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Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2018
Topics: Anemia; Cost of Illness; Delivery of Health Care; Diet; Global Health; Humans; Life Style; Noncommunicable Diseases; Risk Factors; Stomatognathic Diseases; Sugars
PubMed: 30588993
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_895_18 -
Annals of Anatomy = Anatomischer... Jan 2016Biofilms are naturally found in all wet environments including the oral structures of nearly all species. Human oral biofilms have existed since our earliest ancestors... (Review)
Review
Biofilms are naturally found in all wet environments including the oral structures of nearly all species. Human oral biofilms have existed since our earliest ancestors and have evolved symbiotically with the dentition over many millennia within a Palaeolithic, hunter-gatherer setting. Irrespective of the plant-animal ratio, it can be argued that the Palaeolithic diet was essentially acidic, and acted as a selective force for much of the evolution of the stomatognathic system. The relationship between saliva, biofilm and teeth, the 'sialo-microbial-dental complex', provides oral health benefits and offers a different perspective to the old dental paradigm that only associated oral biofilms (plaque) with disease (caries). This new paradigm emphasises that oral biofilms are essential for the 'mineral maintenance' of teeth. Oral biofilms provide physical protection from dietary acid and together with bacterial metabolic acids cause the resting pH of the biofilm to fall below neutral. This is then followed by the re-establishment of a neutral environment by chemical interactions mediated by the saliva within the biofilm. Such pH fluctuations are often responsible for the cyclic demineralisation, then remineralisation of teeth, a process necessary for tooth maturation. However, since the advent of farming and especially since the industrial revolution, the increase in consumption of carbohydrates, refined sugars and acidic drinks has changed the ecology of biofilms. Biofilm biodiversity is significantly reduced together with a proliferation of acidogenic and aciduric organisms, tipping the balance of the 'demin-remin' cycle towards net mineral loss and hence caries. In addition, the consumption of acidic drinks in today's societies has removed the protective nature of the biofilm, leading to erosion. Erosion and caries are 'modern-day' diseases and reflect an imbalance within the oral biofilm resulting in the demineralisation of teeth.
Topics: Acids; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Diet; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mouth; Oral Health; Saliva; Tooth; Tooth Demineralization; Tooth Erosion
PubMed: 25758745
DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2015.02.002 -
Radiologia 2022Traumatic and especially inflammatory-infectious dental lesions are very prevalent in our context. Inflammatory-infectious disease is usually discovered incidentally on...
Traumatic and especially inflammatory-infectious dental lesions are very prevalent in our context. Inflammatory-infectious disease is usually discovered incidentally on imaging studies that include the orofacial region. Moreover, these conditions can result in potentially severe complications, so early diagnosis and treatment are important. Multidetector computed tomography offers good diagnostic performance for dental lesions, although the radiological findings can be subtle and can go undetected if the radiologist is not familiar with them. Likewise, invasive dental procedures are becoming increasingly common, and these can also result in complications. On the other hand, in daily practice a variety of radiolucent mandibular lesions or developmental anomalies can lead to erroneous interpretations. For these reasons, radiologists should be familiar with possible findings related with dental conditions.
Topics: Humans; Multidetector Computed Tomography; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 36402543
DOI: 10.1016/j.rxeng.2022.10.002 -
Romanian Journal of Ophthalmology 2020This study aimed to determine the most frequent clinical aspects in patients with odontogenic orbital inflammation, the computed tomography (CT) aspect, and the most...
