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Brazilian Oral Research 2012Dental implants have increased the use of titanium and titanium alloys in prosthetic applications. Whitening toothpastes with peroxides are available for patients with... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Dental implants have increased the use of titanium and titanium alloys in prosthetic applications. Whitening toothpastes with peroxides are available for patients with high aesthetic requirements, but the effect of whitening toothpastes on titanium surfaces is not yet known, although titanium is prone to fluoride ion attack. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare Ti-5Ta alloy to cp Ti after toothbrushing with whitening and conventional toothpastes. Ti-5Ta (%wt) alloy was melted in an arc melting furnace and compared with cp Ti. Disks and toothbrush heads were embedded in PVC rings to be mounted onto a toothbrushing test apparatus. A total of 260,000 cycles were carried out at 250 cycles/minute under a load of 5 N on samples immersed in toothpaste slurries. Surface roughness and Vickers microhardness were evaluated before and after toothbrushing. One sample of each material/toothpaste was analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and compared with a sample that had not been submitted to toothbrushing. Surface roughness increased significantly after toothbrushing, but no differences were noted after toothbrushing with different toothpastes. Toothbrushing did not significantly affect sample microhardness. The results suggest that toothpastes that contain and those that do not contain peroxides in their composition have different effects on cp Ti and Ti-5Ta surfaces. Although no significant difference was noted in the microhardness and roughness of the surfaces brushed with different toothpastes, both toothpastes increased roughness after toothbrushing.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Dental Alloys; Hardness Tests; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Surface Properties; Time Factors; Titanium; Tooth Bleaching Agents; Toothbrushing; Toothpastes
PubMed: 22814737
DOI: 10.1590/s1806-83242012005000014 -
Dental Materials Journal Mar 2018The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three metal priming agents on the bond strength of adhesive resin cement to Silver-Zinc-Tin-Indium (Ag-Zn-Sn-In)...
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of three metal priming agents on the bond strength of adhesive resin cement to Silver-Zinc-Tin-Indium (Ag-Zn-Sn-In) alloy and pure Ag, Zn, Sn, and In. The specimens were air-abraded with alumina and then primed with one of three metal priming agents: V-Primer, Estenia Opaque Primer, or Alloy Primer. The metal disks were bonded with adhesive resin cement (Super-Bond Bulk-mix technique). Shear bond strengths (n=10/group) were determined before and after 50,000 thermocycles for Ag-Zn-Sn-In alloy as well as after 5,000 thermocycles for pure Ag, Zn, Sn and In. For Ag-Zn-Sn-In alloy, the post-thermocycling bond strength of the Alloy Primer group was significantly higher than that of the other primers. It can be concluded that Alloy Primer containing both the vinyl-thione monomer (VBATDT) and hydrophobic phosphate monomer (MDP) is effective for bonding Ag-Zn-Sn-In alloy and pure Ag, Zn and Sn.
Topics: Boron Compounds; Dental Alloys; Dental Bonding; Dental Stress Analysis; Indium; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Methylmethacrylates; Post and Core Technique; Resin Cements; Shear Strength; Silver; Surface Properties; Thiones; Tin; Triazines; Zinc
PubMed: 29109340
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-139 -
The Angle Orthodontist Nov 2006To examine the mechanical properties and the usefulness of titanium-niobium-aluminum (Ti-Nb-Al) wire in orthodontic tooth movement as compared with nickel-titanium...
OBJECTIVE
To examine the mechanical properties and the usefulness of titanium-niobium-aluminum (Ti-Nb-Al) wire in orthodontic tooth movement as compared with nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) wire.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The load deflection of expansion springs was gauged with an original jig. The gradient of the superelastic region was measured during the unloading process. Expansion springs comprising the two types of alloy wires were applied to upper first molars of rats. The distance between the first molars was measured with micrometer calipers.
