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Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2017This study aimed to investigate the effect of laser diode irradiation on the degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WS), and water solubility (WSB) of these bonding...
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to investigate the effect of laser diode irradiation on the degree of conversion (DC), water sorption (WS), and water solubility (WSB) of these bonding systems in an attempt to improve their physico-mechanical resistance.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Two bonding agents were tested: a two-step total-etch system [Adper™ Single Bond 2, 3M ESPE (SB)] and a universal system [Adper™ Single Bond Universal, 3M ESPE (SU)]. Square-shaped specimens were prepared and assigned into 4 groups (n=5): SB and SU (control groups - no laser irradiation) and SB-L and SU-L [SB and SU laser (L) - irradiated groups]. DC was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy with attenuated total reflectance. Additional uncured resin samples (≈3.0 µL, n=5) of each adhesive were also scanned for final DC calculation. For WS/WSB tests, similar specimens (n=10) were prepared and measured by monitoring the mass changes after dehydration/water storage cycles. For both tests, adhesive fluids were dropped into standardized Teflon molds (6.0×6.0×1.0 mm), irradiated with a 970-nm laser diode, and then polymerized with an LED-curing unit (1 W/cm2).
RESULTS
Laser irradiation immediately before photopolymerization increased the DC (%) of the tested adhesives: SB-L>SB>SU-L>SU. For WS/WSB (μg/mm3), only the dentin bonding system (DBS) was a significant factor (p<0.05): SB>SU.
CONCLUSION
Irradiation with a laser diode improved the degree of conversion of all tested simplified dentin bonding systems, with no impact on water sorption and solubility.
Topics: Curing Lights, Dental; Dental Cements; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Lasers, Semiconductor; Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; Phase Transition; Photochemical Processes; Polymerization; Reference Values; Reproducibility of Results; Solubility; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surface Properties
PubMed: 28877276
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0461 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2022The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and biological properties of an experimental tricalcium silicate-based repair cement containing diclofenac...
The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical and biological properties of an experimental tricalcium silicate-based repair cement containing diclofenac sodium (CERD). For the physicochemical test, MTA, Biodentine and CERD were mixed and cement disc were prepared to evaluate the setting time and radiopacity. Root-end cavity were performed in acrylic teeth and filled with cements to analyze the solubility up to 7 days. Polyethylene tubes containing cements were prepared and calcium ions and pH were measured at 3h, 24h, 72h and 15 days. For the biological test, SAOS-2 were cultivated, exposed to cements extracts and cell proliferation were investigated by MTT assay at 6h, 24h and 48h. Polyethylene tubes containing cements were implanted into Wistar rats. After 7 and 30 days, the tubes were removed and processed for histological analyses. Parametric and nonparametric data were performed. No difference was identified in relation to setting time, radiopacity and solubility. Biodentine released more calcium ion than MTA and CERD; however, no difference between MTA and CERD were detected. Alkaline pH was observed for all cements and Biodentine exhibited highest pH. All cements promoted a raise on cell proliferation at 24h and 48h, except CERD at 48h. Biodentine stimulated cell metabolism in relation to MTA and CERD while CERD was more cytotoxic than MTA at 48h. Besides, no difference on both inflammatory response and mineralization ability for all cement were found. CERD demonstrated similar proprieties to others endodontic cements available.
Topics: Animals; Rats; Aluminum Compounds; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Calcium; Calcium Compounds; Dental Cements; Drug Combinations; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Oxides; Polyethylenes; Rats, Wistar; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicates
PubMed: 35766716
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204644 -
Journal of Oral Science 2018A novel fast-setting calcium silicate cement with fluoride (CSC) has been developed for potential application in tooth crowns. This study compared the cytotoxicity of...
