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Journal of Dentistry Dec 2021Objectives To determine the clinical performance of partial ceramic crowns (PCCs) luted with a conventional resin cement combined with a universal adhesive without or... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized clinical split-mouth study on the performance of CAD/CAM-partial ceramic crowns luted with a self-adhesive resin cement or a universal adhesive and a conventional resin cement after 39 months.
Objectives To determine the clinical performance of partial ceramic crowns (PCCs) luted with a conventional resin cement combined with a universal adhesive without or with selective enamel etching or luted with a self-adhesive resin cement. Methods In a split-mouth design, each three CAD/CAM-PCCs (Vita Mark II, Cerec) were placed in 50 patients. Two PCCs were luted with a conventional resin cement (RelyX Ultimate) combined with a universal adhesive (Scotchbond Universal) without (SB-E) or with (SB+E) selective enamel etching. The third PCC was luted with a self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem 2; RXU). Chi-square tests (α≤0.05) were applied. Based on clinical failures (complete debonding or need for replacement of the restorations), Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed. Results 31 patients were evaluated clinically using FDI criteria at 39 months. Clinically acceptable results were detected over time, except for "fracture of material and retention" (inacceptable fractures and debondings). Within materials, statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.003) between baseline and 39 months were found for "marginal adaptation" and "marginal staining". At 39-month, SB+E and SB-E showed significantly better results compared to RXU in "marginal adaptation"(p ≤ 0.021) and "marginal staining"(p ≤ 0.013). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed higher survival rates after 39 months for SB+E (96%) and SB-E (88%) compared to RXU (69%) with statistically significant differences between RXU vs. SB-E (p = 0.022) and RXU vs. SB+E (p ≤ 0.001). Conclusions After 39-months, PCCs luted with the self-adhesive resin cement exhibited a statistically significant inferior survival rate compared to restorations luted with the conventional resin cement combined with a universal adhesive without or with selective enamel etching. Clinical significance Currently, self-adhesive resin cements cannot be recommended for luting partial ceramic crowns. However, the standard adhesive luting procedure comprising a universal adhesive and luting composite yielded good clinical results for more than 3 years irrespectively of application of a selective enamel etching step.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Ceramics; Crowns; Dental Cements; Dental Enamel; Humans; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Surface Properties
PubMed: 34624421
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2021.103837 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Nov 2014To determine and compare the pH, conductivity and calcium release of an experimental Portland cement (PE) consisting of trioxid mineral aggregate and a comercially... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
To determine and compare the pH, conductivity and calcium release of an experimental Portland cement (PE) consisting of trioxid mineral aggregate and a comercially available modified Portland cement (C.P.M.) after 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 15 and 30 days.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Cements were mixed following the manufacturer's instructions, with a powder: liquid ratio of 3:1. Each cement was placed in 12 PVC tubes 1 mm in diameter and 10 mm in length and allowed to set. Four empty tubes were used as negative controls. Tubes were submerged in plastic flasks containing 10 ml deionized water and stored at 37 C and 100% humidity. After 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 10, 15 and 30 days tubes were removed from the flasks and these were refilled with deionized water. We measured pH, conductivity and calcium content of the recovered solution. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA.
RESULTS
pH was 0.3 units more alkaline with PE cement (p=0.023). pH experienced a slight decrease with time (p<0.001), independently of the cement type (p>0.05). Conductivity of PE and CPM cements diminished at 4 days and almost recovered at 30 days (p<0.001). PE cement had a higher conductivity (p<0.001). Calcium release diminished from the first day and recovered at 30 days (p<0.001) similarly for both cements (p>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
PE cement raised pH slightly more and had higher conductivity than CPM. Calcium release diminished after the first day and recovered at 30 days, similarly for both cements.
Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Dental Cements; Drug Combinations; Materials Testing; Oxides; Silicates; Time Factors
PubMed: 25350596
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.19936 -
Australian Dental Journal Mar 2016With advances in the understanding of healing processes of the periodontium, pulp and alveolar bone following various injuries, the role of splinting has become... (Review)
Review
With advances in the understanding of healing processes of the periodontium, pulp and alveolar bone following various injuries, the role of splinting has become relatively well defined. This is generally reflected in the guidelines for trauma management published by the International Association of Dental Traumatology. While the widespread use of composite resin as an adhesive in various functional/flexible splinting systems has over many years allowed ease of application, removal of the material is not only time consuming but more seriously accompanied by minor or major iatrogenic damage to enamel. Dental materials science has continued to provide new materials and amongst them the development of resin activated glass-ionomer cement suitable for orthodontic bracket cementation has allowed the development of an alternative simplified splinting regimen for traumatized teeth which offers ease of application and removal with minimal or no iatrogenic damage to enamel.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Cements; Dental Enamel; Equipment Design; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Iatrogenic Disease; Resin Cements; Splints; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 26923448
DOI: 10.1111/adj.12398 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jan 2009To evaluate the effectiveness of adhesives used to attach bands to teeth during fixed appliance treatment. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effectiveness of adhesives used to attach bands to teeth during fixed appliance treatment.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Electronic databases, conference proceedings and the Internet were searched. There was no restriction with regard to publication status or language of publication. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and controlled clinical trials (CCTs) (including split-mouth studies) of adhesives used to attach orthodontic bands to molar teeth were selected. Patients with full arch fixed orthodontic appliance(s) who had bands attached to molars were included. All review authors were involved in study selection, validity assessment, and data extraction. Disagreements were resolved by discussion. Comparisons were made between the main types of adhesive.
RESULTS
Five RCTs and three CCTs were identified, all of split-mouth design. Four trials compared chemically cured zinc phosphate and chemically cured glass ionomer; three trials compared chemically cured glass ionomer cement with light-cured compomer; and one trial compared chemically cured glass ionomer with a chemically cured glass polyphosphonate. Data analysis was often inappropriate within the studies. Meta-analysis was not feasible.
CONCLUSIONS
There is insufficient high-quality evidence with regard to the most effective adhesive for attaching orthodontic bands to molar teeth. Further RCTs are required.
Topics: Compomers; Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; Molar; Organophosphates; Orthodontic Wires; Self-Curing of Dental Resins; Zinc Phosphate Cement
PubMed: 19123702
DOI: 10.2319/081307-377.1 -
The Angle Orthodontist Jul 2021To determine whether the incorporation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improves the antibacterial ability and biocompatibility of nano silver (NAg)-containing orthodontic...
OBJECTIVES
To determine whether the incorporation of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) improves the antibacterial ability and biocompatibility of nano silver (NAg)-containing orthodontic cement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
NAg was synthesized using a sodium citrate reduction method. NAg particles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra. NAg and NAC were incorporated into a resin-modified glass ionomer cement. Enamel shear bond strength (SBS), antibacterial capability, and cytotoxicity were evaluated.
RESULTS
Incorporating 0.15% NAg and 20% NAC had no adverse effect on the SBS of orthodontic cement (P > .1). Adding NAC into NAg-containing cement greatly reduced the biofilm metabolic activity and lactic acid production (P < .05) and lowered the colony unit-forming counts by approximately 1 log (P < .05). The cell viability against NAg-containing cement was improved by NAC (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
The incorporation of NAC into NAg-containing cement achieved stronger antibacterial capability and better biocompatibility, without compromising the enamel SBS. The combined use of NAC and NAg is promising to combat caries in orthodontic practice.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Orthodontic Brackets; Resin Cements; Shear Strength
PubMed: 33570605
DOI: 10.2319/073120-670.1 -
Root canal pre-treatment and adhesive system affect bond strength durability of fiber posts ex vivo.Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2021To investigate the effect of different pre-treatments on the long-term bond strength of fiberglass posts luted either with dual-curing self-etch adhesives and core... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the effect of different pre-treatments on the long-term bond strength of fiberglass posts luted either with dual-curing self-etch adhesives and core build-up composites or with a self-adhesive resin (SAR) cement.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In total, 180 human root-filled teeth received post-space preparations and three different dentin pre-treatments (PTs): PT1, ethanol (99%); PT2, ethanol-tertiary-butanol-water-solution (AH Plus Cleaner, Dentsply Sirona; York, USA); and PT3, distilled water (control). Five luting systems were used: FU, Futurabond U (Voco; Cuxhaven, Germany); CL, Clearfil DC Bond (Kuraray Noritake; Okayama, Japan); GR, Gradia Core SE Bond (GC Europe NV; Leuven, Belgium); LU, LuxaBond Universal (DMG; Hamburg, Germany); and RX, RelyX Unicem 2 (3M; Minnesota, USA). Roots were cut into six slices (1 mm thick). From each root canal region, three slices were submitted to immediate and three to post-storage push-out testing. The latter were subjected to thermocycling (5-55°C, 6.000 cycles) and stored for six months in saline solution (0.9%, 37°C). Data were analysed using repeated measures ANOVA and chi-square tests (MV±SD).
