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Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 2022To examine the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue cephalometric effects of class II correction using Invisalign's mandibular advancement feature in growing patients.
OBJECTIVE
To examine the skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue cephalometric effects of class II correction using Invisalign's mandibular advancement feature in growing patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A retrospective cohort clinical study was performed on cases that were started between 2017 and 2019. A total of 32 patients (13 females, 19 males), with an average age of 13 years old (9.9-14.8 years) had undergone Invisalign treatment (Align Technology, Inc., San Jose, CA) wherein the mandibular advancement phase was completed were included. Photos, digital study models, and cephalograms were taken once during the patients' initial visit and again upon completing the mandibular advancement phase of treatment. The number of aligners worn and the time of treatment in months was recorded for each subject. Cephalometric analysis was performed and overjet and overbite were measured. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software (version 25; SPSS, Chicago, Ill) and the level of significance was set at <0.05. Descriptive statistics were performed to generate means and differences for each cephalometric measurement as well as patient data including age, treatment time, and aligner number. Differences between measurements from patients before treatment (T1) and after treatment (T2) with the mandibular advancement feature were evaluated using a paired -test.
RESULTS
All 32 patients had multiple jumps staged for the precision wings, i.e., incremental advancement. The average length of treatment for the MA phase was 9.2 months (7.5-13.8 months) and the average number of aligners used during this time was 37 (30-55). Statistically significant differences between T1 and T2, in favor of class II correction, were observed in the ANB angle, WITS appraisal, facial convexity, and mandibular length. The nasolabial angle, overjet, and overbite also showed statistically significant changes between T1 and T2.
CONCLUSION
Invisalign aligners with the mandibular advancement feature took approximately 9 months for 1.5 mm of overjet correction. The lower incisor angulation was maintained during class II correction. The minimal skeletal changes are in favor of class II correction.
PubMed: 36128356
DOI: 10.25259/JCIS_64_2022 -
Journal of International Society of... 2022The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nation-wide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in Saudi... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this article is to establish a comprehensive nation-wide prevalence of malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space in Saudi Arabia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A systematic search was conducted in three databases (Medline via PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science) and complemented with a manual search of Google Scholar and the reference list of included studies. Original studies of Saudi Arabian healthy individuals at any age were included. The quality and the risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute's appraisal tool. The data about the selected malocclusion traits on the sagittal, vertical, and transverse planes of space were extracted and pooled.
RESULTS
Out of 7163 identified titles, 11 studies were finally included. The risk of bias was high in two studies, moderate in eight studies, and low in one study. The studied age groups were from early childhood to late adulthood, with a total sample size of 19,169 participants. The majority of the studies recruited their sample from school/public sources, whereas the remaining three studies recruited their sample from dental (non-orthodontic) clinics.
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this study, pooled prevalence of Angle's Class I molar relation in Saudi Arabia was similar to other populations but Angle's Class II and Class III molar relations were lower and higher, respectively. These differences could be attributed to population-related differences in craniofacial morphology. Teeth crowding, teeth spacing, and midline shift, along with increased overjet and overbite, were among the most common malocclusion traits occurring in Saudi Arabia.
PubMed: 35281679
DOI: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_251_21 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... Apr 2021To identify the association of occlusal disorders in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To identify the association of occlusal disorders in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD).
STUDY DESIGN
A literature review was conducted, and articles published between 2010 and 2019 were searched on Bireme and PubMed websites and in MEDLINE and LILACS databases, in English, Portuguese, and Spanish, using the keywords "malocclusion," "sickle cell disease," and "cephalometry," combined by Boolean operators AND and OR. One of the criteria for the selection of articles was the presence of adolescents in the sample. This methodology followed the PRISMA recommendations. Seventy-nine articles were found, seven of which were included in the review as they met the inclusion criteria and the study goals.
RESULTS
The prevalence of malocclusion in SCD patients ranged from 62.9% to 100%, which was considered very severe in 30.1% to 80.6%. The most common occlusal changes were Angle's class II malocclusion, increased maxillary overjet, and anterior open bite. In addition, class II skeletal pattern was the most prevalent due to mandibular retrusion.
