-
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) Mar 2008To investigate the evidence for sealants as a means to prevent caries in children and adolescents and, in the presence of suitable supporting evidence, to develop a... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the evidence for sealants as a means to prevent caries in children and adolescents and, in the presence of suitable supporting evidence, to develop a protocol for the application of sealants.
METHODS
Previous systematic reviews on this topic were used as the basis for the current review. Ovid MEDLINE, CINAHL and several other relevant bibliographic databases were searched for English-language articles, with human subjects, published from 2000 to 2007.
RESULTS
A total of 303 articles were identified by the literature search; relevance was determined by examining the title and abstract of the articles. Thirty-eight original research studies met the inclusion criteria. These articles were read in full and scored independently by 2 reviewers, and evidence was extracted for development of recommendations.
RECOMMENDATIONS
The following recommendations are based on the evidence gathered in this review: 1. Sealants should be placed on all permanent teeth without cavitation (i.e., teeth that are free of caries, teeth that have deep pit and fissure morphology, teeth with "sticky" fissures or teeth with stained grooves) as soon after eruption as isolation can be achieved. 2. Sealants should not be placed on partially erupted teeth or teeth with cavitation or caries of the dentin. 3. Sealants should be placed on the primary molars of children who are susceptible to caries (i.e., those with a history of caries). 4. Sealants should be placed on first and second molars within 4 years after eruption. 5. Resin-based sealants should be preferred, until such time as glass ionomer cements with better retention capacity are developed. 6. Sealants should be placed as part of an overall prevention strategy based on assessment of caries risk.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Composite Resins; Cost-Benefit Analysis; DMF Index; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Vulnerable Populations
PubMed: 18353204
DOI: No ID Found -
Community Dentistry and Oral... Oct 2022Healthcare (including dental care) service use is influenced by predisposing, enabling and need factors. One area with limited research is the association of...
OBJECTIVES
Healthcare (including dental care) service use is influenced by predisposing, enabling and need factors. One area with limited research is the association of acculturation (defined as behavioural changes in the adaptation to another culture) as a predisposing factor for dental care preventive service use. Preventive service use is a primary objective of Healthy People, 2030. The purpose of this study was to determine the association of acculturation with the preventive dental service use of dental pit-and-fissure sealant placement, among children in the United States, ages 6-18 years.
METHODS
A cross-sectional, secondary data analysis study was completed using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2013-2016 data. NHANES is a nationally representative survey of noninstitutionalized individuals across the United States. In the data set, children, ages 6-18 years, had been evaluated for pit-and-fissure dental sealant use. Information that served as proxies for acculturation was length of stay in the United States (a citizen at the time of the survey; not a citizen and in the country <5 years; or not a citizen and in the country ≥5 years) and whether English was spoken at home (yes; no). Data were analysed for descriptive statistics. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to examine strength of the associations. Odds ratios for pit-and-fissure sealants among groups were determined.
RESULTS
There were 2220 children participants whose data were used for this study. Less than half (45.5%) had received dental pit-and-fissure sealants. A majority (53.3%) were white and were ages 12-18 years (51.6%). The mean number of dental pit-and-fissure sealants among all children was 5.5. There was a lower percentage of children living in the United States <5 years who had received pit-and-fissure sealants than children who were citizens of the United States (22.2% vs 48.9%, respectively). The adjusted odds ratio was lower for dental pit-and-fissure sealants among children who were in the United States <5 years than children who were citizens of the United States (adjusted odds ratio, 0.38; 95% Confidence Interval: 0.24, 0.58).
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, children who had lived in the United States <5 years were less likely to have pit-and-fissure sealants than children who were citizens of the United States. There is a need to reach all children with preventive services to improve dental quality of life, reduce the need for dental restorations and decrease overall financial burden regardless of time in the United States.
Topics: Acculturation; Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Humans; Nutrition Surveys; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Quality of Life; United States
PubMed: 34251694
DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12678 -
International Dental Journal Feb 2016This study aimed to evaluate the influence of pre-photoactivation temperature on the marginal and internal integrity (occurrence of voids) of fissure-sealing materials...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of pre-photoactivation temperature on the marginal and internal integrity (occurrence of voids) of fissure-sealing materials on occlusal fissures using optical coherence tomography (OCT).
