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Dental Materials Journal Oct 2022The aim of this study was to evaluate the maximum amount of chlorhexidine (CHX) that could be incorporated to self-adhesive resin cements to add antibacterial effect...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the maximum amount of chlorhexidine (CHX) that could be incorporated to self-adhesive resin cements to add antibacterial effect without affecting the physical properties. The CHX was incorporated into a commercial self-adhesive resin cement at mass fractions of 0.5-15 wt%, and the CHX-release profile, antibacterial effect, flexural and bond strengths of experimental cements were evaluated. Increasing the CHX content from 5 to 15 wt% resulted in a higher released concentration of CHX. In agar diffusion tests, experimental cements containing 5, 10, and 15 wt% CHX produced inhibition zones against oral bacteria. In flexural strength and shear bond strength to dentin, no significant reduction was observed with the incorporation of 5 wt% CHX. This in vitro study suggests that the addition of 5 wt% CHX yielded an antibacterial self-adhesive cement and had no adverse effect on the flexural and shear bond strengths.
Topics: Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlorhexidine; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dentin; Materials Testing; Resin Cements
PubMed: 35584938
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-004 -
F1000Research 2023To investigate and compare the effect of four commercially used dental cement at 24 hours, 48 hours,72 hours (h) and 6 days on the cellular response of human gingival...
BACKGROUND
To investigate and compare the effect of four commercially used dental cement at 24 hours, 48 hours,72 hours (h) and 6 days on the cellular response of human gingival fibroblast (HGF).
METHODS
3 cement pellet samples were made for each 4-test cement (n=12). The cement used for this study were zinc phosphate (ZP), zinc oxide non-eugenol (ZOE), RelyX U200 (RU200), and glass ionomer cement (GIC). The cytotoxicity of peri-implant tissues was investigated using one commercial cell line. All processing was done following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods 10993-5 and 10993-12 (MTT assay Test). Cell cultures without dental cement were considered as control. Standard laboratory procedures were followed to permit cell growth and confluence over 48 hrs after sub-cultivation. Before being subjected to analysis, the cells were kept in direct contact with the cement samples for the suggested time period. To validate the results the specimens were tested three times each. Cell death and inhibition of cell growth were measured quantitatively. Results were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA (a=0.05) followed by Tukey B post hoc test.
RESULTS
The study showed the dental cement test material was cytotoxic. ZOE, ZP, GIC, and RU200 were cytotoxic in decreasing order, respectively, significantly reducing cell viability after exposure to HGF (p <0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this in-vitro cellular study, results indicated that HGF were vulnerable to the test the dental cement. The highest cytotoxicity was observed in ZOE, followed by ZP, GIC, and RU200.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Dental Implants; Time Factors; Cell Proliferation; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38826571
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140071.2 -
Acta Biomaterialia Mar 2017Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) have seen clinical success in many dental and orthopaedic applications in recent years. The properties of CPC essential for clinical... (Review)
Review
UNLABELLED
Calcium phosphate cements (CPC) have seen clinical success in many dental and orthopaedic applications in recent years. The properties of CPC essential for clinical success are reviewed in this article, which includes properties of the set cement (e.g. bioresorbability, biocompatibility, porosity and mechanical properties) and unset cement (e.g. setting time, cohesion, flow properties and ease of delivery to the surgical site). Emphasis is on the delivery of calcium phosphate (CaP) pastes and CPC, in particular the occurrence of separation of the liquid and solid components of the pastes and cements during injection; and established methods to reduce this phase separation. In addition a review of phase separation mechanisms observed during the extrusion of other biphasic paste systems and the theoretical models used to describe these mechanisms are discussed.
STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE
Occurrence of phase separation of calcium phosphate pastes and cements during injection limits their full exploitation as a bone substitute in minimally invasive surgical applications. Due to lack of theoretical understanding of the phase separation mechanism(s), optimisation of an injectable CPC that satisfies clinical requirements has proven difficult. However, phase separation of pastes during delivery has been the focus across several research fields. Therefore in addition to a review of methods to reduce phase separation of CPC and the associated constraints, a review of phase separation mechanisms observed during extrusion of other pastes and the theoretical models used to describe these mechanisms is presented. It is anticipated this review will benefit future attempts to develop injectable calcium phosphate based systems.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Cements; Calcium Phosphates; Dental Cements; Humans; Porosity
PubMed: 27838464
DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.019 -
BMC Oral Health May 2023Enhancement of students' knowledge is essential in improving their clinical skills and performance. Thus, the curriculum should be prepared to achieve a better outcome....
BACKGROUND
Enhancement of students' knowledge is essential in improving their clinical skills and performance. Thus, the curriculum should be prepared to achieve a better outcome. The current study aimed to determine the dental students' and interns' basic knowledge towards dental luting cements and their application in dental practice to improve the theoretical and clinical training sections.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental students and interns at three Colleges of Dentistry in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia between September 2019-June 2020. An online questionnaire was used which included demographic data, questions about luting cement usage, cementation techniques, and commonly used cements in dental clinics. Descriptive analysis and chi-square test were used to show the association between level of dental education and the use of dental cements using SPSS software. The significance level was set at 5%.
RESULTS
The total respondents were 626 dental students/interns of whom 78.8% were undergraduate dental students. Participants who reported undergraduate studies as the source of information were 79.7%. The type of restoration was the main factor in luting cement selection (62.6%). Concerning the isolation technique in cementing laminate veneers, 49.7% used dri-angles, cotton rolls and saliva ejectors. Dual-cure resin cement was the most common cement used in all the mentioned restorations except in pressed porcelain laminate veneers and cement-retained implant-supported restorations.
CONCLUSIONS
Students' knowledge and practice in managing dental implants and porcelain laminate veneers need to be improved. The selection of a luting agent for a given restoration by students and interns was based on the basic knowledge, available cement, and the type of restoration. Awareness towards the management of short prepared teeth and custom-made cast posts and cores is also limited.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Dental Porcelain; Prosthodontics; Cross-Sectional Studies; Saudi Arabia; Students, Dental; Resin Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing
PubMed: 37254115
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03054-3 -
Journal of Dental Research Feb 2020Dental adhesives are vital for the success of dental restorations. The objective of this study is to make strong and durable dental adhesives that are free from 2...
Dental adhesives are vital for the success of dental restorations. The objective of this study is to make strong and durable dental adhesives that are free from 2 symbolic methacrylate-based dental resins-2-bis[4-(2-hydroxy-3-methacryl-oxypropoxy)-phenyl]-propane (Bis-GMA) and 2-hydroxyethyl-methacrylate (HEMA)-and have equivalent/improved bonding strength and durability. We formulated, prepared, and evaluated 2 dental adhesives using mixtures of a hydrolytically stable ether-based monomer, triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether (TEG-DVBE), with urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) or pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate. These adhesives were composed of equimolar ester-/ether-based vinyl functional groups. They were compared with Bis-GMA/HEMA-based commercial and experimental dental adhesives in terms of shear bond strength and microtensile bond strength (µTBS) to human dentin and the µTBS bond stability under extended thermocycling challenges. In addition, the resins' infiltration to dentin tubules, mechanical performance, and chemical properties were assessed by scanning electron microscopy, ISO standard flexural strength and modulus measurements, contact angle measurements, and water sorption/solubility measurements. The hybrid TEG-DVBE-containing dental adhesives generated equivalent shear bond strength and µTBS in comparison with the controls. Significantly, these adhesives outperformed the controls after being challenged by 10,000 thermocycles between 5 °C and 55 °C. Water contact angle measurements suggested that the hybrid dental adhesives were relatively more hydrophobic than the Bis-GMA/HEMA controls. However, both TEG-DVBE-containing adhesives developed more and deeper resin tags in dentin tubules and formed thicker hybrid layers at the composite-dentin interface. Furthermore, the water solubility of UDMA/TEG-DVBE resins was reduced approximately 89% in comparison with the Bis-GMA/HEMA controls. The relatively hydrophobic adhesives that achieved equivalent/enhanced bonding performance suggest great potentials in developing dental restoration with extended service life. Furthermore, the TEG-DVBE-containing materials may find wider dental applications and broader utility in medical device development.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Ether; Humans; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Resin Cements; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 31861961
DOI: 10.1177/0022034519895269 -
Stomatologija 2017The aim of this review was to evaluate the most common complications in implant prosthodontics with porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, to evaluate the influence of... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this review was to evaluate the most common complications in implant prosthodontics with porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns, to evaluate the influence of biomechanical properties on fractures and cracks of veneered porcelain, and to compare the effects of crowns with different connections on soft tissues.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A search of literature in the English language between 2009 and 2015 was conducted using the following databases: Medline via PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley online library, Taylor& Francis, and Cochrane library. In total, 10 studies that met the inclusion criteria were found.
