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Journal of Infection in Developing... Apr 2024After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, a high number of cases and severe dengue in children were reported in some provinces in the south of Vietnam. This study...
INTRODUCTION
After the Coronavirus Disease 2019 pandemic, a high number of cases and severe dengue in children were reported in some provinces in the south of Vietnam. This study aimed to determine the distribution of dengue virus serotypes and their correlation with demographic factors, disease severity, clinical manifestations, and laboratory findings.
METHODOLOGY
This study employed a cross-sectional design. Ninety-six dengue-infected children admitted to Can Tho Children's Hospital between October 2022 and March 2023 were included. Confirmation of dengue infection was achieved through the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).
RESULTS
Among the identified serotypes, DENV-2 accounted for the highest proportion (71.87%), followed by DENV-1 (23.96%), and DENV-4 (4.17%). DENV-3 was not detected. No significant demographic, disease severity, or laboratory differences were observed among the identified dengue serotypes. However, DENV-2 was associated with a higher occurrence of mucous membrane hemorrhages and gastrointestinal bleeding compared to other serotypes.
CONCLUSIONS
Although DENV-2 was the most prevalent serotype responsible for dengue in children in southern Vietnam, it did not lead to more severe cases compared to other serotypes. This finding is crucial for evaluating the illness's prognosis.
Topics: Humans; Vietnam; Severe Dengue; Cross-Sectional Studies; Male; Dengue Virus; Female; Serogroup; Child; Child, Preschool; Adolescent; Infant; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 38728633
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.18900 -
Viruses May 2016Dengue, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease, is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, and is a considerable public health... (Review)
Review
Dengue, the most prevalent arthropod-borne viral disease, is caused by the dengue virus (DENV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, and is a considerable public health threat in over 100 countries, with 2.5 billion people living in high-risk areas. However, no specific antiviral drug or licensed vaccine currently targets DENV infection. The replicon system has all the factors needed for viral replication in cells. Since the development of replicon systems, transient and stable reporter replicons, as well as reporter viruses, have been used in the study of various virological aspects of DENV and in the identification of DENV inhibitors. In this review, we summarize the DENV reporter replicon system and its applications in high-throughput screening (HTS) for identification of anti-DENV inhibitors. We also describe the use of this system in elucidation of the mechanisms of virus replication and viral dynamics in vivo and in vitro.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Dengue Virus; Drug Discovery; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Staining and Labeling; Virology; Virus Replication
PubMed: 27164125
DOI: 10.3390/v8050122 -
BioMed Research International 2014Dengue fever, a reemerging disease, is putting nearly 2.5 billion people at risk worldwide. The number of infections and the geographic extension of dengue fever... (Review)
Review
Dengue fever, a reemerging disease, is putting nearly 2.5 billion people at risk worldwide. The number of infections and the geographic extension of dengue fever infection have increased in the past decade. The disease is caused by the dengue virus, a flavivirus that uses mosquitos Aedes sp. as vectors. The disease has several clinical manifestations, from the mild cold-like illness to the more serious hemorrhagic dengue fever and dengue shock syndrome. Currently, there is no approved drug for the treatment of dengue disease or an effective vaccine to fight the virus. Therefore, the search for antivirals against dengue virus is an active field of research. As new possible receptors and biological pathways of the virus biology are discovered, new strategies are being undertaken to identify possible antiviral molecules. Several groups of researchers have targeted the initial step in the infection as a potential approach to interfere with the virus. The viral entry process is mediated by viral proteins and cellular receptor molecules that end up in the endocytosis of the virion, the fusion of both membranes, and the release of viral RNA in the cytoplasm. This review provides an overview of the targets and progress that has been made in the quest for dengue virus entry inhibitors.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Dengue Virus; Humans; Membrane Fusion; Receptors, Virus; Viral Envelope Proteins; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 25157370
DOI: 10.1155/2014/825039 -
Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica Feb 2008Dengue infection is a major cause of morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions, bringing nearly 40% of the world population at risk and causing more than 20,000... (Review)
Review
Dengue infection is a major cause of morbidity in tropical and subtropical regions, bringing nearly 40% of the world population at risk and causing more than 20,000 deaths per year. But there is neither a vaccine for dengue disease nor antiviral drugs to treat the infection. In recent years, dengue infection has been particularly prevalent in India, Southeast Asia, Brazil, and Guangdong Province, China. In this article, we present a brief summary of the biological characteristics of dengue virus and associated flaviviruses, and outline the progress on studies of vaccines and drugs based on potential targets of the dengue virus.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Dengue; Dengue Vaccines; Dengue Virus; Drug Design; Genome, Viral; Humans; Membrane Fusion; Viral Proteins; Virus Assembly
PubMed: 18235970
DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7270.2008.00382.x -
Current Opinion in Virology Aug 2020Despite the high disease burden of dengue virus, there is no approved antiviral treatment or broadly applicable vaccine to treat or prevent dengue virus infection. In... (Review)
Review
Despite the high disease burden of dengue virus, there is no approved antiviral treatment or broadly applicable vaccine to treat or prevent dengue virus infection. In the last decade, many antiviral compounds have been identified but only few have been further evaluated in pre-clinical or clinical trials. This review will give an overview of the direct-acting and host-directed antivirals identified to date. Furthermore, important parameters for further development that is, drug properties including efficacy, specificity and stability, pre-clinical animal testing, and combinational drug therapy will be discussed.