RESULTS
The force magnitude of the Ti-Nb-Al expansion spring was lower than that of the Ni-Ti expansion spring over the entire deflection range. The initial force magnitude and the gradient in the superelastic region of the Ti-Nb-Al expansion springs were half those of the Ni-Ti expansion springs. Thus, Ti-Nb-Al expansion springs generated lighter and more continuous force. Tooth movement in the Ni-Ti group proceeded in a stepwise fashion. On the other hand, tooth movement in the Ti-Nb-Al group showed relatively smooth and continuous progression. At 17 days after insertion of expansion springs, there were no significant differences between the Ti-Nb-Al and Ni-Ti groups in the amount of tooth movement.
CONCLUSIONS
These results indicate that Ti-Nb-Al wire has excellent mechanical properties for smooth, continuous tooth movement and suggest that Ti-Nb-Al wire may be used as a practical nickel-free shape memory and superelastic alloy wire for orthodontic treatment as a substitute for Ni-Ti wire.
Topics: Animals; Compressive Strength; Dental Alloys; Dental Stress Analysis; Elasticity; Male; Materials Testing; Nickel; Orthodontic Appliance Design; Orthodontic Wires; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Statistics, Nonparametric; Titanium; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 17090162
DOI: 10.2319/083105-306 -
Dental Materials Journal Mar 2008In this study, we examined the corrosion behavior of dental precious alloys and magnetic stainless steels, namely SUS 444, SUS XM27, and SUS 447J1, used for dental...
In this study, we examined the corrosion behavior of dental precious alloys and magnetic stainless steels, namely SUS 444, SUS XM27, and SUS 447J1, used for dental magnetic attachments. Their galvanic corrosion behavior was evaluated from the viewpoint of corrosion potentials when they were in contact with each other. Rest potentials of the precious alloys were constantly higher than those of magnetic stainless steels. Since most gold alloys raised the corrosion potential more significantly than silver alloys did, silver alloys seemed to be better suited than gold alloys for combination with magnetic stainless steels. However, all corrosion potential values were sufficiently lower than the breakdown potentials of the stainless steels and existed within their passive regions. Based on the findings of this study, SUS XM27 and SUS 447J1--which exhibited higher breakdown potentials than SUS 444--emerged as the preferred choices for combination with gold alloys.
Topics: Corrosion; Dental Alloys; Dental Prosthesis Retention; Electrochemistry; Gold Alloys; Magnetics; Materials Testing; Stainless Steel
PubMed: 18540398
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.27.237 -
The Angle Orthodontist Dec 2004Recent developments in material science have presented newer archwire materials as well as improvements in the properties of existing ones. Proper selection and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Recent developments in material science have presented newer archwire materials as well as improvements in the properties of existing ones. Proper selection and understanding of the biomechanical requirement of each case requires proper characterization studies on archwire alloys. The present study characterizes and compares three orthodontic archwire alloys, stainless steel, beta titanium alloy (TMA), and a newly introduced titanium alloy (TiMolium), for the parameters (1) ultimate tensile strength (UTS), 0.02% offset yield strength (YS), and modulus of elasticity (E); (2) load deflection characteristics; (3) frictional properties; (4) surface characteristics and (5) elemental analysis for TiMolium. Seven specimens of each archwire alloy were used for evaluating each parameter. An instron universal testing machine was used for tensile testing, three-point bend testing, and evaluation of frictional characteristics. Scanning electron microscope was used for surface evaluation and X-ray fluorescence for elemental analysis of TiMolium wire specimens. Stainless steel was the strongest archwire alloy with high UTS, E, 0.02% offset YS, and less friction at the archwire-bracket interface. TMA wires exhibited better load deflection characteristics with less stiffness than the other two wires. The surface of TMA appeared rough and exhibited very high values for friction at the archwire-bracket interface. TiMolium appeared to be an alpha-beta titanium alloy composed of titanium, aluminum, and vanadium and intermediate in nature for all the parameters evaluated.
Topics: Alloys; Biomechanical Phenomena; Dental Alloys; Elasticity; Friction; Humans; Materials Testing; Molybdenum; Orthodontic Wires; Pliability; Stainless Steel; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties; Tensile Strength; Titanium
PubMed: 15673147
DOI: 10.1043/0003-3219(2004)074<0825:MPASCO>2.0.CO;2 -
Dental Materials Journal Mar 2018Titanium nitride (TiN) coating by ion plating has properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and surface lubricity, therefore TiN coating...
