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JDR Clinical and Translational Research Jan 2022Nationwide prevention programs in Germany aim to promote oral health. The group prevention program starts in kindergarten and ends when the children are about 12 y old....
OBJECTIVES
Nationwide prevention programs in Germany aim to promote oral health. The group prevention program starts in kindergarten and ends when the children are about 12 y old. While in a recent study, toothbrushing behavior of 12-y-old children was analyzed, the present study's objective was to examine the children's ability to achieve oral cleanliness and to analyze how toothbrushing behavior and compliance with the toothbrushing recommendations taught in the group prevention programs predict oral cleanliness.
METHODS
Twelve-year-old randomly selected children ( = 174) were asked to brush their teeth to the best of their abilities, and simultaneously a video was recorded for behavioral analyses. Plaque levels were measured before and immediately after toothbrushing. In addition, dental status and gingival bleeding were assessed.
RESULTS
After brushing to the best of their abilities, there was plaque on 50% (±24.72%) of all measured sites at the gingival margin (Marginal Plaque Index). Regression analyses revealed approximately 22% of the variance of marginal plaque on the outer surfaces to be explained by the time brushed by circular movements (β = -0.41; < 0.001) and the number of sextants brushed for at least 7.5 s (β = -0.171; < 0.05). Circular movements explained most additional variance (Δ = 0.113; < 0.001). With respect to inner surfaces, none of the behavioral aspects explained any variance of oral cleanliness.
CONCLUSION
Despite regular group prevention measures, 12-y-old children show limited skills to clean their teeth adequately. Furthermore, none of the recommended behaviors relates to oral cleanliness after toothbrushing at inner surfaces. As a consequence, it is necessary to explore further which behavioral sequences effectively improve oral cleanliness.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER STATEMENT
This study illustrates that children's compliance to toothbrushing recommendations is not necessarily related to toothbrushing effectiveness. Clinicians should therefore assess the effectivity of recommendations individually and provide individual guidance for improvement.
Topics: Child; Dental Plaque; Dental Plaque Index; Gingival Hemorrhage; Health Behavior; Humans; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 33251929
DOI: 10.1177/2380084420975333 -
PloS One 2013Dental decay is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. A variety of factors, including microbial, genetic, immunological, behavioral and environmental,... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Dental decay is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide. A variety of factors, including microbial, genetic, immunological, behavioral and environmental, interact to contribute to dental caries onset and development. Previous studies focused on the microbial basis for dental caries have identified species associated with both dental health and disease. The purpose of the current study was to improve our knowledge of the microbial species involved in dental caries and health by performing a comprehensive 16S rDNA profiling of the dental plaque microbiome of both caries-free and caries-active subjects. Analysis of over 50,000 nearly full-length 16S rDNA clones allowed the identification of 1,372 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the dental plaque microbiome. Approximately half of the OTUs were common to both caries-free and caries-active microbiomes and present at similar abundance. The majority of differences in OTU's reflected very low abundance phylotypes. This survey allowed us to define the population structure of the dental plaque microbiome and to identify the microbial signatures associated with dental health and disease. The deep profiling of dental plaque allowed the identification of 87 phylotypes that are over-represented in either caries-free or caries-active subjects. Among these signatures, those associated with dental health outnumbered those associated with dental caries by nearly two-fold. A comparison of this data to other published studies indicate significant heterogeneity in study outcomes and suggest that novel approaches may be required to further define the signatures of dental caries onset and progression.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Male; Metagenome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 23520516
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0058487 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2023Oral homecare plays a major part in dental disease prevention but it can be difficult to perform and time-consuming. Furthermore, the product used can be of limited...
Oral homecare plays a major part in dental disease prevention but it can be difficult to perform and time-consuming. Furthermore, the product used can be of limited efficiency. The goal of this study was to assess the efficacy of a water additive to limit the accumulation of plaque and calculus in dogs. Forty dogs were selected and randomly allocated to one of the two groups after scaling and polishing on day 0. The control group received no oral hygiene while the second group received the water additive (Vet Aquadent FR3SH, Virbac) every day. After 30 days, plaque and calculus accumulations were evaluated under anesthesia. The Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI) was assessed on days 0 and 30. On day 30, the plaque and calculus indices were significantly smaller ( < 0.05) in the Aquadent group compared to the control group with median (Q1-Q3) scores of 1.22 (0.99-1.44) . 2.31 (1.65-3.86), respectively for plaque and 0.25 (0.15-0.42) . 0.33 (0.32-0.69) for calculus. Between day 0 and day 30, the GBI significantly decreased in the control group [from 0.39 (0.21-0.56) to 0.19 (0.08-0.29)] and in the Aquadent group [from 0.33 (0.18-0.47) to 0.00 (0.00-0.00)] but the decrease was significantly greater in the Aquadent group. These results show for the first time that the water additive tested can reduce dental deposit accumulation in dogs and improve gingival health. It can be recommended after a dental cleaning, especially to owners who are reluctant to provide dental care at home due to a lack of time or convenience.
