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BMC Oral Health Mar 2020Early childhood caries (ECC) affects millions of children up to 6 years old. Its treatment positively impacts the quality of life of children and their families.... (Review)
Review
Recommended procedures for the management of early childhood caries lesions - a scoping review by the Children Experiencing Dental Anxiety: Collaboration on Research and Education (CEDACORE).
BACKGROUND
Early childhood caries (ECC) affects millions of children up to 6 years old. Its treatment positively impacts the quality of life of children and their families. However, there is no consensus on how to treat ECC. Thus, we performed a scoping review to identify the recommended procedures for the management of ECC lesions.
METHODS
A search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, The International Guideline Library and pediatric dentistry associations around the world were contacted by email for unpublished search documents. ECC guidelines/guidance/policies were considered eligible regardless of language and publication date.
RESULTS
From a total of 828 references, 52 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 22 included in the scoping review. We found different procedures recommendations for the management of ECC lesions. For incipient lesions, minimally invasive methods such as professional fluoride and cariostatic (silver diamine) applications, as well as surveillance were recommended. If restoration was required, the recommended materials were glass ionomer cement, composite resin, amalgam and stainless-steel crown. Interim restorations and Atraumatic Restorative Treatment (ART) were also recommended. Extractions have been suggested for teeth with lesions with pulpal involvement, depending on the child's behaviour and other clinical conditions.
CONCLUSIONS
Non-operative procedures, restorative and extraction were recommended for the management of ECC, depending on the extent of the lesions. There is no difference between different management guidelines/guidance/policies for ECC lesions.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Anxiety; Dental Atraumatic Restorative Treatment; Dental Caries; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Quality of Life
PubMed: 32183770
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01067-w -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2020Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of music at 432 Hz, 440 Hz, and no music on the clinical perception of anxiety and salivary cortisol levels in... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Objective The aim of this study was to compare the effects of music at 432 Hz, 440 Hz, and no music on the clinical perception of anxiety and salivary cortisol levels in patients undergoing tooth extraction. Methodology A parallel-group randomized clinical trial was conducted. Forty-two patients (average age: 23.8±7.8 years, 27 women) with a moderate level of anxiety were distributed in three groups: use of music for 15 minutes at a frequency of 432 Hz (n=15), at 440 Hz (n=15) and a control group without music (n=12). The CORAH Dental Anxiety Scale and salivary cortisol levels, estimated by the solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were measured and compared before and after the music intervention between groups (two-way ANOVA-Tukey p<0.05, RStudio). Results Significantly lower anxiety level values were observed at 432 Hz (8.7±2.67) and 440 Hz (8.4±2.84) compared to the control group (17.2±4.60; p<0.05). The salivary cortisol level at 432 Hz (0.49±0.37 μg/dL) was significantly lower than 440 Hz (1.35±0.69 μg/dL) and the control group (1.59±0.7 μg/dL; p<0.05). Conclusion The use of music significantly decreased clinical anxiety levels, and the frequency of 432 Hz was effective in decreasing salivary cortisol levels before tooth extraction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Dental Anxiety; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Music; Music Therapy; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Statistics, Nonparametric; Stress, Psychological; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tooth Extraction; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 32401941
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2019-0601 -
Stomatologija 2017Authors developed an idea of seven blocks with different psychosocial factors that could correlate with children's dental anxiety and explain its variance. Aim of the...
Authors developed an idea of seven blocks with different psychosocial factors that could correlate with children's dental anxiety and explain its variance. Aim of the study was to evaluate correlation between psychosocial factors and children's dental anxiety. Totally, 240 randomly selected children (mean age M=7.96, SD=2.61, range 4 to 12) and their parents took part in the study. Parents evaluated their own (MDAS) and their children's anxiety (CFSS-DS). Psychosocial factors were evaluated by a large questionnaire, developed for this study. Dental status was fixed and child's behavior in dental setting was evaluated with Frankl's scale. Pearson's correlation of CDA with all variables and stepwise linear regression with the correlating variables within the seven psychosocial factor blocks was performed. Dental experience and attitude factors (crying at dentist and dental treatment with difficulties) as well as Children's personality and behavior factors (general anxiety and children's behavior at dentist) gave the most effect on CDA, totally explaining 56% and 54% of variance, respectively. Children's medical experience and attitude factors (anxiety and caution towards doctors) as well as Parental/information factors (parental dental anxiety, promising prizes before treatment) explained 34% and 31% of CDA variance, respectively. Socio-economic factors (number of children and mother's age) explained 15%, but oral care habits and attitude (brushing as obligation) - 14% of CDA variance. Family distress factors had no correlation with CDA and were excluded of further analysis. Children's dental anxiety variance is at best explained by Child's dental experience and attitude factors and Child's personality and behavior factors.
