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BMC Oral Health May 2024Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. Besides skeletal abnormalities, CCD is often associated with dental complications, such as...
BACKGROUND
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder. Besides skeletal abnormalities, CCD is often associated with dental complications, such as multiple supernumerary teeth and permanent teeth impaction or delayed eruption.
METHODS
Supernumerary teeth of axial, sagittal and coronal CBCT view was characterized in detail and 3D image reconstruction was performed. Number and location of teeth, morphology of supernumerary teeth, positional relationship between supernumerary and adjacent permanent teeth, direction of supernumerary teeth in CCD patients were analyzed.
RESULTS
The mean age of the 3 CCD patients in this study was 16.7 years. Among 36 supernumerary teeth, the majority of them were identified as apical side located and lingual side located. Normal orientation was the most common type in this study, followed by sagittal orientation, and horizontal orientation. Horizontal orientation teeth were all distributed in the mandible. Supernumerary teeth exhibited significantly shorter crown and dental-root lengths, as well as smaller crown mesiodistal and buccolingual diameters (P < 0.01). There was no difference in the number of supernumerary teeth between the maxilla and mandible, and the premolars region had the largest number of supernumerary teeth and the incisor region had the smallest number.
CONCLUSIONS
This study compares number and location of teeth, morphology of supernumerary teeth, positional relationship between supernumerary and adjacent permanent teeth and direction of supernumerary teeth, this study also provides a reference for the comprehensive evaluation of CCD patients before surgery.
Topics: Humans; Cleidocranial Dysplasia; Tooth, Supernumerary; Imaging, Three-Dimensional; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Adolescent; Male; Female; Tooth Crown; Tooth Root; Odontometry; Young Adult; Mandible; Bicuspid; Maxilla; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 38760743
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-04353-z -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023Inflammatory cells and cytokines in the chronically injured mucosa promote fibrosis in the oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) fibrotic milieu. Osteopontin (OPN) is a...
BACKGROUND
Inflammatory cells and cytokines in the chronically injured mucosa promote fibrosis in the oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) fibrotic milieu. Osteopontin (OPN) is a wound-healing mediator that upregulates the inflammatory response and is involved in the malignancy and fibrosis of multiple organ systems.
OBJECTIVES
We investigated the expression of OPN in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) and oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) to determine its role in the malignant transformation and fibrosis of oral tissues. The expression of OPN in OPMDs and OSCCs was compared and correlated, and the role of OPN as a fibrotic mediator in OSF was explained.
STUDY DESIGN
A total of 30 cases of normal mucosa and OPMDs (mild dysplasia, severe dysplasia, OSF and OSCCs) were studied by purposive sampling. In these groups, OPN immunoreactivity was examined and correlated with clinical findings.
RESULTS
In mild dysplasia, OPN expression was restricted to the basal cell layer with moderate staining intensity. In severe dysplasia, it was extremely intense and extended throughout the epithelium. In the OSF, OPN expression was moderate in the perinuclear areas of the basal cell layer. The expression of OPN was very strong in OSCC. A flow diagram explaining the profibrotic role of OPN in OSF has been provided.
CONCLUSION
A positive role of OPN in both pathogenesis and malignant transformation of OPMDs and OSCC has been demonstrated.
PubMed: 38304518
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_492_22 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2014The maturation stage of enamel development begins once the final tissue thickness has been laid down. Maturation includes an initial transitional pre-stage during which... (Review)
Review
The maturation stage of enamel development begins once the final tissue thickness has been laid down. Maturation includes an initial transitional pre-stage during which morphology and function of the enamel organ cells change. When this is complete, maturation proper begins. Fully functional maturation stage cells are concerned with final proteolytic degradation and removal of secretory matrix components which are replaced by tissue fluid. Crystals, initiated during the secretory stage, then grow replacing the tissue fluid. Crystals grow in both width and thickness until crystals abut each other occupying most of the tissue volume i.e. full maturation. If this is not complete at eruption, a further post eruptive maturation can occur via mineral ions from the saliva. During maturation calcium and phosphate enter the tissue to facilitate crystal growth. Whether transport is entirely active or not is unclear. Ion transport is also not unidirectional and phosphate, for example, can diffuse out again especially during transition and early maturation. Fluoride and magnesium, selectively taken up at this stage can also diffuse both in an out of the tissue. Crystal growth can be compromised by excessive fluoride and by ingress of other exogenous molecules such as albumin and tetracycline. This may be exacerbated by the relatively long duration of this stage, 10 days or so in a rat incisor and up to several years in human teeth rendering this stage particularly vulnerable to ingress of foreign materials, incompletely mature enamel being the result.
