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Genes Apr 2019The concept of the human oral microbiome was applied to understand health and disease, lifestyles, and dietary habits throughout part of human history. In the present...
The concept of the human oral microbiome was applied to understand health and disease, lifestyles, and dietary habits throughout part of human history. In the present study, we augment the understanding of ancient oral microbiomes by characterizing human dental calculus samples recovered from the ancient Abbey of Badia Pozzeveri (central Italy), with differences in socioeconomic status, time period, burial type, and sex. Samples dating from the Middle Ages (11th century) to the Industrial Revolution era (19th century) were characterized using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene V4 region. Consistent with previous studies, individuals from Badia Pozzeveri possessed commensal oral bacteria that resembled modern oral microbiomes. These results suggest that members of the oral microbiome are ubiquitous despite differences in geographical regions, time period, sex, and socioeconomic status. The presence of fecal bacteria could be in agreement with poor hygiene practices, consistent with the time period. Respiratory tract, nosocomial, and other rare pathogens detected in the dental calculus samples are intriguing and could suggest subject-specific comorbidities that could be reflected in the oral microbiome.
Topics: Adult; Archaeology; Bacteria; Dental Calculus; Feces; Female; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; History, 15th Century; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, Medieval; Humans; Italy; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Symbiosis; Young Adult
PubMed: 31013797
DOI: 10.3390/genes10040299 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022is a reported calcifying bacterium that can usually be isolated from dental calculus and induce mineralization . In recent years, based on hybridization probe and... (Review)
Review
is a reported calcifying bacterium that can usually be isolated from dental calculus and induce mineralization . In recent years, based on hybridization probe and sequencing technology, researchers have discovered the central "pillar" role of in supragingival plaque, and many studies focused on bacterial interactions in the biofilm structure dominated by have been conducted. Besides, seems to be an indicator of "caries-free" oral status according to imaging and sequencing studies. Therefore, in this review, we summarize 's role in supragingival plaque based on the structure, interactions, and potential connections with oral diseases.
PubMed: 35875585
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.940643 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Aug 2022Aragonite from animal origin such as cuttlefish bone powder is an abrasive with hardness properties ideal for calculus removal. The purpose of this randomized controlled... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVES
Aragonite from animal origin such as cuttlefish bone powder is an abrasive with hardness properties ideal for calculus removal. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to test the efficacy of a cuttlebone-derived aragonite toothpaste in removing dental calculus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Eighty-one patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were blindly and randomly assigned into two study groups. The intervention treatment group (n = 40) received cuttlebone toothpaste (Dr. D-Tart) and the control group (n = 41) received an off-the-shelf commercial toothpaste (Crest). Evaluations were performed before and after scaling and polishing procedures done at 3 months in order to evaluate the toothpaste's ability to remove calculus and to prevent calculus formation. Calculus, stains, plaque, and gingival indices scores, and patient satisfaction surveys were compared at baseline (first visit), 3, and 9 months, using generalized linear models and Wald's χ test.
RESULTS
At the end of the 3-month period, the intervention group showed a 30% reduction in total calculus compared to the baseline score (p = .0006) and 45% less total calculus compared to the control group (p = .0001). Six months after scaling, the mean calculus score for Crest users was 42% higher than that for Dr. D-Tart users (p = .0692). There was a significant improvement in the gingival health of cuttlebone toothpaste users at the observed intervals, and both kinds of toothpaste achieved comparable results in terms of plaque and stains removal.
CONCLUSIONS
Aragonite toothpaste can remove calculus, prevent calculus formation, and improve gingival health. Patients are generally satisfied with the performance of the aragonite toothpaste.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Animal-derived aragonite toothpaste (Dr. D-Tart) shows promising efficacy in removing calculus, preventing calculus formation, and for the improvement of gingival health.
CLINICAL TRIAL ID
A08-M35-16B.
Topics: Calcium Carbonate; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Gingivitis; Humans; Toothpastes
PubMed: 35419985
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.559 -
Journal of the American Dental... May 1995Does reduction of supragingival calculus provide only a cosmetic effect, or does it benefit oral health as well? The author discusses the causes and effects of calculus... (Review)
Review
Does reduction of supragingival calculus provide only a cosmetic effect, or does it benefit oral health as well? The author discusses the causes and effects of calculus development and reviews methods of calculus control.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Dental Calculus; Dental Caries; Diphosphates; Female; Gingivitis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; United States
PubMed: 7759682
DOI: 10.14219/jada.archive.1995.0235 -
Molecular Biology and Evolution Oct 2020Dental calculus, the calcified form of the mammalian oral microbial plaque biofilm, is a rich source of oral microbiome, host, and dietary biomolecules and is well...