Topics: Attitude to Health; Child; Child Behavior; Child, Preschool; Dental Anxiety; Dental Care for Children; Family; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Personality
PubMed: 29339671
DOI: No ID Found -
Prilozi (Makedonska Akademija Na... May 2019Fearful and anxious behaviour is especially common in children, when they come across new situations and experiences. The difference between normal worry and an anxiety...
BACKGROUND
Fearful and anxious behaviour is especially common in children, when they come across new situations and experiences. The difference between normal worry and an anxiety disorder is in the severity and in the interference with everyday life and normal developmental steps. Many longitudinal studies in children suggest that anxiety disorders are relatively stable over time and predict anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescence and adulthood. For this reason, the early diagnostic and treatment are needed. Researchers supposed that anxiety is a result of repeated stress. Additionally, some genetic, neurobiological, developmental factors are also involved in the aetiology.
METHODS AND SUBJECTS
The aim of this article is to summarize and to present our own results obtained with the assessment and treatment of different forms of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents such as: Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Dental anxiety, General Anxiety Disorder (GAD), and Anxious-phobic syndrome. Some results are published separately in different journals. a) Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in 10 young children aged 9 ± 2, 05 y. is evaluated and discussed concerning the attachment quality. b) The group with OCD comprises 20 patients, mean age 14,5 ± 2,2 years, evaluated with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Child behaviour Checklist (CBCL), K-SADS (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School age children), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), SCWT (Stroop Colour Word task), WCST (Wisconsin Card Scoring test). c) Dental stress is evaluated in a group of 50 patients; mean age for girls 11,4 ± 2,4 years; for boys 10,7 ± 2,6 years, evaluated with (General Anxiety Scale (GASC), and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). d) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) profiles obtained for General Anxiety Disorder in 20 young females and 15 males aged 25,7± 5,35 years, and a group with Panic attack syndrome N=15 aged 19,3±4,9 years are presented and discussed by comparison of the results for healthy people. e) Heart Rate Variability (HRV) was applied for assessment and treatment in 15 anxious-phobic patients, mean age 12, 5±2,25 years and results are compared with other groups of mental disorder.
RESULTS
Children with PTSD showed a high level of anxiety and stress, somatization and behavioural problems (aggression, impulsivity, non-obedience and nightmares), complemented by hypersensitive and depressed mothers and misattachment in the early period of infancy. Consequently, the explanation of the early predisposition to PTSD was related to be the non-developed Right Orbital Cortex. The later resulted from insecure attachment confirmed in all examined children. The obtained neuropsychological profile of children with OCD confirmed a clear presence of obsessions and compulsions, average intellectual capacities, but the absence of depressive symptoms. Executive functions were investigated through Event Related Potentials on Go/NoGo tasks. Results showed that no significant clinical manifestations of cognitive dysfunction among children with OCD in the early stage of the disorder are present, but it could be expected to be appearing in the later stage of the disorder if it is no treated. In a study of 50 children randomly selected, two psychometric instruments were applied for measuring general anxiety and personal characteristics. It was confirmed that there was presence of significant anxiety level (evaluated with GASC) among children undergoing dental intervention. The difference in anxiety scores between girls and boys was also confirmed (girls having higher scores for anxiety). Results obtained with EPQ showed low psychopathological traits, moderate extraversion and neuroticism, but accentuated insincerity (L scale). L scales are lower by increasing of age, but P scores rise with age, which can be related to puberty. No correlation was found between personality traits and anxiety except for neuroticism, which is positively correlated with the level of anxiety. The obtained profiles for MMPI-201 in a group of patients with general anxiety are presented as a figure. Females showed only Hy peak, but in the normal range. However, statistics confirmed significant difference between scores in anxiety group and control (t= 2, 25164; p= 0, 038749). Males showed Hs-Hy-Pt peaks with higher (pathological) scores, related to hypersensitivity of the autonomic nervous system, as well as with manifested anxiety. Calculation confirmed significant difference between control and anxiety in men (t= 15.13, p=0.000). Additionally, MMPI profiles for patients with attack panic syndrome are also presented as a figure. Control scales for females showed typical V form (scales 1 and 3) related to conversing tendencies. In addition, females showed peaks on Pt-Sc scales, but in normal ranges. Pathological profile is obtained in males, with Hy-Sc peaks; this profile corresponds to persons with regressive characteristics, emotionally instable and with accentuated social withdraw. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a measure of the beat to beat variability in heart rate, related to the work of autonomic nervous system. It may serve as a psychophysiological indicator for arousal, emotional state and stress level. We used HRV in both, the assessment and biofeedback training, in a group of anxious-phobic and obsessive-compulsive school children. Results obtained with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire showed significantly higher psychopathological traits, higher neuroticism and lower lie scores. After 15 session HRV training very satisfying results for diminishing stress and anxiety were obtained.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Dental Anxiety; Depressive Disorder; Epilepsy, Post-Traumatic; Fear; Female; Humans; Male; Neuroticism; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Phobic Disorders; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Young Adult
PubMed: 31152643
DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2019-0001 -
BMC Oral Health Dec 2022Oral health is often poorer in people living with acquired brain injury relative to non-clinical controls. However, although anxiety disorders become more common...