PubMed: 37841470
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1241197 -
The Chinese Journal of Dental Research Jun 2022To investigate the composition and abundance of candidate phyla radiation (CPR) in the oral cavity in caries patients and a healthy population.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the composition and abundance of candidate phyla radiation (CPR) in the oral cavity in caries patients and a healthy population.
METHODS
The raw macrogenomic sequencing data for a total of 88 subjects were downloaded from the National Centre for Biotechnology Sequence Read Archive (NCBI SRA) public database according to the public data usage specifications. Trimmomatic (Department for Metabolic Networks, Potsdam, Germany) and Bowtie 2 (University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA) were used to quality control and dehost the host sequences. Species annotation was made using Kraken2 (Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA) and Bracken (Johns Hopkins University) based on the reference database. According to the results of the species annotation, the species-significant differences and species correlation of caries and healthy oral microbiota in species composition and microbiota diversity were analysed to study the distribution and abundance differences of CPR in the oral environment.
RESULTS
Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Fusobacteria were the main components. The relative abundance of TM7 (Candidatus Saccharibacteria) and GN02 (Candidatus Gracilibacteria) of CPR is second only to the aforementioned five bacteria, indicating that CPR is an important part of the oral microbiota. TM7 and GN02 were common to both the caries patients and healthy patients and were detected in all samples, suggesting that CPR is the 'core microbiome'. There was a correlation between CPR and a variety of oral microbiota, among which the positive correlation with Capnocytophaga was the strongest, suggesting that Capnocytophaga might be the potential host bacteria of CPR.
CONCLUSION
CPR is an indispensable part of the oral microbiota. It is the 'core microflora' of the oral cavity and may play an important role in the stability and function of the oral microecological environment. Capnocytophaga may be the potential host bacteria of CPR.
Topics: Bacteria; Capnocytophaga; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Deposits; Dental Plaque; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth
PubMed: 35686590
DOI: 10.3290/j.cjdr.b3086339 -
Caries Research 2014Management of the caries process on occlusal surfaces of permanent molars has proven a major challenge. The onset of caries on these surfaces takes place soon after... (Review)
Review
Management of the caries process on occlusal surfaces of permanent molars has proven a major challenge. The onset of caries on these surfaces takes place soon after their eruption, and the permanent first molars, followed by the second molars, remain the sites in the dentition which show the highest caries prevalence. This paper is structured in the form of questions and answers in which traditional concepts of caries susceptibility of occlusal surfaces are appraised and confronted with the current evidence. Then, research studies examining the role of biological determinants on the development and arrest of occlusal caries in young permanent teeth are discussed. Finally, the contribution of these studies in terms of developing the available scientific evidence and our understanding of the caries process on occlusal surfaces is analyzed. The current evidence does not support the concept that the early onset and high prevalence of occlusal caries in young permanent teeth are due to a particularly low inherent resistance of the occlusal surface or due to the presence of inaccessible fissure-like structures on these surfaces. Evidence is provided to show that the most influential biological determinants of the development and arrest of occlusal caries are thick plaque accumulation on the groove-fossa system and the stage of tooth eruption limiting mechanical oral function. Consequently, active occlusal lesions are significantly more prevalent in erupting than in fully erupted teeth. The major contribution of this review is to provide updated knowledge about the biological principles determining the development and arrest of caries on occlusal surfaces of erupting teeth.
Topics: Biofilms; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Plaque; Humans; Molar; Tooth Crown; Tooth Eruption; Tooth Remineralization
PubMed: 24577073
DOI: 10.1159/000356307 -
Effectiveness of Individual Oral Health Care Training in Hospitalized Inpatients in Geriatric Wards.International Journal of Environmental... Feb 2023To investigate the effectiveness of individual oral health care training (IndOHCT) on dental plaque removal and denture cleaning in hospitalized geriatric inpatients.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effectiveness of individual oral health care training (IndOHCT) on dental plaque removal and denture cleaning in hospitalized geriatric inpatients.
