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International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021Dental caries and periodontal disease represent a health problem and a social cost for the entire population, and in particular for socio-economically disadvantaged... (Review)
Review
Dental caries and periodontal disease represent a health problem and a social cost for the entire population, and in particular for socio-economically disadvantaged individuals who are less resistant to disease. The aim of this review is to estimate the prevalence and severity of the two dental pathologies, caries and periodontal disease, in the different classes of socio-economically disadvantaged subjects and to understand which of them are most affected. A systematic search of the literature was performed in MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE and Web of Science after establishing a suitable search strategy for each database, using keywords related to socio-economically vulnerable classes and health outcomes. Socio-economically disadvantaged individuals are more susceptible to tooth decay and periodontal disease (with relative tooth loss) than non-vulnerable people. Additionally, when multiple vulnerabilities are combined in the same subject, these oral diseases worsen. There is no type of vulnerability more affected by caries and periodontitis than others, since overall they all have severe disease indices. The data from this systematic literature review might be useful for health policy makers looking to allocate more resources and services to socially disadvantaged individuals, resulting in making them more resilient to oral disease due to their social marginalization.
Topics: Dental Caries; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Oral Health; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Tooth Loss
PubMed: 34886085
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312360 -
Scientific Data Jun 2023When dentists see pediatric patients with more complex tooth development than adults during tooth replacement, they need to manually determine the patient's disease with...
When dentists see pediatric patients with more complex tooth development than adults during tooth replacement, they need to manually determine the patient's disease with the help of preoperative dental panoramic radiographs. To the best of our knowledge, there is no international public dataset for children's teeth and only a few datasets for adults' teeth, which limits the development of deep learning algorithms for segmenting teeth and automatically analyzing diseases. Therefore, we collected dental panoramic radiographs and cases from 106 pediatric patients aged 2 to 13 years old, and with the help of the efficient and intelligent interactive segmentation annotation software EISeg (Efficient Interactive Segmentation) and the image annotation software LabelMe. We propose the world's first dataset of children's dental panoramic radiographs for caries segmentation and dental disease detection by segmenting and detecting annotations. In addition, another 93 dental panoramic radiographs of pediatric patients, together with our three internationally published adult dental datasets with a total of 2,692 images, were collected and made into a segmentation dataset suitable for deep learning.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Algorithms; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Knowledge; Radiography, Panoramic; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 37316638
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02237-5 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2023Intelligent robotics and expert system applications in dentistry suffer from identification and detection problems due to the non-uniform brightness and low contrast in...
Intelligent robotics and expert system applications in dentistry suffer from identification and detection problems due to the non-uniform brightness and low contrast in the captured images. Moreover, during the diagnostic process, exposure of sensitive facial parts to ionizing radiations (e.g., X-Rays) has several disadvantages and provides a limited angle for the view of vision. Capturing high-quality medical images with advanced digital devices is challenging, and processing these images distorts the contrast and visual quality. It curtails the performance of potential intelligent and expert systems and disincentives the early diagnosis of oral and dental diseases. The traditional enhancement methods are designed for specific conditions, and network-based methods rely on large-scale datasets with limited adaptability towards varying conditions. This paper proposed a novel and adaptive dental image enhancement strategy based on a small dataset and proposed a paired branch Denticle-Edification network (Ded-Net). The input dental images are decomposed into reflection and illumination in a multilayer Denticle network (De-Net). The subsequent enhancement operations are performed to remove the hidden degradation of reflection and illumination. The adaptive illumination consistency is maintained through the Edification network (Ed-Net). The network is regularized following the decomposition congruity of the input data and provides user-specific freedom of adaptability towards desired contrast levels. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method improves visibility and contrast and preserves the edges and boundaries of the low-contrast input images. It proves that the proposed method is suitable for intelligent and expert system applications for future dental imaging.