BACKGROUND
Oral health is often poorer in people living with acquired brain injury relative to non-clinical controls. However, although anxiety disorders become more common following stroke, no study to date has tested whether dental anxiety might contribute to stroke survivors' increased vulnerability to poorer oral health. This pilot study reports the first test of whether the anxiety disturbances that commonly present following stroke extend to dental anxiety, and if dental anxiety in this group is linked to poorer oral health.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
First-time stroke survivors (N = 35) and demographically matched controls (N = 35) completed validated measures of dental anxiety, oral health, negative affect, and life satisfaction.
RESULTS
Stroke survivors did not differ from controls in their overall levels of dental anxiety or oral health, but uniquely for the stroke group, dental anxiety was strongly associated with poorer oral health, and this effect remained significant even after controlling for negative affect and life satisfaction.
CONCLUSION
Stroke survivors who have higher levels of dental-related anxiety may be at increased risk of poorer oral health.
Topics: Humans; Pilot Projects; Oral Health; Dental Anxiety; Stroke; Survivors
PubMed: 36463139
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02618-z -
Anesthesia Progress Sep 2022Dental fear screening is an important part of providing a positive pediatric dental experience. To improve efficiency, the development of a single-item dental fear...
OBJECTIVE
Dental fear screening is an important part of providing a positive pediatric dental experience. To improve efficiency, the development of a single-item dental fear assessment tool for children has been desired. In this psychometric analysis, the reliability and validity of the Dental Anxiety Question (DAQ) is studied when used in children aged 7 to 18 years.
METHODS
Participants completed the DAQ (pre-tx-DAQ), the Children's Fear Survey Schedule-Dental Subscale (CFSS-DS), and a demographic information questionnaire before treatment. Participants repeated the DAQ after treatment (post-tx-DAQ) and once more at least 2 weeks later (follow-up-DAQ). Stability reliability within the DAQ scores and criterion validity with the CFSS-DS were evaluated.
RESULTS
Stability reliability analyses between pre-tx-DAQ/post-tx-DAQ and post-tx-DAQ/follow-up-DAQ demonstrated significant positive correlations: Spearman rank correlation coefficient (rs) = 0.420, rs2 = 0.18, P < .001, and rs = 0.563, rs2 = 0.32, P < .001, respectively. Criterion validity analysis between the pre-tx-DAQ and CFSS-DS also demonstrated a significant correlation: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) = 0.584, r2 = 0.34, P < .001.
CONCLUSION
The stability reliability and criterion validity of the DAQ was proved among children.
Topics: Benzoquinones; Child; Child Behavior; Dental Anxiety; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36223195
DOI: 10.2344/anpr-69-01-04 -
BMC Pediatrics Dec 2023Children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was frequently experienced dental anxiety and uncooperative behaviors during dental treatment. Oral health care was...
BACKGROUND
Children with Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was frequently experienced dental anxiety and uncooperative behaviors during dental treatment. Oral health care was necessary because of the poor oral hygiene and prevalent dental diseases in this population.
AIM
In this systematic review, we evaluated the effectiveness and feasibility for pediatric dentist to manage the dental anxiety in children with ASD.
DESIGN
PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library were systematically performed on the literature search. The date of eligible publications was from inception to January 2023. After that, the quality of eligible studies was assessed by the Newcastle Ottawa Scale (NOS). Review findings were summarized using the PRISMA Statement for reporting.
RESULTS
A total of six studies were systematically evaluated according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Five studies were conducted to evaluate ASD Children's anxiety and uncooperative performance in the progressive oral examination, oral disease prophylaxis and fluoride application. The other one study evaluated the success rate of treatment in decayed permanent tooth treatment. In the included studies, four studies indicated that it was extremely necessary to reduce dental anxiety of ASD children to increase the cooperation in sensory-adapted dental environment (SADE).
CONCLUSION
It is not always effective and feasible for pediatric dentist to manage the dental anxiety in children with autism during routine oral examination. Meanwhile, it is necessary for ASD children to conduct preoperative psychological assessment, to investigate parents' expectations and cooperation, and to determine whether to start corresponding dental treatment.
Topics: Humans; Child; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Dental Anxiety; Oral Health; Delivery of Health Care; Autistic Disorder
PubMed: 38049774
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04439-7 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2021Dental anxiety continues to be a widespread problem affecting adult populations. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Lebanese...