BACKGROUND
The literature reveals neglect of hygiene and oral care in people aged over 65 years, especially in persons in need of care. Hospitalized geriatric inpatients have poorer dental health than those non-hospitalized. Furthermore, the existing literature reporting on oral healthcare training interventions for hospitalized geriatric inpatients is scarce.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This pre-post-controlled intervention study dichotomized 90 hospitalized geriatric inpatients into an intervention group (IG) and a control group (CG). Inpatients in the IG received IndOHCT. Oral hygiene was assessed using the Turesky modified Quigley-Hein index (TmQHI) and the denture hygiene index (DHI), at baseline (T0), at a second examination (T1a), and after supervised autonomous tooth brushing and denture cleaning (T1b). The influence of the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and Barthel Index (BI) scores on oral hygiene was examined.
RESULTS
There was no significant plaque reduction on teeth or dentures between T0 and T1a in either group. Between T1a and T1b, plaque reduction on the teeth was more effective in the IG than in the CG ( < 0.001). Inpatients with 1-9 remaining teeth removed significantly more dental plaque than inpatients with 10 or more remaining teeth. Inpatients with lower MMSE scores ( = 0.021) and higher age ( = 0.044) reached higher plaque reduction on dentures.
CONCLUSIONS
IndOHCT improved oral and denture hygiene in geriatric inpatients by enabling them to clean their teeth and dentures more effectively.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Delivery of Health Care; Dental Plaque; Inpatients; Nursing Homes; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 36901286
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054275 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2023The effects of smoking on the accumulation of dental plaque have not been studied in depth. We compared dental plaque quantitation obtained with a novel light induced...
BACKGROUND
The effects of smoking on the accumulation of dental plaque have not been studied in depth. We compared dental plaque quantitation obtained with a novel light induced fluorescence technology among current, former, and never smokers and verified measurements' repeatability.
METHODS
Dental plaque quantitation was objectively assessed by quantitative light induced fluorescence (QLF) technology on three separate study visits in current, former, and never smokers: baseline (day 0), day 7, day 30. Increase in the fluorescence intensity of at least 30% (ΔR30) and 120% (ΔR120) together with the simple oral hygiene (SOH) scoring were considered for analysis.
RESULTS
The QLF parameters were highly repeatable in each study group (p < 0.0001, by regression analyses). All QLF parameters showed a significant difference between never smokers and current smokers (p = 0.041 for ΔR30; p = 0.027 for ΔR120; p = 0.04 for SOH). No significant differences were observed between never and former smokers and between current and former smokers except for ΔR120 (p = 0.033).
CONCLUSION
Dental plaque measurements by QLF technology were highly reproducible and showed greater plaque formation among current smokers compared to non-smokers. Objective and reproducible quantitation of dental plaque can be a valuable clinical and regulatory science endpoint to investigate the effect of smoking cessation medications, combustion-free tobacco products, and consumer care products on oral health.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
There is a need to objectively evaluate the relationship between smoking and plaque build-up as well as maturation. Current smokers demonstrated greater and more mature plaque buildup when compared to never and former smokers. Differences in plaque build-up and maturation between current, former and non-smokers may be utilized as an effective tool for patient motivation, identifying therapeutic end-points, translational research as well as prognostication.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
The study is a pilot study parts of a larger project with registration ID: NCT04649645. As preliminary study, the pilot study referred into this paper started before the larger study registered in ClinicalTrials.gov.
Topics: Humans; Dental Plaque; Oral Hygiene; Pilot Projects; Smoking; Smoking Cessation
PubMed: 37443061
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03154-0 -
Journal of Prosthodontics : Official... Feb 2016Recent studies have established a relationship between dental plaque and pulmonary infection, particularly in elderly individuals. Given that approximately one in five...
PURPOSE
Recent studies have established a relationship between dental plaque and pulmonary infection, particularly in elderly individuals. Given that approximately one in five adults in the UK currently wears a denture, there remains a gap in our understanding of the direct implications of denture plaque on systemic health. The aim of this study was to undertake a comprehensive evaluation of putative respiratory pathogens residing upon dentures using a targeted quantitative molecular approach.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and thirty patients' dentures were sonicated to remove denture plaque biofilm from the surface. DNA was extracted from the samples and was assessed for the presence of respiratory pathogens by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Ct values were then used to approximate the number of corresponding colony forming equivalents (CFEs) based on standard curves.
