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Journal of Clinical Periodontology May 2002Periodontal diseases are among the most frequent diseases affecting children and adolescents. These include gingivitis, localized or generalized aggressive periodontitis... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Periodontal diseases are among the most frequent diseases affecting children and adolescents. These include gingivitis, localized or generalized aggressive periodontitis (a.k.a., early onset periodontitis which includes generalized or localized prepubertal periodontitis and juvenile periodontitis) and periodontal diseases associated with systemic disorders. The best approach to managing periodontal diseases is prevention, followed by early detection and treatment.
METHODS
This paper reviews the current literature concerning the most common periodontal diseases affecting children: chronic gingivitis (or dental plaque-induced gingival diseases) and early onset periodontitis (or aggressive periodontitis), including prepubertal and juvenile periodontitis. In addition, systemic diseases that affect the periodontium and oral lesions commonly found in young children are addressed. The prevalence, diagnostic characteristics, microbiology, host-related factors, and therapeutic management of each of these disease entities are thoroughly discussed.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Aggressive Periodontitis; Candidiasis, Oral; Cheilitis; Child; Child, Preschool; Chronic Disease; Dental Plaque; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Disease; Gingival Overgrowth; Gingivitis; Glossitis, Benign Migratory; HIV Infections; Humans; Hypophosphatasia; Periodontal Diseases; Puberty; Stomatitis, Aphthous; Stomatitis, Herpetic
PubMed: 12060422
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-051x.2002.290504.x -
Journal of Dental Research Apr 2017The Global Burden of Disease 2015 study aims to use all available data of sufficient quality to generate reliable and valid prevalence, incidence, and... (Review)
Review
Global, Regional, and National Prevalence, Incidence, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for Oral Conditions for 195 Countries, 1990-2015: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors.
The Global Burden of Disease 2015 study aims to use all available data of sufficient quality to generate reliable and valid prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life year (DALY) estimates of oral conditions for the period of 1990 to 2015. Since death as a direct result of oral diseases is rare, DALY estimates were based on years lived with disability, which are estimated only on those persons with unmet need for dental care. We used our data to assess progress toward the Federation Dental International, World Health Organization, and International Association for Dental Research's oral health goals of reducing the level of oral diseases and minimizing their impact by 2020. Oral health has not improved in the last 25 y, and oral conditions remained a major public health challenge all over the world in 2015. Due to demographic changes, including population growth and aging, the cumulative burden of oral conditions dramatically increased between 1990 and 2015. The number of people with untreated oral conditions rose from 2.5 billion in 1990 to 3.5 billion in 2015, with a 64% increase in DALYs due to oral conditions throughout the world. Clearly, oral diseases are highly prevalent in the globe, posing a very serious public health challenge to policy makers. Greater efforts and potentially different approaches are needed if the oral health goal of reducing the level of oral diseases and minimizing their impact is to be achieved by 2020. Despite some challenges with current measurement methodologies for oral diseases, measurable specific oral health goals should be developed to advance global public health.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Cost of Illness; Female; Global Health; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Quality-Adjusted Life Years; Risk Factors; Stomatognathic Diseases; Young Adult
PubMed: 28792274
DOI: 10.1177/0022034517693566 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... 2004At present, the majority of the treatments that are performed in the clinic are due to disease entities involving the dental pulp and periapex. Dental pulp is a richly...
At present, the majority of the treatments that are performed in the clinic are due to disease entities involving the dental pulp and periapex. Dental pulp is a richly vascularized and innervated tissue, enclosed by surrounding tissues that are incapable of expanding, such as dentin. It has terminal blood flow and small-gauge circulatory access the periapex. All of these characteristics severely constrain the defensive capacity of the pulp tissue when faced with the different aggressions it may be subjected to. Pulp tissue can also be affected by a retrograde infection, arising from the secondary canaliculi, from the periodontal ligament or from the apex during the course of periodontitis. Due to the fact that periapical disease is almost inevitably preceded by pulp disease, we shall begin by describing the causes of pulp disease and will then proceed to a discussion of the causes of periapical disease. The course of illness and classification of these pathological entities will depend on the aetiology involved. We will analyse pulp necrosis and pulp degeneration that are capable of triggering reversible apical periodontitis or irreversible apical periodontitis.