BACKGROUND
Dental anxiety continues to be a widespread problem affecting adult populations. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Lebanese Arabic version of the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS-A) and to identify the optimal cut-off for assessing dental anxiety and dental phobia among adults in Lebanon. In addition, we sought to assess dental anxiety and phobia as well as their correlates among Lebanese adult patients.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 451 dental adult patients aged between 18 and 65 years old. Information about demographic characteristics, previous bad dental experience, trauma's experience period, perception of a periodontal problem, sensation of nausea during dental treatment, the MDAS-A scale, and the Visual Analogue Scale for anxiety (VAS-A) were collected.
RESULTS
MDAS-A exhibited evidence of adequate psychometric properties. The optimal cut-off was 12 for dental anxiety and 14 for dental phobia. Out of the total sample, 31.5% suffered from dental anxiety while 22.4% had a dental phobia. Multivariable analysis showed that the odds of dental anxiety and phobia were higher among females compared to males. Also, patients suffering from periodontal problem perceptions, bad dental experiences during childhood and adolescence, and the sensation of nausea during dental treatment were at a higher risk of developing dental anxiety and phobia compared to their counterparts. However, a higher level of education was found to be a protective factor against dental phobia among Lebanese adult patients.
CONCLUSION
The MDAS-A scale is a suitable tool for the routine assessment of dental anxiety and phobia among Lebanese adult patients. Identifying patients with dental anxiety at the earliest opportunity is of utmost importance for delivering successful dental care.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Anxiety; Female; Humans; Lebanon; Male; Middle Aged; Psychometrics; Visual Analog Scale; Young Adult
PubMed: 33541354
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01409-2 -
International Dental Journal Apr 2022Access to oral care during pregnancy is important for the maintenance of optimal oral health.
INTRODUCTION
Access to oral care during pregnancy is important for the maintenance of optimal oral health.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to estimate dental anxiety (DA) and its association with previous dental visits and sociodemographic factors amongst pregnant women.
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted (June through August 2019) amongst pregnant women (N = 825) attending hospitals and health centres in Dhahran, Khobar, and Dammam cities in the Eastern province of Saudi Arabia. The Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS) was used to assess DA and the World Health Organization Oral Health Survey for Adults was administered to evaluate patterns of dental attendance.
RESULTS
DA was found in 90.9% of the pregnant women. The mean DA score of the sample was 12.53 ± 5.33 (range, 5 to 25) and it was significantly higher amongst non-Saudi (13.21 ± 5.24) vs Saudi women (12.15 ± 5.34) (P = .006), those who had negative dental experience (13.99 ± 5.62) vs those without such experience (12.2 ± 5.21) (P < .001), and those with dental pain or discomfort (13.18 ± 5.46) vs without pain or discomfort (11.94 ± 5.14) (P = .001). The study found a significant relationship between DA and reasons for dental attendance before pregnancy (P = .002) and time since the last dental visit (P = .009). Multiple logistic regression analysis showed significantly increased odds (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 1.25 to 2.27) of experiencing moderate to extreme DA amongst pregnant women who visited the dentist after a year/never visited compared to those who visited in less than a year. Similarly, participants with negative dental experience were significantly more likely to have moderate to extreme DA (OR, 1.49; 95% CI, 1.02 to 2.20) than those without negative experience after adjusting for sociodemographic factors.
CONCLUSIONS
DA was highly prevalent amongst pregnant women, which was significantly associated with negative dental experience, dental pain or discomfort, and reasons for and time since the last dental visit.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Anxiety; Female; Humans; Oral Health; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Sociodemographic Factors
PubMed: 34253341
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.05.007 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022This study aimed to investigate the association between dental anxiety (DA) and oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among rural community-dwelling older...
This study aimed to investigate the association between dental anxiety (DA) and oral-health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among rural community-dwelling older adults. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 390 rural community-dwelling older adults attending outpatient clinics of the Damanhur National Medical Institute during the year 2021. Three instruments were used: a demographic and clinical data structured interview schedule, Modified Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS), and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-5) questionnaire. All statistical analyses were considered significant at a -value of ≤0.001. : The main results showed that the prevalence of DA among participants was 90.5%, and 66.9% of the studied elderly population were either extremely (phobic) or very anxious. Moreover, a significant association was found between older adults' DA and their OHRQoL ( ˂ 0.001). It was concluded that DA represents a common problem among rural community-dwelling older adults and is a predictor for poor OHRQoL. Raising community awareness about the importance of oral health and implementing measures to avoid DA through specialized community campaigns is recommended, particularly in rural areas.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Anxiety; Humans; Independent Living; Oral Health; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35805302
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137643