PubMed: 25339913
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00388 -
Dermatology Online Journal Jul 2013Ectodermal dysplasias are a large group of syndromes characterized by anomalies in the structures of ectodermal origin. There are 2 major types of this disorder, based... (Review)
Review
Ectodermal dysplasias are a large group of syndromes characterized by anomalies in the structures of ectodermal origin. There are 2 major types of this disorder, based on clinical findings: hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia and hidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. This clinical classification is very important because clinical professionals involved with this disease need first a clear and practical method of diagnosis. The main oral manifestation of ectodermal dysplasia may be expressed as hypodontia. Thus, dental professionals may be the first to diagnose ectodermal dysplasia. The present article reports one case of each of the main types (hypohidrotic and hidrotic) of ectodermal dysplasia and the authors review the literature regarding the pathogenesis, clinical features, and therapeutic management of this condition.
Topics: Abnormalities, Multiple; Adolescent; Adult; Anodontia; Ectodermal Dysplasia; Ectodermal Dysplasia 1, Anhidrotic; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Hypotrichosis; Keratoderma, Palmoplantar; Male
PubMed: 24010518
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Jul 2023Pyrrhus of Epirus, widely respected and feared by his contemporaries, was a legendary figure in the ancient world. In this paper, we investigate Plutarch's description... (Review)
Review
Pyrrhus of Epirus, widely respected and feared by his contemporaries, was a legendary figure in the ancient world. In this paper, we investigate Plutarch's description of the king's unique dental pathology. There are several possibilities to explain the ancient king's presentation, including several different types of developmental dysplasia. However, our conclusion is that it was likely due to a significant dental calculus overgrowth, often seen in the ancient Greek diet of the time. Whatever the underlying cause, Pyrrhus' intimidating visage helped secure the king a legacy that lasts to this day.
PubMed: 37621791
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.42356 -
Journal of Oral Biology and... 2014Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia- clefting syndrome (also k/a. split hand- split foot malformation
/split hand-split foot ectodermal dysplasia- cleft... Ectrodactyly-ectodermal dysplasia- clefting syndrome (also k/a. split hand- split foot malformation
/split hand-split foot ectodermal dysplasia- cleft syndrome/ectodermal dysplasia cleft lip/cleft palate syndrome) a rare form of ectodermal dysplasia, is an autosomal dominant disorder inherited as a genetic trait and characterized by a triad of (i) ectrodactyly, (ii) ectodermal dysplasia and, (iii) & facial clefts. PubMed: 25737931
DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2014.08.002 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2005Cemento-osseous dysplasia is probably the most common fibro-osseous lesion encountered in clinical practice. It is thought to be a reactive phenomenon that arises from...
Cemento-osseous dysplasia is probably the most common fibro-osseous lesion encountered in clinical practice. It is thought to be a reactive phenomenon that arises from elements within the periodontal ligament. Here we present a case of 37-year-old female patient, who reported for a regular dental check-up. Incidentally, mixed radiopaque-radiolucent lesions were found bilaterally in the radiograph. Based on the clinical examination and radiographic evaluation, we arrived at a diagnosis of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia.
Topics: Adult; Cementoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Mandibular Neoplasms; Radiography, Bitewing; Radiography, Panoramic
PubMed: 16454327
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Family Medicine and Primary... Aug 2020Myofibroblasts are thought to play critical roles in inflammation, growth, repair, premalignancy, and malignancy. This study was done to evaluate, compare and co- relate...
Comparison of expression of myofibroblasts in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma using α-SMA and vimentin: An immunohistochemical study.
BACKGROUND
Myofibroblasts are thought to play critical roles in inflammation, growth, repair, premalignancy, and malignancy. This study was done to evaluate, compare and co- relate the progressive increase in the immunohistochemical expression of myofibroblasts in normal oral mucosa, epithelial dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). To compare and co-relate the expression of myofibroblasts in normal oral mucosa, epithelial dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. To co-relate the progressive increase in myofibroblasts expression in normal oral mucosa, epithelial dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma.