RESULTS
Four investigations showed that technical complications more often occurred in screw-retained prostheses, although two studies concluded that cement-retained crowns were also susceptible to technical complications. Two investigations showed that the deeper the abutment margin was subgingivally, the more excess cement was left in the peri-implant sulcus. Four studies concluded that cement-retained prostheses were more susceptible to biological complications, but two investigations also showed that biological complications were observed in tissues adjacent to screw-retained crowns.
CONCLUSIONS
The research of literature data for the last five years showed that screw-retained crowns demonstrated more failures such as porcelain cracks and fractures or screw loosening, while cement-retained crowns caused more severe biological complications such as peri-implant soft tissue inflammation or pathological bone resorption.
Topics: Bone Screws; Crowns; Dental Cements; Dental Implants; Dental Restoration Failure; Humans
PubMed: 29243683
DOI: No ID Found -
Dental Materials Journal May 2022The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various surface treatments on the shear bond strength between dental polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and adhesive...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various surface treatments on the shear bond strength between dental polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and adhesive resin cement. Two hundred and forty specimens were randomly classified into four groups: no treatment, sandblasted, sulfuric-acid-etched, and laser-grooved treatment. Each group was classified into two adhesive resin cement subgroups. Surface roughness, water contact angle, shear bond strength, and failure mode were measured; SEM and XPS results were obtained. The data were statistically analyzed using one-way or two-way analysis of variance and Tukey's honest significant difference test (α=0.05). Laser-grooved PEEK surface showed regular grooves and carbonization by thermal degradation; the surface roughness as well as water contact angle of were the highest in all groups. Shear bond strength values were significantly higher in the laser-groove-treated and sulfuric-acid-etched groups. Laser-groove-treated specimens showed cohesive failure. Laser-grooved treatment can improve shear bond strength between PEEK and adhesive resin cement.
Topics: Benzophenones; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Ketones; Lasers; Materials Testing; Polyethylene Glycols; Polymers; Resin Cements; Shear Strength; Surface Properties; Water
PubMed: 35082179
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-036 -
Journal of Materials Science. Materials... Nov 2020Literature lacks sufficient data regarding addition of natural antibacterial agents to glass ionomer cement (GICs). Hence, the aim of the study was to increase the...