Dental calculus, the calcified form of the mammalian oral microbial plaque biofilm, is a rich source of oral microbiome, host, and dietary biomolecules and is well preserved in museum and archaeological specimens. Despite its wide presence in mammals, to date, dental calculus has primarily been used to study primate microbiome evolution. We establish dental calculus as a valuable tool for the study of nonhuman host microbiome evolution, by using shotgun metagenomics to characterize the taxonomic and functional composition of the oral microbiome in species as diverse as gorillas, bears, and reindeer. We detect oral pathogens in individuals with evidence of oral disease, assemble near-complete bacterial genomes from historical specimens, characterize antibiotic resistance genes, reconstruct components of the host diet, and recover host genetic profiles. Our work demonstrates that metagenomic analyses of dental calculus can be performed on a diverse range of mammalian species, which will allow the study of oral microbiome and pathogen evolution from a comparative perspective. As dental calculus is readily preserved through time, it can also facilitate the quantification of the impact of anthropogenic changes on wildlife and the environment.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Dental Calculus; Diet; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Gorilla gorilla; Mammals; Metagenome; Microbiota; Mouth; Reindeer; Ursidae
PubMed: 32467975
DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa135 -
Australian Dental Journal Mar 2021This study investigated the possible correlations between patient-performed implant hygiene and peri-implant success and disease, as well as patient-reported outcomes,...
BACKGROUND
This study investigated the possible correlations between patient-performed implant hygiene and peri-implant success and disease, as well as patient-reported outcomes, in a community-based cohort.
METHODS
Fifty-one patients (78 implants) from two private general practices were surveyed on their dental implant treatment history, oral hygiene instructions (OHI) received, home hygiene habits and current implant concerns. Their dentition, plaque/calculus scores and clinical implant parameters were examined. Correlations between hygiene habits, risk factors, implant success and peri-implant disease rates were assessed.
RESULTS
Implants had a patient-reported mean time in function of 6.7 years. Floss (74.4%), interdental brushes (IDB) (44.9%) and mouthwash (39.7%) were commonly used, while 7.7% of implants were only cleaned by brushing. Over half (56.4%) of implants fulfilled the success criteria, 61.5% had peri-implant health, 24.4% had mucositis and 7.7% had peri-implantitis. Only brushing (P < 0.001) and detectable plaque/calculus (P < 0.001) were significantly associated with more peri-implant disease. Local prosthetic factors affecting cleaning accessibility significantly reduced implant success (P < 0.001). Patients reported mixed recall of implant OHI, 7.7% of implants were aesthetically unsatisfactory and 9.0% had peri-implant symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Lack of interproximal cleaning and the presence of plaque/calculus were significantly associated with peri-implant disease in a community-based general practice setting, and patients reported mixed recall of OHI.
Topics: Dental Implants; Humans; Oral Hygiene; Patient Reported Outcome Measures; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontal Index
PubMed: 33174206
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12806 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Sep 2023To investigate the dental caries status and periodontal status of disabled children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years in China and provide suggestions for future...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the dental caries status and periodontal status of disabled children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years in China and provide suggestions for future policies.
METHODS
The cross-sectional survey included disabled children and adolescents aged 0 to 18 years in welfare institutions across 10 provinces in eastern, central and western regions in China, between November 2013 and May 2015. Oral health examination included dental caries status and periodontal status. The mean score for decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft/ DMFT) due to caries in primary/permanent dentition, gingival bleeding rate and calculus rate were recorded and statistically evaluated. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 24.0 software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA), and the level of statistical significance was P < 0.05.
RESULTS
The mean dmft/DMFT values of for groups aged 0 to 5, 6 to 12 and 13 to 18 years were 1.48 ± 3.00, 2.19 ± 2.94 and 1.78 ± 2.93, respectively. The mean scores for the groups aged 0 to 5 (P < 0.05) and 13 to 18 years (P < 0.01) showed a significant difference among different disability types. A significant difference between sexes was found only in the group aged 0 to 5 years (P < 0.05). Gingival bleeding rates were 13.70% for the group aged 0 to 5 years, 24.81% for the group aged 6 to 12 years and 42.06% for the group aged 13 to 18 years, and calculus rates were 5.48%, 22.41% and 47.62% for the three age groups, respectively. The gingival bleeding rate for all three age groups showed a significant difference between different disability types (P < 0.01), whereas calculus rates a showed significant difference only in the groups aged 6 to 12 and 13 to 18 years (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
The prevalence of dental caries, gingival bleeding and calculus in disabled children and adolescents in China is high. Disability type was strongly associated with oral health status. Specially designed oral health education and training are necessary for clinical professionals and caregivers.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Disabled Children; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Oral Health; China; Gingival Hemorrhage
PubMed: 37732683
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b4330833 -
Ayu 2020Dental calculus is one of the major problems in dentistry, which is characterized by calcified mass that forms on and adheres to the surface of teeth resulting in bad...
BACKGROUND
Dental calculus is one of the major problems in dentistry, which is characterized by calcified mass that forms on and adheres to the surface of teeth resulting in bad breath, receding gums and chronically inflamed gingiva. It can be correlated with (dental calculus), which is characterized by the collection of hardened accumulation of (tartar) at the junction of teeth and gums. Ultrasonic scalars are used for the removal of dental calculus for convenience. In texts, (powder of Kerr) has been mentioned as (wound healing) and indicated for the eliminating plaque through cleaning and polishing tooth surfaces.