CONCLUSION
Malocclusion prevalence in SCD patients is high and considered to be a risk factor, with a significant rate of very severe malocclusion when compared to healthy patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Anemia, Sickle Cell; Cephalometry; Humans; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Open Bite; Overbite
PubMed: 33951171
DOI: 10.17796/1053-4625-45.2.8 -
Nutrients Jul 2023Increased dental overjet in adolescence is a clinically relevant outcome associated with the complexity and high cost of treatment, indicating the need for prevention... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Increased dental overjet in adolescence is a clinically relevant outcome associated with the complexity and high cost of treatment, indicating the need for prevention strategies. We investigated the long-term impact of breastfeeding and pacifier use on increased overjet (IOVJ) in permanent dentition. A prospective cohort nested in a randomized controlled trial was conducted from birth to 12 years of age ( = 214). Breastfeeding and pacifier use were recorded monthly until 12 months. Overjet was assessed at age 12 years. We employed a causal mediation analysis using parametric regression models assuming no interaction between breastfeeding and pacifier usage. We found a total protective effect of breastfeeding on IOVJ (OR 0.49; 95% CI 0.28-0.96), where 63.1% were mediated by pacifier use (OR 0.61; 95% CI 0.44-0.87). Breastfeeding directly decreased the odds of IOVJ by 20%; however, the confidence interval included the null estimate (OR 0.81; 95% CI 0.41-1.60). In conclusion, breastfeeding protects by half of the IOVJ in adolescence through reducing pacifier use. Oral and general health professionals should collaborate to support WHO breastfeeding guidelines during individual patient counseling. Guidelines for practice, policy or public information require messages that include a common risk approach to oral and general health.
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Adolescent; Infant; Child; Breast Feeding; Cohort Studies; Prospective Studies; Pacifiers; Parturition
PubMed: 37571340
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153403 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2023An increase in life expectancy was observed in the past years. Consequently, the knowledge of the maturational changes in the occlusion is highly important to guide...
INTRODUCTION
An increase in life expectancy was observed in the past years. Consequently, the knowledge of the maturational changes in the occlusion is highly important to guide clinicians during treatment planning.
OBJECTIVE
In this article, the occlusal and facial aging changes occurred during almost 50 years of follow-up are described. A normal occlusion sample from Bauru Dental School, University of São Paulo, Brazil, was evaluated at 13 (T1), 17 (T2) and 60 (T3) years of age. The maturational changes observed in digital dental models and cephalometric radiographs were presented. A revision of the aging process, under the gerontology and psychology perspectives, was also explored.
DISCUSSION
Maturational changes in non-treated individuals were very delicate. Mandibular crowding, decrease in the overbite, changes in the maxillary second molar position, increase in the clinical crown length, dental wear and discoloration were observed.
CONCLUSION
Compared to the remarkable facial and skin changes during aging, the occlusion seems to be the most stable feature of the face during the aging process.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
An adequate oral care throughout lifetime makes the smile the best memory of youth at mature ages.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Malocclusion; Overbite; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Dental Occlusion; Molar; Mandible; Cephalometry; Maxilla
PubMed: 36790248
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.27.6.e22spe6 -
TheScientificWorldJournal 2021This study aimed at finding out whether anterior teeth angulation and inclination have a relationship with the maxillary teeth and dental arch dimensions.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed at finding out whether anterior teeth angulation and inclination have a relationship with the maxillary teeth and dental arch dimensions.
METHODS
Fifty study models with normal occlusion were selected from the archive of the Department of Orthodontics at Baghdad Dental Faculty. Maxillary dental arch width and length at different points were determined in addition to measuring anterior teeth angulation, inclination, crown thickness, overjet, overbite, and Bolton's ratios. The unpaired -test and Pearson's correlation coefficient test were used for data analysis.
RESULTS
No statistical gender differences were reported in all measurements except the dental arch widths and length where males had significantly higher mean values. Only the maxillary incisor's inclination showed a direct weak significant correlation with the total arch length.
CONCLUSIONS
The inclination of upper incisors had a minimal effect on increasing dental arch length.
Topics: Adult; Dental Arch; Dental Occlusion; Female; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Tooth; Young Adult
PubMed: 34650346
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8993734 -
Head & Face Medicine Feb 2021The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between body posture and sagittal dental overjet in children before and after early orthodontic treatment with...
BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between body posture and sagittal dental overjet in children before and after early orthodontic treatment with removable functional orthodontic appliances.
METHODS
Angle Class II patients (mean age 8.2 ± 1.2 years; 29 males and 25 females) with a distinctly enlarged overjet (> 9 mm) were retrospectively examined regarding body posture parameters before and after early orthodontic treatment. In addition, changes in overjet were investigated with the aid of plaster models. Forms of transverse dysgnathism (crossbite, lateral malocclusions) and open bite cases were excluded. Body posture parameters kyphosis, lordosis, surface rotation, pelvic tilt, pelvic torsion and trunk imbalance were analyzed by means of rasterstereographical photogrammetry to determine, if the orthodontic overjet correction is associated with specific changes in posture patterns.
RESULTS
In nearly all patients an overjet correction and an improvement regarding all body posture and back parameters could be noted after early orthodontic treatment. Overjet reduction (- 3.9 mm ± 2.1 mm) and pelvic torsion (- 1.28° ± 0,44°) were significantly (p < 0.05) and moderately correlated (R = 0.338) with no significant associations found for the other posture and back parameters (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION
Overjet reduction during early orthodontic treatment may be associated with a detectable effect on pelvic torsion.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Orthodontic Appliances, Functional; Posture; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33546715
DOI: 10.1186/s13005-021-00255-5 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Apr 2019This study examined the prevalence, socio-demographic correlates, and clinical predictors of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the primary dentition among a...