Topics: Animals; Antiviral Agents; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Drug Development; Humans
PubMed: 32795907
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.009 -
Viruses Feb 2021Intrahost genetic diversity is thought to facilitate arbovirus adaptation to changing environments and hosts, and it might also be linked to viral pathogenesis. Dengue...
Intrahost genetic diversity is thought to facilitate arbovirus adaptation to changing environments and hosts, and it might also be linked to viral pathogenesis. Dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2) has circulated in Brazil since 1990 and is associated with severe disease and explosive outbreaks. Intending to shed light on the viral determinants for severe dengue pathogenesis, we sought to analyze the DENV-2 intrahost genetic diversity in 68 patient cases clinically classified as dengue fever ( = 31), dengue with warning signs ( = 19), and severe dengue ( = 18). Unlike previous DENV intrahost diversity studies whose approaches employed PCR, here we performed viral whole-genome deep sequencing from clinical samples with an amplicon-free approach, representing the real intrahost diversity scenario. Striking differences were detected in the viral population structure between the three clinical categories, which appear to be driven mainly by different infection times and selection pressures, rather than being linked with the clinical outcome itself. Diversity in the NS2B gene, however, showed to be constrained, irrespective of clinical outcome and infection time. Finally, 385 non-synonymous intrahost single-nucleotide variants located along the viral polyprotein, plus variants located in the untranslated regions, were consistently identified among the samples. Of them, 124 were exclusively or highly detected among cases with warning signs and among severe cases. However, there was no variant that by itself appeared to characterize the cases of greater severity, either due to its low intrahost frequency or the conservative effect on amino acid substitution. Although further studies are necessary to determine their real effect on viral proteins, this heightens the possibility of epistatic interactions. The present analysis represents an initial effort to correlate DENV-2 genetic diversity to its pathogenic potential and thus contribute to understanding the virus's dynamics within its human host.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brazil; Child; Child, Preschool; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Female; Genetic Variation; Genome, Viral; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Phylogeny; Serogroup; Viral Nonstructural Proteins; Young Adult
PubMed: 33672226
DOI: 10.3390/v13020349 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Oct 2021The number of sporadic and epidemic dengue fever cases have reportedly been increasing in recent years in some West African countries, such as Senegal and Mali. The...
The number of sporadic and epidemic dengue fever cases have reportedly been increasing in recent years in some West African countries, such as Senegal and Mali. The first epidemic of laboratory-confirmed dengue occurred in Nouakchott, the capital city of Mauritania situated in the Saharan desert, in 2014. On-site diagnosis of dengue fever was established using a rapid diagnostic test for dengue. In parallel, the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the city was confirmed. The initial diagnosis was confirmed by RT-PCR, which showed that all samples from the 2014 dengue epidemic in Nouakchott were dengue virus serotype 2 (DENV-2). The whole genome or envelope protein gene of these strains, together with other DENV-2 strains obtained from travelers returning from West African countries to France between 2016 and 2019 (including two Mauritanian strains in 2017 and 2018), were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a recent emergence of an epidemic strain from the cosmopolitan genotype belonging to West African cosmopolitan lineage II, which is genetically distinct from African sylvatic genotype. The origin of this DENV-2 lineage is still unknown, but our data seem to suggest a recent and rapid dispersion of the epidemic strain throughout the region. More complete genome sequences of West African DENV-2 are required for a better understanding of the dynamics of its circulation. Arboviral surveillance and outbreak forecasting are urgently needed in West Africa.
Topics: Africa, Western; Dengue; Dengue Virus; France; Genome, Viral; Genotype; Humans; Mauritania; Phylogeny; Serogroup; Travel
PubMed: 34695119
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009829 -
Viruses Jul 2021Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases, with half of the world's population at risk of infection. In Nepal, DENV was first reported...