AIM
This study was aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of local application of and (honey) after (scaling of dental calculus) in the management of (dental calculus).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Patients having calculus deposition, fulfilling the inclusion criteria were selected. In group A, with (powder) 1 g and as per requirement was given, whereas in group B, chlor-hexidine gluconate 0.2% for gargling was given for 2 weeks. Ultrasonic scaling was done in both groups before given trial drugs. The outcomes were calculated on the base on changes in score of the subjective parameters like pain, inflammation of gum, bleeding gums, halitosis as well as objective parameters like oral hygiene index, debris index, calculus index, gingival index, and periodontal index. For analysing the effect of the result, Wilcoxon signed-rank test for nonparametric paired data and paired -test for quantitative parametric paired data was applied.
RESULTS
After analysing the data, it was found that Ultrasonic scaling of dental calculus followed by of honey with provided statistically significant improvement in calculus index (97.77%) in debris index (84.44%), in oral hygiene index(96.66%), in gingival index (83.33%)and showed 96.15% improvement in periodontal index, whereas Ultrasonic scaling of dental calculus followed by gargling with chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% provided 80% improvement in calculus index, 70% in debris index, 90% in oral hygiene index, in gingival index by 73.06%, and 93.75% improvement periodontal index which was statistically significant.
CONCLUSION
The present study indicates followed by of and is comparatively more effective than conventional standard treatment protocol (ultrasonic scaling and chlorhexidine gluconate mouth wash) in the management of dental calculus.
PubMed: 35370378
DOI: 10.4103/ayu.AYU_274_20 -
BMC Oral Health Apr 2023Visual or hearing impairments in students seriously affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify oral hygiene status and its influencing factors...
BACKGROUND
Visual or hearing impairments in students seriously affect their quality of life. The aim of this study was to identify oral hygiene status and its influencing factors on visual or hearing impairments in students in Northeast China.
METHODS
This study was conducted in May 2022. A total of 118 visually impaired students and 56 hearing impaired students from Northeast China were included in this study via census. Oral examinations and questionnaire-based surveys of students and their teachers were conducted. The oral examinations included caries experience, prevalence of gingival bleeding and dental calculus. The questionnaires included three parts: Social demographics (residence, sex and race) and parents' educational level; Oral hygiene habits and medical treatment behaviors; Knowledge and attitudes towards oral health care. This questionnaire was selected from the Fourth China National Oral Health Survey and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were previously tested. T tests, one-way ANOVA, χ tests and multivariate logistic analyses were conducted to evaluate the differences and dependent variables of dental caries.
RESULTS
The prevalence of dental caries in visually impaired and hearing impaired students were 66.10% and 66.07%. The mean number of DMFT, prevalence of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in visually impaired students were 2.71 ± 3.06, 52.08% and 59.38%, respectively. The mean number of DMFT, prevalence of gingival bleeding and dental calculus in hearing impaired students were 2.57 ± 2.83, 17.86% and 42.86%, respectively. The results of the multivariate logistic analysis showed that fluoride use and parents' educational background had an impact on the caries experience of visually impaired students. The daily toothbrushing frequency and parents' educational background had an impact on the caries experience of hearing impaired students.
CONCLUSIONS
The oral health situation of students with visual or hearing impairments remains severe. It is still necessary to promote oral and general health in this population.
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Dental Caries; Quality of Life; Dental Calculus; Reproducibility of Results; Students; Hearing Loss; China; Prevalence; DMF Index; Health Status
PubMed: 37101257
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02923-1 -
Microbiome Sep 2021Dental calculus (mineralised dental plaque) preserves many types of microfossils and biomolecules, including microbial and host DNA, and ancient calculus are thus an...
BACKGROUND
Dental calculus (mineralised dental plaque) preserves many types of microfossils and biomolecules, including microbial and host DNA, and ancient calculus are thus an important source of information regarding our ancestral human oral microbiome. In this study, we taxonomically characterised the dental calculus microbiome from 20 ancient human skeletal remains originating from Trentino-South Tyrol, Italy, dating from the Neolithic (6000-3500 BCE) to the Early Middle Ages (400-1000 CE).
RESULTS
We found a high abundance of the archaeal genus Methanobrevibacter in the calculus. However, only a fraction of the sequences showed high similarity to Methanobrevibacter oralis, the only described Methanobrevibacter species in the human oral microbiome so far. To further investigate the diversity of this genus, we used de novo metagenome assembly to reconstruct 11 Methanobrevibacter genomes from the ancient calculus samples. Besides the presence of M. oralis in one of the samples, our phylogenetic analysis revealed two hitherto uncharacterised and unnamed oral Methanobrevibacter species that are prevalent in ancient calculus samples sampled from a broad range of geographical locations and time periods.
CONCLUSIONS
We have shown the potential of using de novo metagenomic assembly on ancient samples to explore microbial diversity and evolution. Our study suggests that there has been a possible shift in the human oral microbiome member Methanobrevibacter over the last millennia. Video abstract.
Topics: Archaea; Dental Calculus; Humans; Metagenome; Methanobrevibacter; Middle Aged; Phylogeny
PubMed: 34593021
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-021-01132-8