Titanium nitride (TiN) coating by ion plating has properties such as high hardness, wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and surface lubricity, therefore TiN coating is often used in various dental appliances and materials. In this study, we evaluated the corrosion behaviors and mechanical properties of TiN coated stainless steel (SS) and nickel titanium (Ni-Ti) orthodontic wires prepared by ion plating. TiN coating by ion plating improves the corrosion resistance of orthodontic wires. The corrosion pitting of the TiN coated wire surface become small. The tensile strength and stiffness of SS wire were increased after TiN coating. In contrast, its elastic force, which is a property for Ni-Ti wire, was decreased. In addition, TiN coating provided small friction forces. The low level of friction may increase tooth movement efficiently. Therefore, TiN coated SS wire could be useful for orthodontics treatment.
Topics: Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Corrosion; Dental Alloys; Electroplating; Hardness; Materials Testing; Nickel; Orthodontic Wires; Stainless Steel; Surface Properties; Tensile Strength; Titanium
PubMed: 29109336
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2016-348 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2016Castability has been found to be affected by many aspects of the entire casting system. Very few references in dental literature are available regarding recasting of the...
CONTEXT
Castability has been found to be affected by many aspects of the entire casting system. Very few references in dental literature are available regarding recasting of the base metal alloys.
AIMS
To evaluate and compare the castability of fresh and reused nickel-chromium alloy and to evaluate the effect of two brands of investment materials on castability of nickel-chromium alloy.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
For the experimental purpose of evaluation of the effect of recasting of nickel-chromium alloy on its castability, different percentages of new and casted alloy (Nickel-chromium alloy-(Wirolloy NB, Type 4 (Ni-67%; Cr-25%; Mo-5%; Si-1.5%; Mn, Nb, B, C each <1%) and two commercial brands of investment materials namely, Deguvest Impact (Degudent; Dentsply Germany) and Bellavest SH (Degudent; Dentsply Germany) was used to obtain 30 samples. Castability value was obtained using Whitlock's formula. Student t-test and one way ANOVA using SPSS 20.0 software was done.
RESULTS
The results of this study confirm earlier works that demonstrate that there is no significant difference in castability values of new and recast alloys. In addition, it also demonstrated, there was no difference in castability using Deguvest Impact and Bellavest SH investment materials.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of the study, it was concluded that there was no significant difference found in castability of different percentage combinations of new and once casted alloy using two investment materials. The addition of new alloy during recasting to maintain the castability of nickel-chromium alloy may therefore not be required.
Topics: Chromium Alloys; Dental Alloys; Dental Casting Investment; Dental Casting Technique; In Vitro Techniques; Materials Testing; Surface Properties
PubMed: 27237212
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.183136 -
BioMed Research International 2019Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files have enabled efficient root canal preparations that maintain the canal center with fewer aberrations compared to hand files. However,...
Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files have enabled efficient root canal preparations that maintain the canal center with fewer aberrations compared to hand files. However, NiTi rotary files are susceptible to fracture, which can thereby compromise root canal treatment. Therefore, NiTi files have been developed to enhance fracture resistance by modifying design and thermal treatment. The objective of this study was to compare the torsional fatigue resistance and bending resistance of NiTi files manufactured from different alloys and treatments. ProTaper NEXT X2 (PTN; M-wire), V taper 2H (V2H; controlled memory wire), NRT (heat-treated), and One Shape (OS; conventional alloy) instruments of tip size #25 were compared. Torsional fatigue was evaluated by embedding the 3 mm tip of each instrument ( = 10/brand) in resin and the repetitive application of torsional stress (300 rpm, 1.0 N·cm) by an endodontic motor with autostop when the file fractured. The number of loading cycles to fracture was recorded and analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with Bonferroni's correction. Bending resistance of the instruments was tested using a cantilever bending test to the 3 mm point from the tip ( = 10/brand). The stress was measured when deflection of 3 mm was subjected and statistically analyzed with a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significance difference test ( = 0.05). V2H withstood the highest number of load applications during torsional fatigue testing ( < 0.05), followed by NRT, PTN, and OS, where the differences between NRT and PTN (=0.035) and between PTN and OS (=0.143) were not statistically significant. V2H showed the lowest bending stiffness, followed by NRT, PTN, and OS ( < 0.001). Thermal treatment of NiTi wire resulted in improved mechanical properties, and controlled memory wire provided improved flexibility and torsional fatigue resistance.