METHODS
Occlusal fissures of 40 human third molars were sealed using a resin-based fissure sealant (Fluroshield) and a flowable composite (Permaflo) photoactivated at 68 °C (preheated) or at room temperature (25 °C) (n=10). After sealing, the teeth were subjected to thermocycling (500 cycles, 5-55 °C) and 14 days of pH cycling (demineralisation for 6 hours/day and remineralisation for 18 hours/day). The occlusal surfaces were scanned in a buccolingual direction, and 20 tomographic images parallel to the long axis of each tooth were obtained. Images presenting marginal gaps and internal voids were counted and statistically analysed using analysis of variance and Tukey's test (P<0.05).
RESULTS
There were statistically significant differences between materials and temperatures (P<0.01). The flowable composite had a lower percentage of gaps and internal voids than the resin-based sealant. Preheated materials had a lower percentage of gaps and internal voids than the materials at room temperature.
CONCLUSION
Therefore, preheated flowable composite provided the best marginal sealing of fissures, and internal homogeneity of the material.
Topics: Dental Leakage; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Temperature; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 26477993
DOI: 10.1111/idj.12191 -
Medicine and Pharmacy Reports Dec 2019Pit and fissure sealant placement corresponds to an effective approach of the prevention of caries on occlusal surfaces. Fissure morphology and dental material...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Pit and fissure sealant placement corresponds to an effective approach of the prevention of caries on occlusal surfaces. Fissure morphology and dental material characteristics are the key factors for sealant effectiveness. The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the penetration ability of two commercially available pit and fissure sealants.
METHODS
Twenty sound human premolars extracted for orthodontic purpose have been sealed according to manufacturer's instructions as follows: Group I (n=10), light-cured unfilled resin-based sealant, Admira Seal® (Voco GmbH); Group II (n=10), resin modified glass ionomer sealant without varnish, GC Fuji Triage® (GC Corporation). The teeth have been sectioned buccal-lingually in the middle of the occlusal surface, and the sections were examined at 40× with an inverted microscope.
RESULTS
Penetration of the sealants was found to be greater in U-type fissure pattern (91.69%) followed by V-type (75.42%), IK-type (71.24%) and then in I-type (63.98%). The depth of penetration of GC Fuji Triage® (82.85%) demonstrated to be superior to Admira Seal® (76.28%).
CONCLUSION
U fissure design was more common than other fissure patterns and showed significantly higher penetration for the two type of sealants evaluated. Resin modified glass ionomer sealant used in the present study perform comparably with the filled resin sealant.
PubMed: 31989109
DOI: 10.15386/mpr-1517 -
Journal of Public Health Dentistry Jun 2023To assess disparities in preventive dental service use in four major racial/ethnic groups and assess whether racial/ethnic and income-related disparities among children...
OBJECTIVE
To assess disparities in preventive dental service use in four major racial/ethnic groups and assess whether racial/ethnic and income-related disparities among children were reduced from 2016 to 2020.
METHODS
Data were from the 2016 and 2020 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH). The outcomes of interest were having dental sealants, fluoride treatment, and dental caries in the past 12 months. Racial/ethnic groups included non-Hispanic (NH) whites, blacks, Hispanics, Asians, and others. Family income level was categorized as below or above the 200% federal poverty level (low-income vs. high-income). Children ages 2-17 were included (N = 161,539). All data were self-reported by parents/guardians. We estimated the trends of racial/ethnic disparities in having fluoride treatment, dental sealants, and dental caries from 2016 to 2020 and tested two 2-way interactions (i.e., year by race/ethnicity, year by income) and one 3-way interaction (year by income by race/ethnicity) to assess the change in disparities from 2016 to 2020.
RESULTS
Overall, no significant trends in receipt of fluoride treatment, dental sealants, or having dental caries were found from 2016 to 2020 among the racial/ethnic groups, except for a decreasing trend in dental sealants for Asian American children (p = 0.03). Overall, NH white children were more likely to have received preventive dental services than children from minority groups (all p < 0.05); Asian American children (AOR = 1.31) were more likely to have dental caries than NH white children.
CONCLUSION
Disparities in receipt of evidence-based preventive services by children persisted. Continuous efforts are needed to promote the use of preventive dental services among children of minority populations.