RESULTS
Of the dentures, 64.6% were colonized by known respiratory pathogens. Six species were identified: Streptococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Haemophilus influenzae B, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Moraxella catarrhalis. P. aeruginosa was the most abundant species followed by S. pneumoniae and S. aureus in terms of average CFE and overall proportion of denture plaque. Of the participants, 37% suffered from denture stomatitis; however, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of respiratory pathogens on dentures between healthy and inflamed mouths.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings indicate that dentures can act as a reservoir for potential respiratory pathogens in the oral cavity, thus increasing the theoretical risk of developing aspiration pneumonia. Implementation of routine denture hygiene practices could help to reduce the risk of respiratory infection among the elderly population.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Denture, Complete; Humans; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Staphylococcus aureus; Stomatitis, Denture
PubMed: 26260391
DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12342 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Oct 2022Dental disclosants are used to distinguish the amount and location of dental plaque. Therefore, dental disclosants are useful for dental plaque management and effective...
OBJECTIVE
Dental disclosants are used to distinguish the amount and location of dental plaque. Therefore, dental disclosants are useful for dental plaque management and effective in motivating oral care. After reports on the cytotoxicity and carcinogenesis of dental disclosants containing erythrosine, many natural pigments for dental disclosants have been suggested. However, there are insufficient ingredients with proven biocompatibility for human subjects. The purpose of this study was to explore the suitability of Gardenia blue pigment as a dental disclosant.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Natural Gardenia blue pigment was used as the dental disclosant experimental group and 2Tone was used as the control group. The homogeneity of the panelists in the groups was identified by measuring the gingivitis index and dental plaque index of the subjects before the experiments. The degree of pigmentation on the tooth surface was observed immediately after coloring and after 1 h. The remaining pigment on the dental surface was also monitored after brushing the teeth. In the panelist test, the taste and sensation of the pigment were examined, and the overall preference for the pigment as a dental disclosant was examined.
RESULTS
After coloration of the tooth surface, neither the natural Gardenia blue pigment nor 2Tone imparted any special taste or sensation. The coloration of dental plaque with Gardenia blue pigment was similar to that of 2Tone, and the difference in the degree of coloration between Gardenia blue pigment and 2Tone was not statistically significant. The residual degree of pigmentation after 1 h of coloring was similar in both groups, but most of it was removed by brushing. There was no statistically significant difference in the overall preference of Gardenia blue pigment over 2Tone.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study prove that natural Gardenia blue pigment could be a suitable dental disclosant in terms of pigmentation and preference.
Topics: Dental Plaque; Erythrosine; Gardenia; Humans; Pigmentation; Rubiaceae
PubMed: 35822866
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.634 -
Molecular & Cellular Proteomics : MCP 2021Oral microbiome influences human health, specifically prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (Pre-DM/DM) and periodontal diseases (PDs), through complex microbial interactions....
Oral microbiome influences human health, specifically prediabetes and type 2 diabetes (Pre-DM/DM) and periodontal diseases (PDs), through complex microbial interactions. To explore these relations, we performed 16S rDNA sequencing, metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics analyses on supragingival dental plaque collected from individuals with Pre-DM/DM (n = 39), Pre-DM/DM and PD (n = 37), PD alone (n = 11), or neither (n = 10). We identified on average 2790 operational taxonomic units and 2025 microbial and host proteins per sample and quantified 110 metabolites and 415 lipids. Plaque samples from Pre-DM/DM patients contained higher abundance of Fusobacterium and Tannerella than plaques from metabolically healthy patients. Phosphatidylcholines, plasmenyl phosphatidylcholines, ceramides containing non-OH fatty acids, and host proteins related to actin filament rearrangement were elevated in plaques from PD versus non-PD samples. Cross-omic correlation analysis enabled the detection of a strong association between Lautropia and monomethyl phosphatidylethanolamine (PE-NMe), which is striking because synthesis of PE-NMe is uncommon in oral bacteria. Lipidomics analysis of in vitro cultures of Lautropia mirabilis confirmed the synthesis of PE-NMe by the bacteria. This comprehensive analysis revealed a novel microbial metabolic pathway and significant associations of host-derived proteins with PD.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacterial Proteins; Burkholderiaceae; Dental Plaque; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases; Proteomics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Young Adult
PubMed: 34332123
DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100126