MATERIALS AND METHOD
Forty-nine paraffin-embedded tissue blocks with 7 cases of normal oral mucosa, 21 cases of epithelial dysplasia, and 21 diagnosed cases of OSCCs were studied. The samples were subjected to heat-induced antigen retrieval methods followed by staining using primary mouse monoclonal antibodies against α-smooth muscle actin (SMA) and vimentin. Staining index of all the sections was calculated. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test. Values of less than or equal to 0.05 ( ≤ 0.05) were considered statistically significant.
RESULTS
Statistically significant staining index was obtained by α-SMA and vimentin between normal oral mucosa, epithelial dysplasia, and OSCC.
CONCLUSION
Myofibroblast may play a role only during initial tumorigenesis that is the conversion of severe dysplasia into OSCC.
PubMed: 33110862
DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_172_20 -
Cell Stem Cell Jun 2021Personalized in vitro models for dysplasia and carcinogenesis in the pancreas have been constrained by insufficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells...
Personalized in vitro models for dysplasia and carcinogenesis in the pancreas have been constrained by insufficient differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) into the exocrine pancreatic lineage. Here, we differentiate hPSCs into pancreatic duct-like organoids (PDLOs) with morphological, transcriptional, proteomic, and functional characteristics of human pancreatic ducts, further maturing upon transplantation into mice. PDLOs are generated from hPSCs inducibly expressing oncogenic GNAS, KRAS, or KRAS with genetic covariance of lost CDKN2A and from induced hPSCs derived from a McCune-Albright patient. Each oncogene causes a specific growth, structural, and molecular phenotype in vitro. While transplanted PDLOs with oncogenic KRAS alone form heterogenous dysplastic lesions or cancer, KRAS with CDKN2A loss develop dedifferentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas. In contrast, transplanted PDLOs with mutant GNAS lead to intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasia-like structures. Conclusively, PDLOs enable in vitro and in vivo studies of pancreatic plasticity, dysplasia, and cancer formation from a genetically defined background.
Topics: Animals; Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal; Humans; Mice; Mutation; Organoids; Pancreatic Ducts; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Proteomics
PubMed: 33915078
DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2021.03.005 -
Dentistry Journal Dec 2021Primary osteosarcomas of the jaw (OSJ) are rare, accounting for 6% of all osteosarcomas. This study aims to determine the value of SATB2 and MDM2 immunohistochemistry...
Primary osteosarcomas of the jaw (OSJ) are rare, accounting for 6% of all osteosarcomas. This study aims to determine the value of SATB2 and MDM2 immunohistochemistry (IHC) in differentiating OSJ from other jawbone mimickers, such as benign fibro-osseous lesions (BFOLs) of the jaw or Ewing sarcoma of the jaw. Certain subsets of osteosarcoma harbor a supernumerary ring and/or giant marker chromosomes with amplification of the 12q13-15 region, including the murine double-minute type 2 (MDM2) and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) genes. Special AT-rich sequence-binding protein 2 (SATB2) is an immunophenotypic marker for osteoblastic differentiation. Cases of OSJ, BFOLs (ossifying fibroma and fibrous dysplasia) of the jaw, and Ewing sarcoma of the jaw were retrieved from the Departments of Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Dentistry, Obafemi Awolowo University and Lagos State University College of Medicine, Nigeria. All OSJ retrieved showed histologic features of high-grade osteosarcoma. IHC for SATB2 (clone EP281) and MDM2 (clone IF2), as well as fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for MDM2 amplification, were performed on all cases. SATB2 was expressed in a strong intensity and diffuse staining pattern in all cases (11 OSJ, including a small-cell variant, 7 ossifying fibromas, and 5 fibrous dysplasias) except in Ewing sarcoma, where it was negative in neoplastic cells. MDM2 was expressed in a weak to moderate intensity and scattered focal to limited diffuse staining pattern in 27% (3/11) of cases of OSJ and negative in all BFOLs and the Ewing sarcoma. amplification was negative by FISH in interpretable cases. In conclusion, the three cases of high-grade OSJs that expressed MDM2 may have undergone transformation from a low-grade osteosarcoma (LGOS). SATB2 is not a dependable diagnostic marker to differentiate OSJ from BFOLs of the jaw; however, it could serve as a valuable diagnostic marker in differentiating the small-cell variant of OSJ from Ewing sarcoma of the jaw, while MDM2 may be a useful diagnostic marker in differentiating OSJ from BFOLs of the jaw, especially in the case of an LGOS or high-grade transformed osteosarcoma.
PubMed: 35049602
DOI: 10.3390/dj10010004