Dengue virus (DENV) is one of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases, with half of the world's population at risk of infection. In Nepal, DENV was first reported in 2004, and its prevalence is increasing every year. The present study aimed to obtain and characterize the full-length genome sequence of DENV from the 2017 outbreak. Hospital-based surveillance was conducted in two provinces of Nepal during the outbreak. Acute-phase serum samples were collected from 141 clinically suspected dengue patients after the rainy season. By serological and molecular techniques, 37 (26.9%) and 49 (34.8%), respectively, were confirmed as dengue patients. The cosmopolitan genotype of DENV-2 was isolated from 27 laboratory-confirmed dengue patients. Genomic analysis showed many amino acid substitutions distributed mainly among the E, NS3, and NS5 genes. Phylogenetic analyses of the whole genome sequence revealed two clades (Asian and Indian) among DENV-2 isolates from Nepal. The DENV isolates from hilly and Terai areas were similar to Asian and Indian strains, respectively. Further genomic study on different DENV serotypes is warranted to understand DENV epidemics in Nepal, where there are limited scientific resources and infrastructure.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Genotype; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Nepal; Phylogeny; Serogroup; Whole Genome Sequencing; Young Adult
PubMed: 34452310
DOI: 10.3390/v13081444 -
Advances in Virus Research 2003The evolution of dengue viruses has had a major impact on their virulence for humans and on the epidemiology of dengue disease around the world. Although antigenic and... (Review)
Review
The evolution of dengue viruses has had a major impact on their virulence for humans and on the epidemiology of dengue disease around the world. Although antigenic and genetic differences in virus strains had become evident, it is mainly due to the lack of animal models of disease that has made it difficult to detect differences in virulence of dengue viruses. However, phylogenetic studies of many different dengue virus samples have led to the association between specific genotypes (within serotypes) and the presentation of more or less severe disease. Currently, dengue viruses can be classified as being of epidemiologically low, medium, or high impact; i.e., some viruses may remain in sylvatic cycles of little or low transmissibility to humans, others produce dengue fever (DF) only, and some genotypes have been associated with the potential to cause the more severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in addition to DF. Although the factors that contribute to dengue virus epidemiology are complex, studies have suggested that specific viral structures may contribute to increased replication in human target cells and to increased transmission by the mosquito vector; however, the immune status and possibly the genetic background of the host are also determinants of virulence or disease presentation. As to the question of whether dengue viruses are evolving toward virulence as they continue to spread throughout the world, phylogenetic and epidemiological analyses suggest that the more virulent genotypes are now displacing those that have lower epidemiological impact; there is no evidence for the transmission of antigenically aberrant, new strains.
Topics: Animals; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Evolution, Molecular; Genetic Variation; Humans; Phylogeny; Serotyping; Virulence
PubMed: 14696333
DOI: 10.1016/s0065-3527(03)59009-1 -
Journal of Biological Physics Mar 2019In this study, we investigate the binding interactions of two synthetic antiviral peptides (DET2 and DET4) on type II dengue virus (DENV2) envelope protein domain III....
In this study, we investigate the binding interactions of two synthetic antiviral peptides (DET2 and DET4) on type II dengue virus (DENV2) envelope protein domain III. These two antiviral peptides are designed based on the domain III of the DENV2 envelope protein, which has shown significant inhibition activity in previous studies and can be potentially modified further to be active against all dengue strains. Molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina and the best-ranked peptide-domain III complex was further explored using molecular dynamics simulations. Molecular mechanics-Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) was used to calculate the relative binding free energies and to locate the key residues of peptide-protein interactions. The predicted binding affinity correlated well with the previous experimental studies. DET4 outperformed DET2 and is oriented within the binding site through favorable vdW and electrostatic interactions. Pairwise residue decomposition analysis has revealed several key residues that contribute to the binding of these peptides. Residues in DET2 interact relatively lesser with the domain III compared to DET4. Dynamic cross-correlation analysis showed that both the DET2 and DET4 trigger different dynamic patterns on the domain III. Correlated motions were seen between the residue pairs of DET4 and the binding site while binding of DET2 results in anti-correlated motion on the binding site. This work showcases the use of computational study in elucidating and explaining the experiment observation on an atomic level.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; Dengue Virus; Hydrogen Bonding; Molecular Docking Simulation; Peptides; Protein Domains; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Thermodynamics; Viral Envelope Proteins
PubMed: 30680580
DOI: 10.1007/s10867-018-9515-6