A novel fast-setting calcium silicate cement with fluoride (CSC) has been developed for potential application in tooth crowns. This study compared the cytotoxicity of CSC compositions and a variety of dental materials. We tested CSC compositions (Protooth), MTA, Biodentine, Ketac Molar, Fuji II LC, Vitrebond, DeTrey Zinc, Dycal, and IRM, DMEM (negative control) and 1% NaOCl (positive control). After setting of cements for 24 h, specimens were immersed in DMEM for 24 h to obtain material elutes. The elutes were serially diluted in serum-free DMEM to obtain three dilutions. L929 mouse fibroblast cells (1 × 10 cells per well) were treated for 24 h with elute dilutions (n = 3). Cytotoxicity was determined using methyl-thiazolyl-tetrazolium assay in triplicate. CSC compositions, MTA, and Biodentine showed no significant reduction in cell viability compared to DMEM. There was no significant difference in cell viability, at any of three dilutions, between CSC compositions and either MTA or Biodentine. Cytotoxicity was significantly lower for CSC compositions than for Vitrebond, DeTrey Zinc, Dycal, IRM, and 1% NaOCl, at all three dilutions, and undiluted Fuji II LC elute. In contrast to resin-modified glass ionomers, zinc phosphate cements, Dycal, and IRM, the CSC compositions showed no cytotoxic potential.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Compounds; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Colorimetry; Dental Cements; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Silicates; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles
PubMed: 29576580
DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.16-0751 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2016Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are being used for a wide range of applications in dentistry. In order to overcome the poor mechanical properties of glass ionomers, several... (Review)
Review
Glass ionomer cements (GICs) are being used for a wide range of applications in dentistry. In order to overcome the poor mechanical properties of glass ionomers, several modifications have been introduced to the conventional GICs. Nanotechnology involves the use of systems, modifications or materials the size of which is in the range of 1-100 nm. Nano-modification of conventional GICs and resin modified GICs (RMGICs) can be achieved by incorporation of nano-sized fillers to RMGICs, reducing the size of the glass particles, and introducing nano-sized bioceramics to the glass powder. Studies suggest that the commercially available nano-filled RMGIC does not hold any significant advantage over conventional RMGICs as far as the mechanical and bonding properties are concerned. Conversely, incorporation of nano-sized apatite crystals not only increases the mechanical properties of conventional GICs, but also can enhance fluoride release and bioactivity. By increasing the crystallinity of the set matrix, apatites can make the set cement chemically more stable, insoluble, and improve the bond strength with tooth structure. Increased fluoride release can also reduce and arrest secondary caries. However, due to a lack of long-term clinical studies, the use of nano-modified glass ionomers is still limited in daily clinical dentistry. In addition to the in vitro and in vivo studies, more randomized clinical trials are required to justify the use of these promising materials. The aim of this paper is to review the modification performed in GIC-based materials to improve their physicochemical properties.
Topics: Ceramics; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 27428956
DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071134 -
Dental Materials Journal Mar 2021Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements are used in direct pulp capping and many other applications, and several types of these products have been commercialized. The...
Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) cements are used in direct pulp capping and many other applications, and several types of these products have been commercialized. The aim of this study was to examine the antibacterial effects and mineral induction abilities of three conventional MTA cements and one resin-modified MTA cement. Agar diffusion tests revealed that, after setting, all four cements exhibited little antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus mutans, with no significant differences among the materials. After 24 h, E. faecalis and S. mutans suspensions incubated in the presence of each cement did not exhibit reduced numbers of viable bacteria, compared with those same bacterial suspensions incubated without any cement; this indicated that none of the cements inhibited bacterial growth. Furthermore, the resin-modified MTA cement exhibited lower mineral induction ability, compared with that of the three conventional MTA cements.
Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Calcium Compounds; Dental Cements; Drug Combinations; Minerals; Oxides; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicates
PubMed: 33028785
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-351 -
Head & Face Medicine Jun 2022Human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells in the connective tissue provide an effective barrier between the alveolar bone and the oral environment. Cement margins of...
BACKGROUND
Human gingival fibroblast (HGF-1) cells in the connective tissue provide an effective barrier between the alveolar bone and the oral environment. Cement margins of restorations with intrasulcular preparation or cemented implant restorations are in contact with HGF cells. However, it is unknown to what extend the cement surface finish affects the behavior of HGF cells. The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior of HGF-1 cells in contact with two different resin composite cements with three different surface treatments after light-curing and autopolymerization, respectively.
METHODS
Disks of one adhesive (Multilink Automix, Ivoclar Vivadent [MLA]) and one self-adhesive (RelyX Unicem 2 Automix, 3 M [RUN]) resin composite cement were either light-cured or autopolymerized. Specimen surfaces were prepared with the oxygen inhibition layer intact, polished with P2500-grit silicon carbide paper or treated with a scaler. Cells were cultivated on the specimens for 24 h. Viability assay was performed, and cell morphology was examined with scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, roughness parameters of the specimen were analyzed with a 3D laser scanning microscope. Three-way ANOVA was applied to determine the effect of cement material, curing mode and surface treatment (a = 0.05).