RESULTS
Bond strength was significantly affected by material (p<0.0005), pre-treatment (p=0.016), and storage (p<0.0005; repeated-measures ANOVA). LU (18.8±8.1MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength than RX (16.08±6.4MPa), GR (15.1±4.6MPa), CL (13.95±5.2MPa), and FU (13.7±6.3MPa). PT1 (16.5±6.9MPa) revealed significantly higher bond strength than PT3 (14.5±5.7MPa).
CONCLUSIONS
A universal adhesive in self-etch mode combined with a core build-up material revealed higher bond strength than a SAR cement, both interacted positively with Ethanol pre-treatment.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT
Ethanol (99%) rinsing can be recommended as part of post and core pre-treatment for the investigated luting systems.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentin; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Humans; Materials Testing; Post and Core Technique
PubMed: 34125299
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03945-1 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Nov 2020Evidence about modifications of dental luting materials to minimize biological failure at the "marginal gap" between teeth and fixed prosthodontics is scarce. We...
OBJECTIVES
Evidence about modifications of dental luting materials to minimize biological failure at the "marginal gap" between teeth and fixed prosthodontics is scarce. We compared a copper-modified (Co-ZOP) and a conventional zinc oxide phosphate cement (ZOP) in terms of antimicrobial and cytotoxic potentials in vitro and in vivo.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Specimens of ZOP and Co-ZOP were characterized by the mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and surface free energy (SFE). Powder components were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) showed elemental material compositions. In vitro microbial adhesion was shown using SEM, luminescence, and fluorescence assays. CCK-8 assays of mouse fibroblasts (L929) and human gingival fibroblasts (GF-1) were performed after 6, 24, and 48 h of specimen incubation. In vivo, ZOP and Co-ZOP specimens were applied intraorally for 12 h; biofilm accumulation was shown using SEM.
RESULTS
Ra of ZOP and Co-ZOP showed no significant differences; SFE was significantly higher for Co-ZOP. EDX exhibited minor copper radiation for Co-ZOP, none for ZOP. In vitro fungal adhesion to Co-ZOP was significantly higher than to ZOP; in vitro streptococcal adhesion, cytotoxicity, and in vivo biofilm formation were not significantly different.
CONCLUSIONS
Co-ZOP showed low surface allocations of copper with no improved antimicrobial properties compared with conventional ZOP in vitro or in vivo.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Antimicrobial effects and low cytotoxicity of biomaterials are important for the clinical outcome. Based on our in vitro and in vivo results, no clinical recommendation can be given for the tested Co-ZOP.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Copper; Dental Cements; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oxides; Phosphates; Surface Properties; Zinc Oxide; Zinc Phosphate Cement
PubMed: 32198658
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03257-w -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021This study evaluated the influence of the cement composition and different polymerization protocols on the bonding chemical interaction of self-adhesive cements with...