This study examined the prevalence, socio-demographic correlates, and clinical predictors of traumatic dental injuries (TDIs) in the primary dentition among a community-based sample of preschool-age children. The sample comprised 1,546 preschool-age children (mean age 49 [range: 24-71] months) in North Carolina public preschools, enrolled in a population-based investigation among young children and their parents in North Carolina. Information on socio-demographic, extraoral, and intraoral characteristics was collected and analyzed with bivariate and multivariate methods, including logistic regression modeling and marginal effects estimation. The prevalence of dental trauma was 47% and 8% of TDI cases were "severe" (pulp exposure, tooth displacement, discolored or necrotic tooth, or tooth loss). In bivariate analyses, overjet and lip incompetence were significantly associated with TDI. Overjet remained positively associated with severe trauma in multivariate analysis, = 1.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) [1.2, 1.6], corresponding to an absolute 1.3%, 95% CI [0.7, 1.8], increase in the likelihood of severe trauma, per millimeter of overjet. Children with increased overjet (>3 mm) were 3.8, 95% CI [2.0, 7.4], times as likely to have experienced severe TDI compared with those with ≤3 mm. Overjet is a strong risk factor for TDIs in the primary dentition. Incorporating and operationalizing this information may help TDI prevention and related anticipatory guidance for families of preschool-age children.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Dental Pulp Exposure; Female; Humans; Lip; Male; North Carolina; Overbite; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Fractures; Tooth Injuries; Tooth Loss; Trauma Severity Indices
PubMed: 31049218
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.165 -
Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 2020To evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusion in children suffering from β-thalassemia and to assess orthodontic treatment need using Grainger's Treatment...
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the prevalence and severity of malocclusion in children suffering from β-thalassemia and to assess orthodontic treatment need using Grainger's Treatment Priority Index (TPI) and index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN)-dental health component (DHC).
METHODS
A cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 transfusion-dependent children diagnosed with homozygous β-thalassemia and 200 healthy school children aged 11-17 years. The TPI and IOTN-DHC data was recorded for both groups. Total TPI score for each subject was calculated and graded according to malocclusion severity estimate (MSE). Independent sample t-test was used to compare mean TPI scores, overjet and overbite between thalassemic and healthy children. Chi-square test was used to compare the frequency of IOTN-DHC grades, Angle's classification, and MSE grades between thalassemic and healthy children.
RESULTS
The most prevalent malocclusion was Class I in normal children (67.5%) and Class II in thalassemic children (59%). The mean overjet and overbite were significantly (p<0.001) greater in thalassemic children than in healthy children. Severe tooth displacements were 3.5 times greater in thalassemic children, compared to controls. A greater proportion of thalassemic children were in IOTN grades 3 and 4, compared to the controls (p<0.001). MSE grades 4 and 5 were significantly (p<0.001) more prevalent in thalassemic children, compared to the controls.
CONCLUSION
There is a high prevalence of Angle's Class II malocclusion in thalassemic children. Majority of these children are categorized in higher grades of IOTN-DHC and TPI-MSE, showing a great severity of malocclusion and high orthodontic treatment needs.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need; Malocclusion; Malocclusion, Angle Class II; Orthodontics, Corrective; beta-Thalassemia
PubMed: 33503121
DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.25.6.26.e1-9.onl -
Journal of Clinical Medicine Feb 2021The aim of this study was to assess the effect of overjet and overbite on profile shape in middle-aged individuals.
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of overjet and overbite on profile shape in middle-aged individuals.
METHODS
The study population comprised 1754 46-year-old individuals, members of the 1966 Northern Finland Birth Cohort. Their profile images were digitized using 48 landmarks and semi-landmarks. The subsequent landmark coordinates were then transformed to shape coordinates through Procrustes Superimposition, and final data were reduced into Principal Components (PCs) of shape. Overjet and overbite values were measured manually, during a clinical examination. A multivariate regression model was developed to evaluate the effect of overjet and overbite on profile shape.
RESULTS
The first nine PCs described more than 90% of profile shape variation in the sample and were used as the shape variables in all subsequent analyses. Overjet predicted 21.3% of profile shape in the entire sample (ηoverjet = 0.213; < 0.001), while the effect of overbite was weaker (ηoverbite = 0.138; < 0.001). In males, the equivalent effects were 22.6% for overjet and 14% for overbite, and in females, 25.5% and 13.5%, respectively.
CONCLUSION
Incisor occlusion has a noteworthy effect on profile shape in middle-aged adults. Its impact becomes more significant taking into consideration the large variety of genetic and environmental factors affecting soft tissue profile.
PubMed: 33671163
DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040800