Topics: Humans; Dental Pulp Calcification; Image Enhancement; Expert Systems; Robotics; Early Diagnosis; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 37002256
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30548-5 -
Oral Diseases Mar 2019Hereditary dentin disorders include dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and dentin dysplasia (DD), which are autosomal dominant diseases characterized by altered dentin... (Review)
Review
Hereditary dentin disorders include dentinogenesis imperfecta (DGI) and dentin dysplasia (DD), which are autosomal dominant diseases characterized by altered dentin structure such as abnormality in dentin mineralization and the absence of root dentin. Shields classified DGI into three subgroups and DD into two subtypes. Although they are all hereditary dentin diseases, they do not share the same causative genes. To date, the pathogenic genes of DGI type I, which is considered a clinical manifestation of syndrome osteogenesis imperfecta, include COL1A1 and COL1A2. Mutations of the DSPP gene, which encodes the dentin sialophosphoprotein, a major non-collagenous protein, are responsible for three isolated dentinal diseases: DGI-II, DGI-III, and DD-II. However, DD-I appears to be special in that researchers have found three pathogenicity genes-VPS4B, SSUH2, and SMOC2-in three affected families from different countries. It is believed that DD-I is a genetically heterogeneous disease and is distinguished from other types of dentin disorders. This review summarizes the DD-I literature in the context of clinical appearances, radiographic characteristics, and functions of its pathogenic genes and aims to serve clinicians in further understanding and diagnosing this disease.
Topics: ATPases Associated with Diverse Cellular Activities; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcium-Binding Proteins; Dentin Dysplasia; Dentinogenesis Imperfecta; Diagnosis, Differential; Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport; Genetic Heterogeneity; Humans; Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
PubMed: 29575674
DOI: 10.1111/odi.12861 -
JAMA Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Administration, Sublingual; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine, Naloxone Drug Combination; Narcotic Antagonists; Opioid-Related Disorders; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 36511932
DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.17485 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2017Melatonin is a hormone synthesised and secreted by the pineal gland and other organs. Its secretion, controlled by an endogenous circadian cycle, has been proven to... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Melatonin is a hormone synthesised and secreted by the pineal gland and other organs. Its secretion, controlled by an endogenous circadian cycle, has been proven to exert immunological, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects that can be beneficial in the treatment of certain dental diseases. This article is aimed at carrying out a review of the literature published about the use of melatonin in the dental field and summarising its potential effects. In this review article, an extensive search in different databases of scientific journals was performed with the objective of summarising all of the information published on melatonin use in dental diseases, focussing on periodontal diseases and dental implantology. Melatonin released in a natural way into the saliva, or added as an external treatment, may have important implications for dental disorders, such as periodontal disease, as well as in the osseointegration of dental implants, due to its anti-inflammatory and osseoconductive effects. Melatonin has demonstrated to have beneficial effects on dental pathologies, although further research is needed to understand the exact mechanisms of this molecule.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Dental Implants; Humans; Melatonin; Periodontal Diseases; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 28422058
DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040865 -
Saudi Medical Journal Mar 2016In this review, we summarized published reports that investigated the role of Nigella sativa (NS) and its active constituent, thymoquinone (TQ) in oral health and... (Review)
Review
In this review, we summarized published reports that investigated the role of Nigella sativa (NS) and its active constituent, thymoquinone (TQ) in oral health and disease management. The literature studies were preliminary and scanty, but the results revealed that black seed plants have a potential therapeutic effect for oral and dental diseases. Such results are encouraging for the incorporation of these plants in dental therapeutics and hygiene products. However, further detailed preclinical and clinical studies at the cellular and molecular levels are required to investigate the mechanisms of action of NS and its constituents, particularly TQ.