OBJECTIVES
This study evaluated the influence of the cement composition and different polymerization protocols on the bonding chemical interaction of self-adhesive cements with synthetic hydroxyapatite.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Two commercial self-adhesive resin cements (RelyX U200 and Maxcem Elite) were selected, manipulated, mixed with hydroxyapatite dry powder (HAp), dispensed into molds, and distributed into three groups according to polymerization protocols: immediate photoactivation (IP); delayed photoactivation, 10 min self-curing and light-curing (DP); and chemical activation (CA, no light exposure). The detailed chemical information, at atomic scale, on the surface and deeper into the bulk of self-adhesive cement/hydroxyapatite mixtures was evaluated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
RESULTS
Chemical elements were detected in both cements, such as Na, O, Ca, C, P, and Si. Other elements were detected in minor concentrations. RelyX U200 exhibited the most intense formation of calcium salts products when the cement/HAp mixtures were photoactivated (immediate or delayed). RelyX U200/HAp mixture under delayed photoactivation (DP) also exhibited higher binding energy between calcium moieties of the HAp and methacrylates in the cement. A higher energy difference in the interaction of HAp with the cement comparing the bulk and surface areas was observed when RelyX U200 underwent the delayed photoactivation protocol. Maxcem Elite exhibited an increased chemical reactivity when either chemically activated or immediately photoactivated and a higher binding energy of the carboxyl groups bonded to the calcium of HAp when chemically activated.
CONCLUSIONS
The interaction of cements with hydroxyapatite is chemical in nature and leads to the formation of calcium salts, which may favor better integrity and longevity of adhesive restorations. The polymerization protocol affects the chemical interaction in mixtures of self-adhesive cements and hydroxyapatite, influencing the formation of these salts and the establishment of intermolecular interactions between the HAp and the cements.
Topics: Dental Cements; Hydroxyapatites; Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; Photoelectron Spectroscopy; Polymerization; Resin Cements; Self-Curing of Dental Resins
PubMed: 34803525
DOI: 10.1155/2021/4572345 -
Dental Materials Journal Nov 2023In this study, fine powders of tristrontium aluminate (SA) and distrontium cerate (SCe) cement were prepared using a dry grinding process, and their mechanical and ion...
In this study, fine powders of tristrontium aluminate (SA) and distrontium cerate (SCe) cement were prepared using a dry grinding process, and their mechanical and ion dissolution properties were estimated. Fine cements showed the particles about 10 μm in diameter or smaller with sharp particle size distribution curves. The setting reaction of the fine cements was rapid; therefore, a 0.1% w/v of citric acid solution was used as the retarder. The compressive strengths of the fine cements were improved compared to those of the coarse cements at both 1 and 28 days after mixing at a water/powder ratio (W/P) of 0.4. The dissolution of Sr and Al ions from fine SA cement was enhanced. However, the relative flowability decreases with fine grinding. Further studies on flowability, handling property are required. Additionally, the biological effects of endodontic cement should be studied both in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Strontium; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Water; Bone Cements; Compressive Strength; Powders; Materials Testing
PubMed: 37821365
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2023-144 -
Dental Materials Journal Sep 2018With improvement of bonding strength of recent dental cement, it is difficult nowadays to remove restorations without excessive force or vibration to tooth, occasionally...
Electrical shear bonding strength reduction of resin-modified glass-ionomercement containing ionic-liquid: Concept and validation of a smart dental cement debonding-on-demand.
With improvement of bonding strength of recent dental cement, it is difficult nowadays to remove restorations without excessive force or vibration to tooth, occasionally resulting in damage of dentin, enamel, and dental root. Therefore, "smart" dental cement indicating strong bonding and easy debonding-on-demand simultaneously is required. In this research, resin-modified glass-ionomer-cement containing an ionic-liquid, tris(2-hydroxyethyl)methylammonium methylsulfate was produced, and the shear bonding strength before and after direct current application were evaluated. The prototype cement containing 15 to 20 mass% ionic-liquid indicated simultaneously no significant reduction of shear bonding strength from that of the original cement not containing ionic-liquid, and significant reduction of bonding strength to approximately 20% of that of the original cement after direct current application of more than 2 mmC/mm. The prototype cement in this research demonstrated that the concept of smart dental cement electrically debonding-on-demand is feasible.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Debonding; Electricity; Glass Ionomer Cements; Ionic Liquids; Materials Testing; Methylamines; Resin Cements; Shear Strength; Sulfuric Acid Esters; Surface Properties
PubMed: 29848856
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-361