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Frontiers in Psychology 2022Previous research has contrasted fleeting erroneous experiences of familiarity with equally convincing, and often more stubborn erroneous experiences of remembering....
Previous research has contrasted fleeting erroneous experiences of familiarity with equally convincing, and often more stubborn erroneous experiences of remembering. While a subset of the former category may present as nonpathological "déjà vu," the latter, termed "déjà vécu" can categorize a delusion-like confabulatory phenomenon first described in elderly dementia patients. Leading explanations for this experience include the dual process view, in which erroneous familiarity and erroneous recollection are elicited by inappropriate activation of the parahippocampal cortex and the hippocampus, respectively, and the more popular encoding-as-retrieval explanation in which normal memory encoding processes are falsely flagged and interpreted as memory retrieval. This paper presents a novel understanding of this recollective confabulation that builds on the encoding-as-retrieval hypothesis but more adequately accounts for the co-occurrence of persistent déjà vécu with both perceptual novelty and memory impairment, the latter of which occurs not only in progressive dementia but also in transient epileptic amnesia (TEA) and psychosis. It makes use of the growing interdisciplinary understanding of the fluidity of time and posits that the functioning of memory and the perception of novelty, long known to influence the subjective experience of time, may have a more fundamental effect on the flow of time.
PubMed: 35967717
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.794683 -
Neurology(R) Neuroimmunology &... Nov 2022To assess seizure characteristics in antibody (ab)-associated autoimmune encephalitis (ab + AE) with the 3 most prevalent abs against N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
To assess seizure characteristics in antibody (ab)-associated autoimmune encephalitis (ab + AE) with the 3 most prevalent abs against N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1 (LGI1), and glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD).
METHODS
Multicenter nationwide prospective cohort study of the German Network for Research in Autoimmune Encephalitis.
RESULTS
Three hundred twenty patients with ab + AE were eligible for analysis: 190 NMDAR+, 89 LGI1+, and 41 GAD+. Seizures were present in 113 (60%) NMDAR+, 69 (78%) LGI1+, and 26 (65%) GAD+ patients and as leading symptoms for diagnosis in 53 (28%) NMDAR+, 47 (53%) LGI+, and 20 (49%) GAD+ patients. Bilateral tonic-clonic seizures occurred with almost equal frequency in NMDAR+ (38/51, 75%) and GAD+ (14/20, 70%) patients, while being less common in LGI1+ patients (27/59, 46%). Focal seizures occurred less frequently in NMDAR+ (67/113; 59%) than in LGI1+ (54/69, 78%) or in GAD+ patients (23/26; 88%). An aura with déjà-vu phenomenon was nearly specific in GAD+ patients (16/20, 80%). Faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) were uniquely observed in LGI1+ patients (17/59, 29%). Status epilepticus was reported in one-third of NMDAR+ patients, but only rarely in the 2 other groups. The occurrence of seizures was associated with higher disease severity only in NMDAR+ patients.
DISCUSSION
Seizures are a frequent and diagnostically relevant symptom of ab + AE. Whereas NMDAR+ patients had few localizing semiological features, semiology in LGI1+ and GAD+ patients pointed toward a predominant temporal seizure onset. FBDS are pathognomonic for LGI1 + AE. Status epilepticus seems to be more frequent in NMDAR + AE.
Topics: Humans; Glutamate Decarboxylase; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Prospective Studies; Leucine; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Seizures; Encephalitis; Autoantibodies; Status Epilepticus
PubMed: 36266054
DOI: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000200034 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Jun 2010Déjà vu is characterized by the recognition of a situation concurrent with the awareness that this recognition is inappropriate. Although forms of déjà vu resolve in... (Review)
Review
Déjà vu is characterized by the recognition of a situation concurrent with the awareness that this recognition is inappropriate. Although forms of déjà vu resolve in favor of the inappropriate recognition and therefore have behavioral consequences, typical déjà vu experiences resolve in favor of the awareness that the sensation of recognition is inappropriate. The resultant lack of behavioral modification associated with typical déjà vu means that clinicians and experimenters rely heavily on self-report when observing the experience. In this review, we focus on recent déjà vu research. We consider issues facing neuropsychological, neuroscientific, and cognitive experimental frameworks attempting to explore and experimentally generate the experience. In doing this, we suggest the need for more experimentation and a more cautious interpretation of research findings, particularly as many techniques being used to explore déjà vu are in the early stages of development.