Topics: Dental Pulp Necrosis; Disease Progression; Humans; Periapical Periodontitis; Pulpitis
PubMed: 15580137
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2009In recent years, many researchers have investigated the various factors that can influence body posture: mood states, anxiety, head and neck positions, oral functions... (Review)
Review
In recent years, many researchers have investigated the various factors that can influence body posture: mood states, anxiety, head and neck positions, oral functions (respiration, swallowing), oculomotor and visual systems, and the inner ear. Recent studies indicate a role for trigeminal afferents on body posture, but this has not yet been demonstrated conclusively. The present study aims to review the papers that have shown a relationship between the stomatognathic system and body posture. These studies suggest that tension in the stomatognathic system can contribute to impaired neural control of posture. Numerous anatomical connections between the stomatognathic system's proprioceptive inputs and nervous structures are implicated in posture (cerebellum, vestibular and oculomotor nuclei, superior colliculus). If the proprioceptive information of the stomatognathic system is inaccurate, then head control and body position may be affected. In addition, the present review discusses the role the myofascial system plays in posture. If confirmed by further research, these considerations can improve our understanding and treatment of muscular-skeletal disorders that are associated with temporomandibular joint disorders, occlusal changes, and tooth loss.
Topics: Facial Pain; Humans; Postural Balance; Posture; Spinal Curvatures; Stomatognathic System; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Trigeminal Nerve Diseases
PubMed: 19142553
DOI: 10.1590/s1807-59322009000100011 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Dec 2017To assess long-term attachment and periodontitis-related tooth loss (PTL) in untreated periodontal disease over 40 years.
OBJECTIVES
To assess long-term attachment and periodontitis-related tooth loss (PTL) in untreated periodontal disease over 40 years.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Data originated from the natural history of periodontitis study in Sri Lankan tea labourers first examined in 1970. In 2010, 75 subjects (15.6%) of the original cohort were re-examined.
RESULTS
PTL over 40 years varied between 0 and 28 teeth (mean 13.1). Four subjects presented with no PTL, while 12 were edentulous. Logistic regression revealed attachment loss as a statistically significant covariate for PTL (p < .004). Markov chain analysis showed that smoking and calculus were associated with disease initiation and that calculus, plaque, and gingivitis were associated with loss of attachment and progression to advanced disease. Mean attachment loss <1.81 mm at the age of 30 yielded highest sensitivity and specificity (0.71) to allocate subjects into a cohort with a dentition of at least 20 teeth at 60 years of age.
CONCLUSIONS
These results highlight the importance of treating early periodontitis along with smoking cessation, in those under 30 years of age. They further show that calculus removal, plaque control, and the control of gingivitis are essential in preventing disease progression, further loss of attachment and ultimately tooth loss.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Areca; Chronic Periodontitis; Dental Calculus; Dental Plaque; Disease Progression; Gingivitis; Habits; Hong Kong; Humans; Jaw, Edentulous, Partially; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Markov Chains; Mouth, Edentulous; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Time Factors; Tooth Loss; Young Adult
PubMed: 28733997
DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12782 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jan 2018The number of older people with dementia and a natural dentition is growing. Recently, a systematic review concerning the oral health of older people with dementia with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The number of older people with dementia and a natural dentition is growing. Recently, a systematic review concerning the oral health of older people with dementia with the focus on diseases of oral hard tissues was published.
OBJECTIVE
To provide a comprehensive literature overview following a systematic approach of the level of oral hygiene and oral health status in older people with dementia with focus on oral soft tissues.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. The following search terms were used: dementia and oral health or stomatognathic disease. A critical appraisal of the included studies was performed with the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) and Delphi list.
RESULTS
The searches yielded 549 unique articles, of which 36 were included for critical appraisal and data extraction. The included studies suggest that older people with dementia had high scores for gingival bleeding, periodontitis, plaque, and assistance for oral care. In addition, candidiasis, stomatitis, and reduced salivary flow were frequently present in older people with dementia.
CONCLUSIONS
The studies included in the current systematic review suggest that older people with dementia have high levels of plaque and many oral health problems related to oral soft tissues, such as gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets, stomatitis, mucosal lesions, and reduced salivary flow.
SCIENTIFIC RATIONALE FOR STUDY
With the aging of the population, a higher prevalence of dementia and an increase in oral health problems can be expected. It is of interest to have an overview of the prevalence of oral problems in people with dementia.
PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Older people with dementia have multiple oral health problems related to oral soft tissues, such as gingival bleeding, periodontal pockets, mucosal lesions, and reduced salivary flow.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS
The oral health and hygiene of older people with dementia is not sufficient and could be improved with oral care education of formal and informal caregivers and regular professional dental care to people with dementia.
Topics: Aged; Dementia; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Oral Health; Oral Hygiene
PubMed: 29143189
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2264-2 -
Science Progress 2021To evaluate the associations of impaction patterns of mandibular third molars (M3Ms) with pathologies caused by them. In this study, 262 patients with 432 impacted M3Ms...