Topics: Alloys; Dental Alloys; Materials Testing; Nickel; Root Canal Preparation; Stress, Mechanical; Titanium
PubMed: 31828110
DOI: 10.1155/2019/6368958 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2024This study aimed to compare the insertion torque (IT), flexural strength (FS) and surface alterations between stainless steel (SS-MIs) and titanium alloy (Ti-MIs)... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to compare the insertion torque (IT), flexural strength (FS) and surface alterations between stainless steel (SS-MIs) and titanium alloy (Ti-MIs) orthodontic mini-implants.
METHODS
Twenty-four MIs (2 x 10 mm; SS-MIs, n = 12; Ti-MIs, n = 12) were inserted on artificial bone blocks of 20 lb/ft3 (20 PCF) and 40 lb/ft3 (40 PCF) density. The maximum IT was recorded using a digital torque meter. FS was evaluated at 2, 3 and 4 mm-deflection. Surface topography and chemical composition of MIs were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). General linear and mixed models were used to assess the effect of the MI type, bone density and deflection on the evaluated outcomes.
RESULTS
The IT of Ti-MIs was 1.1 Ncm greater than that obtained for the SS-MIs (p= 0.018). The IT for MIs inserted in 40 PCF test blocks was 5.4 Ncm greater than that for those inserted in 20 PCF test blocks (p < 0.001). SS-MIs inserted in higher density bone (40 PCF) had significantly higher flexural strength than the other groups, at 2 mm (98.7 ± 5.1 Ncm), 3 mm (112.0 ± 3.9 Ncm) and 4 mm (120.0 ± 3.4 Ncm) of deflection (p< 0.001). SEM evidenced fractures in the Ti-MIs. EDS revealed incorporation of 18% of C and 2.06% of O in the loaded SS-MIs, and 3.91% of C in the loaded Ti-MIs.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on the findings of this in vitro study, it seems that SS-MIs offer sufficient stability and exhibit greater mechanical strength, compared to Ti-MIs when inserted into higher density bone.
Topics: Titanium; Torque; Stainless Steel; Surface Properties; Flexural Strength; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Dental Implants; Materials Testing; Dental Alloys; In Vitro Techniques; Spectrometry, X-Ray Emission; Dental Stress Analysis; Humans; Stress, Mechanical; Bone Density
PubMed: 38775601
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.29.2.e2423282.oar -
International Journal of Oral Science Mar 2013This paper aims to investigate if the dental restoration of nickel-chromium based alloy (Ni-Cr) leads to the enhanced excretions of Ni and Cr in urine. Seven hundred and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This paper aims to investigate if the dental restoration of nickel-chromium based alloy (Ni-Cr) leads to the enhanced excretions of Ni and Cr in urine. Seven hundred and ninety-five patients in a dental hospital had single or multiple Ni-Cr alloy restoration recently and 198 controls were recruited to collect information on dental restoration by questionnaire and clinical examination. Urinary concentrations of Ni and Cr from each subject were measure by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Compared to the control group, the urinary level of Ni was significantly higher in the patient group of <1 month of the restoration duration, among which higher Ni excretions were found in those with either a higher number of teeth replaced by dental alloys or a higher index of metal crown not covered with the porcelain. Urinary levels of Cr were significantly higher in the three patient groups of <1, 1 to <3 and 3 to <6 months, especially in those with a higher metal crown exposure index. Linear curve estimations showed better relationships between urinary Ni and Cr in patients within 6-month groups. Our data suggested significant increased excretions of urinary Ni and Cr after dental restoration. Potential short- and long-term effects of Ni-Cr alloy restoration need to be investigated.
Topics: Adult; Chromium; Chromium Alloys; Creatinine; Crowns; Dental Porcelain; Female; Humans; Male; Metal Ceramic Alloys; Middle Aged; Nickel; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Surface Properties; Time Factors
PubMed: 23579466
DOI: 10.1038/ijos.2013.13