Literature lacks sufficient data regarding addition of natural antibacterial agents to glass ionomer cement (GICs). Hence, the aim of the study was to increase the antimicrobial properties of GICs through its modification with mixture of plant extracts to be evaluated along with an 0.5% chlorohexidine-modified GIC (CHX-GIC) with regard to biological and compressive strength properties. Conventional GIC (freeze-dried version) and CHX were used. Alcoholic extract of Salvadora persica, Olea europaea, and Ficus carcia leaves were prepared using a Soxhlet extractor for 12 h. The plant extract mixture (PE) was added in three different proportions to the water used for preparation of the dental cement (Group 1:1 PE, 2:1 PE, and 1:2 PE). Specimens were then prepared and tested against the unmodified GIC (control) and the 0.5% CHX-GIC. Chemical analysis of the extract mixture was performed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar diffusion assay against Micrococcus luteus and Streptoccocus mutans. Compressive strength was evaluated according to ISO 9917-1:2007 using a Zwick testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Antimicrobial activity against Streptoccocus mutans was significantly increased for all the extract-modified materials compared to the unmodified cement, and the highest concentration was comparable to the CHX-GIC mixture. The activity against Micrococcus luteus was also significantly increased, but only for the material with the highest extract concentration, and here the CHX-GIC group showed statistically the highest antimicrobial activity. Compressive strength results revealed that there was no statistically significant difference between the different mixtures and the control except for the highest tested concentration that showed the highest mean values. The plant extracts (PEs) enhanced the antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and also against M. luteus in the higher concentration while compressive strength was improved by addition of the PE at higher concentrations.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Infective Agents, Local; Chlorhexidine; Coated Materials, Biocompatible; Compressive Strength; Dental Cements; Ficus; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Micrococcus luteus; Olea; Plant Extracts; Salvadoraceae; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 33247427
DOI: 10.1007/s10856-020-06455-w -
Influence of inorganic nanoparticles on dental materials' mechanical properties. A narrative review.BMC Oral Health Nov 2023Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely incorporated in conventional dental materials to help in improving their properties. The literature has shown that incorporating... (Review)
Review
Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely incorporated in conventional dental materials to help in improving their properties. The literature has shown that incorporating nanoparticles in dental materials in different specialties could have a positive effect on reinforcing the mechanical properties of those materials; however, there was no consensus on the effectiveness of using nanoparticles in enhancing the mechanical properties of dental materials, due to the variety of the properties of nanoparticles itself and their effect on the mechanical properties. This article attempted to analytically review all the studies that assessed the effect of different types of inorganic nanoparticles on the most commonly used dental materials in dental specialties such as polymethyl methacrylate, glass ionomer cement, resin composite, resin adhesive, orthodontic adhesive, and endodontic sealer. The results had shown that those inorganic nanoparticles demonstrated positive potential in improving those mechanical properties in most of the dental materials studied. That potential was attributed to the ultra-small sizes and unique physical and chemical qualities that those inorganic nanoparticles possess, together with the significant surface area to volume ratio. It was concluded from this comprehensive analysis that while a definitive recommendation cannot be provided due to the variety of nanoparticle types, shapes, and incorporated dental material, the consensus suggests using nanoparticles in low concentrations less than 1% by weight along with a silane coupling agent to minimize agglomeration issues and benefit from their properties.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Resin Cements; Composite Resins; Glass Ionomer Cements; Nanoparticles; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Stress, Mechanical; Dental Materials
PubMed: 37990196
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03652-1 -
Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL Dec 2021This study evaluated the influence of resin cements and glass ionomers on tensile strength and types of failure of zirconia copings cemented on titanium base abutments....
This study evaluated the influence of resin cements and glass ionomers on tensile strength and types of failure of zirconia copings cemented on titanium base abutments. Forty-two samples were prepared, which were formed by a Cone Morse implant, a titanium abutment with the fixing screw, and a zirconia structure made using a CAD/CAM system. The samples (n = 42) were randomly distributed according to the cementing agent: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RelyX Luting 2), self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200), and self-curing resin cement (Multilink N). After cementation of the copings, half of the samples from each group (n = 7) were randomly selected and subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles). A tensile load test was performed on a universal testing machine until failure occurred (1 mm). In addition, the type of failure was analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance test and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Lower tensile load was observed for the glass ionomer cement (p < 0.001) regardless of the evaluation period. After thermocycling, a significant reduction in tensile load values was verified for both evaluated cements (p = 0.047). For the resin cements, failures were predominantly of the screw fracture type (82.1%) already with the use of glass ionomer cement, and 28.5% of the failures were of an adhesive type between the zirconia coping and the cement. Resin cements have better stability under tensile load compared to resin glass ionomers when cementing zirconia copings on titanium base abutments.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Cementation; Dental Cements; Dental Prosthesis Retention; Dental Stress Analysis; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 35088807
DOI: 10.54589/aol.34/3/214