Topics: Awareness; Brain; Deja Vu; Dissociative Disorders; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neuropsychology; Psychological Theory; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 20425276
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-010-0119-5 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Apr 2018
Topics: Deja Vu; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Germany; Smoking; Nicotiana
PubMed: 29716686
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.2018.0233 -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Mar 1990
Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Canada; Equipment Design; History, 20th Century; Humans; Larynx; Masks; United Kingdom
PubMed: 2183865
DOI: 10.1093/bja/64.3.406 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Feb 20235 months into the monkeypox epidemic, there are no proven therapies and no comparative safety and efficacy data in the treatment of affected individuals. The question... (Review)
Review
5 months into the monkeypox epidemic, there are no proven therapies and no comparative safety and efficacy data in the treatment of affected individuals. The question remains whether we, as a scientific and medical community, will apply the lessons learned from the past decade of outbreaks that well conducted randomised controlled trials can be ethically, safely, and efficiently performed to guide clinical decision making so that the right drug is used for the right patient at the right time. Furthermore, the robust level of evidence from randomised controlled trials is highly relevant to advocating for equitable access to new treatments in low-income and middle-income countries. As with COVID-19, we need to pair optimal supportive care with rigorously designed double-blind randomised controlled trials to elucidate safe and effective therapies for monkeypox. The need remains for the funding and development of predesigned, adaptive trial protocols for diseases with epidemic or pandemic potential that can be timely pulled off the shelf and launched early in an outbreak, leveraging ready clinical trial networks and infrastructure for rapid discovery and implementation of new treatments.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; Mpox (monkeypox); Double-Blind Method; Pandemics; Disease Outbreaks; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 36400066
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00722-8 -
Journal of Intelligence Jun 2023Curiosity during learning increases information-seeking behaviors and subsequent memory retrieval success, yet the mechanisms that drive curiosity and its accompanying...
Curiosity during learning increases information-seeking behaviors and subsequent memory retrieval success, yet the mechanisms that drive curiosity and its accompanying information-seeking behaviors remain elusive. Hints throughout the literature suggest that curiosity may result from a metacognitive signal-possibly of closeness to a not yet accessible piece of information-that in turn leads the experiencer to seek out additional information that will resolve a perceptibly small knowledge gap. We examined whether metacognition sensations thought to signal the likely presence of an as yet unretrieved relevant memory (such as familiarity or déjà vu) might be involved. Across two experiments, when cued recall failed, participants gave higher curiosity ratings during reported déjà vu (Experiment 1) or déjà entendu (Experiment 2), and these states were associated with increased expenditure of limited experimental resources to discover the answer. Participants also spent more time attempting to retrieve information and generated more incorrect information when experiencing these déjà vu-like states than when not. We propose that metacognition signaling of the possible presence of an as yet unretrieved but relevant memory may drive curiosity and prompt information-seeking that includes further search efforts.
PubMed: 37367514
DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11060112 -
Journal of Vascular Surgery Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Plaque, Atherosclerotic
PubMed: 36410846
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.07.186 -
The EMBO Journal Dec 2016Twenty‐five years ago, in August 1991, I spent a couple of afternoons at Los Alamos National Laboratory writing some simple software that enabled a small group of...
Twenty‐five years ago, in August 1991, I spent a couple of afternoons at Los Alamos National Laboratory writing some simple software that enabled a small group of physicists to share drafts of their articles via automated email transactions with a central repository. Within a few years, the site migrated to the nascent WorldWideWeb as arXiv.org, and experienced both expansion in coverage and heavy growth in usage that continues to this day. In 1998, I gave a talk to a group of biologists—including David Lipman, Pat Brown, and Michael Eisen—at a meeting at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) to describe the sharing of articles “pre‐publication” by physicists. The talk was met with some enthusiasm and prompted the “e‐biomed” proposal in the following spring by then NIH director Harold Varmus. He encouraged the creation of an NIH‐run electronic archive for all biomedical research articles, including both a preprint server and an archive of published peer‐reviewed articles, which generated significant discussion.
PubMed: 27760783
DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695531