Topics: Humans; Child; United States; Dental Caries; Fluorides; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Ethnicity; Dental Care; Healthcare Disparities
PubMed: 36883255
DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12563 -
International Journal of Clinical... 2018To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and the presence of fissure sealants on the first permanent molars (FPMs) among 6 to 9 years old primary school boys in...
AIMS
To evaluate the prevalence of dental caries and the presence of fissure sealants on the first permanent molars (FPMs) among 6 to 9 years old primary school boys in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The carious status and the presence of fissure sealants on the FPMs were examined in 1844 schoolboys, aged 6-9 years (the first three grades), from 17 randomly selected primary schools in Riyadh city, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.Chi-square test was used to assess the significance of differences in prevalence and proportions.
RESULTS
A total of 5394 FPMs were assessed in the 1844 children. Eighty-three point five percent of children were caries free. Only 0.8% of the children had at least one fissure sealant applied. At tooth level, the decayed FPMs counted for 10.6%. There was obvious underuse of fissure sealants on the FPMs; 0.5% (n = 25). The caries prevalence in the mandibular FPMs (14.4%), was significantly higher than in the maxillary FPMs, 7.7% (p < 0.01). The proportion of carious FPMs increased with age of the children significantly (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in the proportion of the presence of fissure sealants among the three different grade/age groups (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Caries prevalence in the FPMs was moderate but serious amongst this cohort of young students. This was opposed with very low use of fissure sealants.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Careful examination of the first permanent molars among children is mandatory because of their high caries susceptibility. It is important to increase public and dental professionals' awareness of the effectiveness of fissure sealants and encouraging more placement. Aldossary MS, Alamri AA, Alshiha SA, Hattan MA, Alfraih YK, Alwayli HM. Prevalence of Dental Caries and Fissure Sealants in the First Permanent Molars among Male Children in Riyadh, Kingdom Saudi Arabia. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent., 2018;11(5):365-370.
PubMed: 30787547
DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1541 -
Caries Research 2012Carious lesions are distributed nonuniformly across tooth surfaces of the complete dentition, suggesting that the effects of risk factors may be surface-specific.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Carious lesions are distributed nonuniformly across tooth surfaces of the complete dentition, suggesting that the effects of risk factors may be surface-specific. Whether genes differentially affect caries risk across tooth surfaces is unknown. We investigated the role of genetics on two classes of tooth surfaces, pit and fissure surfaces (PFS) and smooth surfaces (SMS), in more than 2,600 subjects from 740 families. Participants were examined for surface-level evidence of dental caries, and caries scores for permanent and/or primary teeth were generated separately for PFS and SMS. Heritability estimates (h(2), i.e. the proportion of trait variation due to genes) of PFS and SMS caries scores were obtained using likelihood methods. The genetic correlations between PFS and SMS caries scores were calculated to assess the degree to which traits covary due to common genetic effects. Overall, the heritability of caries scores was similar for PFS (h(2) = 19-53%; p < 0.001) and SMS (h(2) = 17-42%; p < 0.001). Heritability of caries scores for both PFS and SMS in the primary dentition was greater than in the permanent dentition and total dentition. With one exception, the genetic correlation between PFS and SMS caries scores was not significantly different from 100%, indicating that (mostly) common genes are involved in the risk of caries for both surface types. Genetic correlation for the primary dentition dfs (decay + filled surfaces) was significantly less than 100% (p < 0.001), indicating that genetic factors may exert differential effects on caries risk in PFS versus SMS in the primary dentition.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Appalachian Region; Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; DMF Index; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dental Enamel; Dental Fissures; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genetic Variation; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Genetic; Phenotype; Population Surveillance; Quantitative Trait, Heritable; Tooth Loss; Tooth, Deciduous; Young Adult
PubMed: 22286298
DOI: 10.1159/000335099 -
Biomaterial Investigations in Dentistry 2023The occlusal surface of a tooth is affected by the development of biofilm in pits and fissures as bacteria and food particles accumulate in its complex structure. In...