Topics: Benzoquinones; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp Diseases; Gingivitis; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Nigella sativa; Oral Health; Oral Ulcer; Periodontitis; Plant Extracts; Seeds; Stomatitis; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 26905343
DOI: 10.15537/smj.2016.3.13006 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2015Reactional episodes in leprosy are a result of complex interactions between the immune system, Mycobacterium leprae, and predisposing factors, including dental... (Review)
Review
Reactional episodes in leprosy are a result of complex interactions between the immune system, Mycobacterium leprae, and predisposing factors, including dental infections. To determine the main inflammatory mediators in the immunopathological process of dental infections and leprosy reactions, we conducted a systematic review of primary literature published between 1996 and 2013. A three-stage literature search was performed (Stage I, "leprosy reactions" and "inflammatory mediators"; Stage II, "dental infections" and "inflammatory mediators"; and Stage III, "leprosy reactions," "dental infections," and "inflammatory mediators"). Of the 911 eligible publications, 10 were selected in Stage I, 68 in Stage II, and 1 in Stage III. Of the 27 studied inflammatory mediators, the main proinflammatory mediators were IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-17; the main anti-inflammatory mediators were IL-10 and IL-4. Serum IL-6 and TNF-α concentrations were significant during periodontal and reactional lesion evolution; IFN-γ and IL-1β were associated with types 1 and 2 reactions and chronic periodontal disease. The proinflammatory mediators in dental infections and leprosy reactions, especially IL-6 and TNF-α, were similar across studies, regardless of the laboratory technique and sample type. IFN-γ and IL-1β were significant for leprosy reactions and periodontal diseases. This pattern was maintained in serum.
Topics: Animals; Cytokines; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Leprosy; Stomatognathic Diseases; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 26339136
DOI: 10.1155/2015/548540 -
Philosophy, Ethics, and Humanities in... Oct 2019Despite their shared origins, medicine and dentistry are not always two sides of the same coin. There is a long history in medical philosophy of defining disease and...
BACKGROUND
Despite their shared origins, medicine and dentistry are not always two sides of the same coin. There is a long history in medical philosophy of defining disease and various medical models have come into existence. Hitherto, little philosophical and phenomenological work has been done considering dental caries and periodontitis as examples of disease and illness.
METHODS
A philosophical methodology is employed to explore how we might define dental caries and periodontitis using classical medical models of disease - the naturalistic and normativist. We identify shared threads and highlight how the features of these highly prevalent dental diseases prevent them fitting in either definition. The article describes phenomenology and the current thought around the phenomenology of illness, exploring how and why these dental illnesses might integrate into a phenomenological model.
RESULTS
We discover that there are some features particular to dental caries and periodontitis: ubiquity, preventability and hyper-monitorablility. Understanding the differences that these dental diseases have compared to many other classically studied diseases leads us to ethical questions concerning how we might manage those who have symptoms and seek treatment. As dental caries and periodontitis are common, preventable and hyper-monitorable, it is suggested that these features affect the phenomenology of these illnesses. For example, if we experience dental illness when we have consciously made decisions that have led to it, do we experience them differently to those rarer illnesses that we cannot expect? Other diseases share these features are discussed.
CONCLUSIONS
This paper highlights the central differences between the classical philosophical notion of disease in medicine and the dental examples of caries and periodontitis. It suggests that a philosophical method of conceptualising medical illness - phenomenology - should not be applied to these dental illnesses without thought. A phenomenological analysis of any dental illness is yet to be done and this paper highlights why a separate strand of phenomenology should be explored, instead of employing those that are extant. The article concludes with suggestions for further research into the nascent field of the phenomenology of dental illness and aims to act as a springboard to expose the dental sphere to this philosophical method of analysis.
Topics: Dental Caries; Humans; Life Style; Periodontitis; Philosophy, Medical
PubMed: 31655613
DOI: 10.1186/s13010-019-0084-5 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2018
Topics: Cost of Illness; Delivery of Health Care; Healthcare Disparities; Humans; India; Oral Health; Psychology; Stomatognathic Diseases; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 30127185
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.IJDR_512_18