This study aimed to determine the most frequent clinical aspects in patients with odontogenic orbital inflammation, the computed tomography (CT) aspect, and the most appropriate treatment. This is a retrospective case-series study conducted on 3 patients with ages between 16 and 55 years old, in the Ophthalmology and Oro-Maxillo-Facial Clinics of "Sf. Spiridon" Emergency Hospital, Iași, Romania. The following investigations were performed in all selected cases: visual acuity (VA), ocular motility examination, anterior segment examination at slit-lamp, fundus examination, intraoral clinical examination, sinus and orbital involvement on CT scan, pathogens involved. All three patients presented swelling of the genic and periorbital regions, conjunctival chemosis, hyperemia of the conjunctiva, proptosis, pain, decreased vision and extraocular movement restriction. The CT examination identified orbital and periorbital cellulitis and ethmoidal expanded maxillary sinusitis or pansinusitis. Dental extraction, transalveolar drainage and orbital decompression were performed in all three cases. The evolution was favorable with remission of proptosis, edema of the genic and periorbital regions and conjunctival chemosis. Visual acuity remained poor in one case due to total optic nerve atrophy. Our study had a small number of patients, but the data was pertinent to ophthalmologists and maxillofacial surgeons who need to be aware of typical clinical features and the most common etiologies. Late treatment of dental infections can lead to severe ocular manifestations such as orbital cellulitis. Odontogenic orbital inflammation management involves a long-term and multidisciplinary approach. CT = computed tomography, VA = visual acuity, CBCT = cone beam computed tomography, TED = thyroid eye disease, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, OOC = odontogenic orbital cellulitis, RAPD = relative afferent pupillary defect.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Decompression, Surgical; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Orbital Cellulitis; Retrospective Studies; Stomatognathic Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 32685776
DOI: No ID Found -
International Dental Journal Aug 2022The oral cavity functions in eating, speaking, socializing, and serving as a natural barrier to external pathogens. In the prevention of oral function decline in older... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The oral cavity functions in eating, speaking, socializing, and serving as a natural barrier to external pathogens. In the prevention of oral function decline in older people, oral health conditions should be maintained through public health actions.
METHODS
This article discusses public health actions to prevent oral functional decline through addressing three major issues among older people: tooth loss, hyposalivation, and oral cancer. Negative impacts of tooth loss, hyposalivation, and oral cancer will be described, followed by describing public health approaches to prevent these problems RESULTS: Tooth loss, commonly caused by dental caries and periodontal diseases, affects one's ability to eat, speak, and socialize freely. Prevention of tooth loss can be done in clinical settings, community settings, and through national policies. Saliva plays an important role in eating, swallowing, and protecting oral mucosa from pathogens. The major causes of dry mouth are polypharmacy and the use of anticholinergic medications among older people. Public health actions to promote collaboration between dentists and doctors in the adjustment of drug prescriptions are warranted. Oral cancer can affect oral function largely both from the disease itself and from cancer treatments due to the destruction of oral structures and salivary gland function. Tobacco use and alcohol consumption are major risk factors for oral cancer; they also contribute to various systemic diseases and cancers of other organs.
CONCLUSIONS
Public health policies and interventions using the common risk factor approaches to tackle tobacco and alcohol consumption should be encouraged. Rather than focusing on older people, the prevention of oral function decline should be planned through a life-course perspective.
Topics: Aged; Dental Caries; Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases; Tooth Loss; Xerostomia
PubMed: 36031322
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.05.008 -
Journal of Dentistry Jan 2019
Topics: Oral Hygiene; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 30696550
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.09.004 -
Scientific Data Jun 2023When dentists see pediatric patients with more complex tooth development than adults during tooth replacement, they need to manually determine the patient's disease with...
When dentists see pediatric patients with more complex tooth development than adults during tooth replacement, they need to manually determine the patient's disease with the help of preoperative dental panoramic radiographs. To the best of our knowledge, there is no international public dataset for children's teeth and only a few datasets for adults' teeth, which limits the development of deep learning algorithms for segmenting teeth and automatically analyzing diseases. Therefore, we collected dental panoramic radiographs and cases from 106 pediatric patients aged 2 to 13 years old, and with the help of the efficient and intelligent interactive segmentation annotation software EISeg (Efficient Interactive Segmentation) and the image annotation software LabelMe. We propose the world's first dataset of children's dental panoramic radiographs for caries segmentation and dental disease detection by segmenting and detecting annotations. In addition, another 93 dental panoramic radiographs of pediatric patients, together with our three internationally published adult dental datasets with a total of 2,692 images, were collected and made into a segmentation dataset suitable for deep learning.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Algorithms; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Knowledge; Radiography, Panoramic; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 37316638
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02237-5 -
Israel Journal of Health Policy Research May 2019A recent study by Levy et al. presents the dental treatment needs of a large sample of combat soldiers. They found that 80% need some dental care.It is unfortunate that...