The occlusal surface of a tooth is affected by the development of biofilm in pits and fissures as bacteria and food particles accumulate in its complex structure. In this study, miswak fibers containing cellulose and antimicrobial extract were incorporated in commercial pit and fissure sealants. The miswak powder was characterized by different analytical techniques. The powder was mixed in different ratios (0-5%) into a pit and fissure sealant to result in five sealants (Groups 0-5), and their mechanical properties i.e. flexural strength, compressive strength, and Vickers hardness were evaluated. The sealants were also evaluated against oral pathogenic bacteria. SEM analysis confirmed irregular shape and micron-size particles of miswak powder. The infrared spectral analysis and X-ray differential peaks showed characteristic peaks related to miswak fibers. The particle appearance increased in prepared pits and fissure sealants with higher loading of miswak powder in SEM analysis. The flexural strength, compressive strength, and Vickers hardness values were obtained in the range of 148-221 (±16.6: -value < 0.001) MPa, 43.1-50.3 MPa (±1.7: value <0.001), and 15.2-21.26 VHN (±0.56: -value <0.001) for control and prepared sealant specimens respectively. In the antibacterial study, the zone of inhibitions increased with increased content of miswak from 15.6 ± 0.45 mm (Group 1) to 20.3 ± 0.32 mm (Group 5). The MIC was calculated to be 0.039%. The prepared experimental sealant had acceptable mechanical and good antibacterial properties therefore it could be recommended as an efficient pit and fissure sealant.
PubMed: 38204475
DOI: 10.1080/26415275.2023.2271972 -
Australian Dental Journal Jun 2011Thorough reviews of pit and fissure sealant are available in the literature. It is the intent of this paper to focus on the clinical aspects of pit and fissure sealant... (Review)
Review
Thorough reviews of pit and fissure sealant are available in the literature. It is the intent of this paper to focus on the clinical aspects of pit and fissure sealant application and the most recent publications that support an evidence-based clinical application technique. Pit and fissure sealants were introduced in 1971 based on the pioneering studies of Buonocore. Additional work initiated by Handelman in 1972 looked specifically at what happens to the bacteria trapped underneath a sealant. Concerns that such entrapment could lead to propagation, or continued development, of caries under a well-sealed area, were mitigated by this and many other succeeding studies. It remains clear that the application of pit and fissure sealant to newly-erupted posterior (and occasionally, anterior) teeth is the best method we have in dentistry to prevent pit and fissure caries, and/or to prevent the continued development of incipient caries into frank caries when the incipient lesion is sealed over with resin.
Topics: Cariostatic Agents; Color; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Dental Fissures; Fluorides; Humans; Light-Curing of Dental Adhesives; Particle Size; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Self-Curing of Dental Resins
PubMed: 21564115
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2010.01295.x -
Acta Stomatologica Croatica Jun 2021To evaluate the effectiveness of two pit and fissure sealants (PFS) in reducing the incidence of dental caries in schoolchildren.
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the effectiveness of two pit and fissure sealants (PFS) in reducing the incidence of dental caries in schoolchildren.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A randomized split-mouth experimental design was used in a sample of 140 subjects assigned to two groups. The sealants used were Clinpro©3M and BeautiSealant©Shofu placed in first permanent molars (FPMs). Each sealant was compared to molars in the controls to determine effectiveness over a period of 6 months. The study had a 12.9% loss to follow-up. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were observed for sex, age, baseline dmft, or type of sealants. Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Average dmft index at baseline was 4.10±3.16. Lower incidence of caries was observed in FPMs with pit and fissure sealants (p<0.01), regardless of the type used. When sealants remained intact there was a lower caries incidence compared to sealants partially or completely missing - but differences were only significant for FPM 16. Caries incidence was higher for BeautiSealant sealed teeth than for Clinpro's, but only statistically significant in FPMs 16, 36 and 46 (p< 0.05). Caries incidence was higher in those cases with a higher baseline dmft but it only reached statistical significance in FPMs 26 and 36. Relative risks for dental caries were lower in sealed teeth (p<0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
Pit and fissures sealants are an effective preventive treatment to reduce caries during a 6-month follow-up in schoolchildren 6 to 8 years of age, regardless of the type of sealant used. The sealant brand that showed greater effectiveness in terms of prevention and retention was Clinpro©3M.
PubMed: 34248147
DOI: 10.15644/asc55/2/3