To evaluate the associations of impaction patterns of mandibular third molars (M3Ms) with pathologies caused by them. In this study, 262 patients with 432 impacted M3Ms who referred in Shanghai Xuhui District Center were reviewed. The pathologies include pericoronitis, mandibular second molar (M2M) caries, and M2M distal periodontal pathology. The impaction patterns of M3Ms and the pathologies were examined, while the M2M outcomes after surgeries were evaluated. A χ test was used to analyze the data, with a value of <0.05 being considered statistically significant. Pericoronitis was the major symptom in all patients, whereas the propensities of M2M distal caries and periodontal pathologies increased in older patients. Soft tissue impacted and vertically angulated teeth were more associated with pericoronitis ( < 0.05); mesio-angular impacted teeth in less deep positions had greater risks of M2Ms distal caries ( < 0.05); mesio-angular and horizontal impacted teeth in relative deep positions were more likely to cause M2Ms distal periodontal pathologies ( < 0.05). Extractions of soft tissue impacted teeth in vertical angulations should be considered, while removals of mesially and horizontally angulated or bony impacted teeth could be delayed.
Topics: Aged; China; Humans; Mandible; Molar, Third; Pericoronitis; Tooth, Impacted
PubMed: 33913399
DOI: 10.1177/00368504211013247 -
Journal of Clinical Periodontology Jul 2009Dental plaque has been proven to initiate and promote gingival inflammation. Histologically, various stages of gingivitis may be characterized prior to progression of a...
BACKGROUND
Dental plaque has been proven to initiate and promote gingival inflammation. Histologically, various stages of gingivitis may be characterized prior to progression of a lesion to periodontitis. Clinically, gingivitis is well recognized.
MATERIAL & METHODS
Longitudinal studies on a patient cohort of 565 middle class Norwegian males have been performed over a 26-year period to reveal the natural history of initial periodontitis in dental-minded subjects between 16 and 34 years of age at the beginning of the study.
RESULTS
Sites with consistent bleeding (GI=2) had 70% more attachment loss than sites that were consistently non-inflamed (GI=0). Teeth with sites that were consistently non-inflamed had a 50-year survival rate of 99.5%, while teeth with consistently inflamed gingivae yielded a 50-year survival rate of 63.4%.
CONCLUSION
Based on this longitudinal study on the natural history of periodontitis in a dentally well-maintained male population it can be concluded that persistent gingivitis represents a risk factor for periodontal attachment loss and for tooth loss.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Dental Plaque; Disease Progression; Gingivitis; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Risk Factors; Tooth Loss; Young Adult
PubMed: 19432625
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01415.x -
Radiologia 2022Traumatic and especially inflammatory-infectious dental lesions are very prevalent in our context. Inflammatory-infectious disease is usually discovered incidentally on...
Traumatic and especially inflammatory-infectious dental lesions are very prevalent in our context. Inflammatory-infectious disease is usually discovered incidentally on imaging studies that include the orofacial region. Moreover, these conditions can result in potentially severe complications, so early diagnosis and treatment are important. Multidetector computed tomography offers good diagnostic performance for dental lesions, although the radiological findings can be subtle and can go undetected if the radiologist is not familiar with them. Likewise, invasive dental procedures are becoming increasingly common, and these can also result in complications. On the other hand, in daily practice a variety of radiolucent mandibular lesions or developmental anomalies can lead to erroneous interpretations. For these reasons, radiologists should be familiar with possible findings related with dental conditions.
Topics: Humans; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 36402543
DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.10.002 -
Australian Dental Journal Mar 2007Many different classification systems have been advocated for pulp diseases. However, most of them are based on histopathological findings rather than clinical findings...
Many different classification systems have been advocated for pulp diseases. However, most of them are based on histopathological findings rather than clinical findings which leads to confusion since there is little correlation between them. Most classifications mix clinical and histological terms resulting in misleading terminology and diagnoses. This in turn leads to further confusion and uncertainty in clinical practice when a rational treatment plan needs to be established in order to manage a specific pathological entity. A simple, yet practical classification of pulp diseases which uses terminology related to clinical findings is proposed. This classification will help clinicians understand the progressive nature of the pulp disease processes and direct them to the most appropriate and conservative treatment strategy for each condition. With a comprehensive knowledge of the pathophysiology of pain and inflammation in the pulp tissues, clinicians may accomplish this task with confidence.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Calcification; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dental Pulp Diseases; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Humans; Periapical Diseases; Pulpitis; Radiography; Tooth, Nonvital; Toothache
PubMed: 17546859
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2007.tb00522.x