A recent study by Levy et al. presents the dental treatment needs of a large sample of combat soldiers. They found that 80% need some dental care.It is unfortunate that so many, educated, otherwise healthy young adults are in need of dental care and it indicates that more prevention of dental disease is needed.In last years, the Ministry of Health started two projects to prevent dental disease among the very young: In Mother and Child Health Centers and in kindergartens. In a couple of years, these projects will be widely implemented. With the School Dental Service, these two projects will cover all ages from birth to 18.In the future, with these programs implemented, soldiers should need less dental treatment.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Demography; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Humans; Records; Young Adult
PubMed: 31046811
DOI: 10.1186/s13584-019-0310-z -
The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical... Apr 2018In the last few decades, neurobiological and human brain imaging research have greatly advanced our understanding of brain mechanisms that support perception and memory,... (Review)
Review
In the last few decades, neurobiological and human brain imaging research have greatly advanced our understanding of brain mechanisms that support perception and memory, as well as their function in daily activities. Knowledge of the neurobiological mechanisms behind the deafferentation of stomatognathic systems has also expanded greatly in recent decades. In particular, current studies reveal that the peripheral deafferentations of stomatognathic systems may be projected globally into the central nervous system (CNS) and become an associated critical factor in triggering and aggravating neurodegenerative diseases. This review explores basic neurobiological mechanisms associated with the deafferentation of stomatognathic systems. Further included is a discussion on tooth loss and other dental deafferentation (DD) mechanisms, with a focus on dental and masticatory apparatuses associated with brain functions and which may underlie the changes observed in the aging brain. A new hypothesis is presented where DD and changes in the functionality of teeth and the masticatory apparatus may cause brain damage as a result of altered cerebral circulation and dysfunctional homeostasis. Furthermore, multiple recurrent reorganizations of the brain may be a triggering or contributing risk factor in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). A growing understanding of the association between DD and brain aging may lead to solutions in treating and preventing cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Aging; Alzheimer Disease; Brain; Causalgia; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dentition, Permanent; Hearing Loss; Humans; Mastication; Risk Factors; Stomatognathic System; Tooth Loss
PubMed: 29655412
DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2018.01.013 -
American Family Physician Feb 2003Dental caries, a bacterial disease of teeth characterized by destruction of enamel and dentine, is often the underlying cause of dental pain. When a carious lesion... (Review)
Review
Dental caries, a bacterial disease of teeth characterized by destruction of enamel and dentine, is often the underlying cause of dental pain. When a carious lesion impinges on the dental pulp, pulpitis follows and, ultimately, necrosis of the pulp occurs. Untreated necrosis may lead to a localized abscess or a spreading infection into the surrounding soft tissue that results in cellulitis. Immediate treatment involves antibiotic therapy for cellulitis, perhaps with drainage of abscesses, while definitive treatment requires root canal therapy or extraction of the involved tooth. Pericoronitis is an inflammation of the soft tissue overlying a partially erupted tooth. Localized cases respond to irrigation. Secondary cellulitis can develop. Definitive treatment may require surgical extraction of the underlying tooth or excision of the gum flap. Avulsion of a permanent tooth secondary to trauma is a true dental emergency. The tooth should be reimplanted on the spot, and the patient should be seen immediately by a dentist for splinting and antibiotic prophylaxis. Most dental problems can be prevented with regular dental care and steps to minimize risks of oral trauma.
Topics: Abscess; Dental Caries; Emergencies; Humans; Pain; Pain Management; Pulpitis; Referral and Consultation; Tooth Injuries
PubMed: 12588073
DOI: No ID Found