RESULTS
Overall, cement material (p = 0.031), curing mode (p = 0.001), and surface treatment (p < 0.001) significantly affected relative cell viability of HGF. The autopolymerized specimen with the oxygen inhibition layer left intact displayed the lowest relative cell viability (MLA 25.7%, RUN 46.6%). Removal of the oxygen inhibition layer with a scaler increased cell viability but also resulted in higher surface roughness values.
CONCLUSIONS
HGF cell viability is affected by the surface treatment and the curing mode. The oxygen inhibition layer is an inhibitory factor for the viability of HGF cells. Autopolymerization enhances the cytotoxic potential of the oxygen inhibition layer.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Fibroblasts; Humans; Materials Testing; Oxygen; Resin Cements; Surface Properties
PubMed: 35690829
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-022-00323-4 -
Dental Materials Journal Mar 2008To evaluate the interactive influence of adhesive materials and surface treatments on bond strength of zirconium oxide ceramics, six types of adhesive resin cements...
To evaluate the interactive influence of adhesive materials and surface treatments on bond strength of zirconium oxide ceramics, six types of adhesive resin cements (RelyX ARC (RA), Super-Bond C & B (SB), Linkmax (LM), Panavia Fluoro Cement (PF), Bistite II (BT), and Imperva Dual (ID)), three types of resin-reinforced glass ionomer cements (Xeno Cem Plus (XC), Vitremer Luting (VR), and Fuji Luting (FL)), as well as four types of surface treatments (# 600 polishing, sandblasting, silane, and Rocatec system) were used in this study. Results of this study indicated that all the tested adhesive materials treated with Rocatec system achieved the highest shear bond strength (31.9-67.1 MPa). In particular, the highest shear bond strength value of 67.1 MPa was found for Linkmax and Rocatec treatment combination, while the lowest shear bond strength value of 5.4 MPa was found for RelyX and # 600 polishing combination. Furthermore, results showed that Rocatec treatment was an effective way to prevent marginal leakage.
Topics: Compressive Strength; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Leakage; Dental Polishing; Dental Porcelain; Dental Stress Analysis; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Shear Strength; Silanes; Surface Properties; Yttrium; Zirconium
PubMed: 18540388
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.27.159 -
BMC Oral Health Aug 2019The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of universal adhesives (UA) and silane on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin cement to a hybrid ceramic...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of universal adhesives (UA) and silane on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of resin cement to a hybrid ceramic Vita Enamic (VE).
METHODS
VE specimens were acid etched using hydrofluoric acid (HF) and were assigned to three groups (n = 10) based on the applied bonding technique. In group 1 (S), a silane-based primer was used as a surface treatment prior to the application of a resin cement (Variolink Esthetic DC). In group 2, a silane-containing UA, Clearfil Universal Bond (CUB) was used for the surface treatment, and in group 3, A silane-free UA, Tetric N-Bond Universal (TNU) was used for surface treatment. Resin cement build-ups were prepared. The bonded specimens were sectioned into resin-ceramic beams. Half of the beams of each group were stored for 24 h at 37 °C and the other half were subjected to a thermo-cycling aging. The microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was measured at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Failure modes were assessed accordingly. Data were analyzed using a) two-way analysis of variance ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests between groups and b) independent t-test to detect differences (α = 0.05) for each group. The surface topographies of the ceramic surface were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy.
RESULTS
The results showed that silane-based primer (S) application resulted in significantly higher (p < 0.05) μTBS values after 24 h and after thermocycling compared to both silane-containing UA (CUB) and silane-free UA (TNU). The μTBS values of all groups were significantly reduced after thermocycling. No statistically significant difference was observed between the μTBS of CUB and TNU after 24 h. However, TNU showed significantly higher μTBS after thermocycling. Different failure modes were observed, and adhesive failure was the most common in all groups. Marked surface topographic changes were observed following HF etching.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that, the UAs tested cannot be recommended as substitutes to the silanization of Hybrid ceramic.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Ceramics; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Etching; Dental Porcelain; Dental Stress Analysis; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Resin Cements; Surface Properties; Tensile Strength
PubMed: 31387557
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-019-0865-7 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Dec 2022This study investigated potential variations in polymerisation of light- and dual-cured (LC and DC) resin cements photoactivated through four CAD/CAM restorative...
