation of conventional wisdom on the current construct of disease origins should be considered and that new knowledge should receive expeditious translation into clinical strategies for disease management and health promotion. An analysis of almost any scientific problem leads automatically to a study of its history.--Ernst Mayr.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Deficiency Diseases; Disease; Disease Management; Genomics; Hazardous Substances; Health Promotion; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; History, Medieval; Humans
PubMed: 22262979
DOI: 10.1155/2012/605137 -
Journal of International Society of... 2023The aim of this study was to describe the mechanism of dental implants osseointegration in patients with congenital and degenerative genetic bone disorders. (Review)
Review
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to describe the mechanism of dental implants osseointegration in patients with congenital and degenerative genetic bone disorders.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A PubMed and Scopus documents search was carried out between November 2021 in the, using words such as "osseointegration," "degenerative disease," "congenital disease," and "dental implants."
RESULTS
The thirteen articles selected dealt with dental implants osseointegration in patients with congenital and degenerative bone disorders. The influence and repercussion of these diseases on the bone system, as well as the osseointegration process were described from healing to bone remodeling. In addition, certain articles described some considerations to improve the osseointegration process in patients suffering from these types of conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this literature review we can conclude that osseointegration in patients with ectodermal dysplasia and osteoporosis could be achieved. However, the planning process for dental implant placement in these patients should be more meticulous and individualized considering the degree of tissue involvement as well as the patient's age and skeletal development compared to systemically healthy patients.
PubMed: 37564172
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_51_22