OBJECTIVES
This study investigated potential variations in polymerisation of light- and dual-cured (LC and DC) resin cements photoactivated through four CAD/CAM restorative materials as a function of substrate thickness.
METHODS
Four CAD/CAM materials [two resin composites CeraSmart (CS) and Grandio Blocs (GB); a polymer infiltrated ceramic Vita Enamic (VE) and a feldspathic ceramic Vita Mark II (VM)], with five thicknesses (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 mm) were prepared and their optical characteristics measured. 1 mm discs of LC and DC resin cement (Variolink® Esthetic, Ivoclar AG) were photoactivated through each specimen thickness. After 1 h post-cure, polymerisation efficiency was determined by degree of conversion (DC%) and Martens hardness (H). Interactions between materials, thicknesses and properties were analysed by linear regressions, two-way ANOVA and one-way ANOVA followed by post hoc multiple comparisons (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
All substrates of 0.5- and 1.0-mm thickness transmitted sufficiently high peak irradiances at around 455 nm: (I = 588-819 mW/cm) with translucency parameter TP = 21.14 - 10.7; ranked: CS> GB = VM> VE. However, increasing the substrate thickness (1.5-2.5 mm) reduced energy delivery to the luting cements (4 - 2.8 J/cm). Consequently, as their thicknesses increased beyond 1.5 mm, H of the cement discs differed significantly between the substrates. But there were only slight reduction of DC% in LC cements and DC cement discs were not affected.
SIGNIFICANCE
Photoactivating light-cured Ivocerin™ containing cement through feldspathic ceramics and polymer-infiltrated ceramics achieved greater early hardness results than dual-cured type, irrespective of substrate thickness (0.5 - 2.5 mm). However, only 0.5 and 1 mm-thick resin composites showed similar outcome (LC>DC). Therefore, for cases requiring early hardness development, appropriate cement selection for each substrate material is recommended.
Topics: Resin Cements; Esthetics, Dental; Computer-Aided Design; Polymerization; Glass Ionomer Cements; Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Bone Cements; Polymers
PubMed: 36443106
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.11.016 -
BMC Oral Health May 2024Cement spacer is essential for compensating deformation of zirconia restoration after sintering shrinkage, allowing proper seating and better fracture resistance of the...
BACKGROUND
Cement spacer is essential for compensating deformation of zirconia restoration after sintering shrinkage, allowing proper seating and better fracture resistance of the restoration. Studies assessing the effect of cement spacer on fit accuracy and fracture strength of zirconia frameworks are missing in the literature. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cement spacer settings on fit accuracy and fracture strength of 3-unit and 4-unit zirconia frameworks.
METHODS
Sixty standardized stainless-steel master dies were manufactured with 2 prepared abutments for fabricating 3-unit and 4-unit zirconia frameworks. The frameworks were assigned into 6 groups (n = 10) according to cement spacer setting (30 μm, 50 μm, and 80 μm) as follows: 3-unit frameworks; 3u-30, 3u-50, 3u-80, and 4-unit frameworks; 4u-30, 4u-50, and 4u-80. The frameworks were assessed for fit accuracy with the replica method. The specimens were cemented to their corresponding dies, and the fracture strength was measured in a universal testing machine. The Weibull parameters were calculated for the study groups and fractured specimens were inspected for failure mode. Two-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey test for pairwise comparison between study groups (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
The cement spacer had a significant effect on both fit accuracy and fracture strength for 3-unit and 4-unit frameworks. The 50 μm spacer had significantly better fit accuracy followed by 80 μm, and 30 μm spacers. Both 50 μm and 80 μm spacers had similar fracture strength, and both had significantly better strength than 30 μm spacer.
CONCLUSIONS
For both 3-unit and 4-unit zirconia frameworks, 50 μm cement spacer can be recommended over 30 μm and 80 μm spacers for significantly better fit accuracy and adequate fracture strength.
Topics: Zirconium; Dental Stress Analysis; Materials Testing; Dental Cements; Dental Restoration Failure; Humans; Cementation
PubMed: 38773502
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04341-3