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Romanian Journal of Morphology and... 2016Dental stem niches (DSNs) reside in different dental tissues, being of particular importance in tissue engineering and dental regeneration procedures. The present paper... (Review)
Review
Dental stem niches (DSNs) reside in different dental tissues, being of particular importance in tissue engineering and dental regeneration procedures. The present paper aims to review the DSNs from the view of niche inhabitants, either extrinsic, such as cells of the myeloid lineage, or intrinsic, such as endothelial cells, perivascular cells and spindle-shaped stromal cells, e.g., telocytes. DSNs harbor different dental stem÷progenitor cell morphologies, in different stages of differentiation and with various potentialities, the angiogenic potential with respect to regenerative endodontic procedures being emphasized here. It seems therefore important to consider the DSNs as being heterogeneous, for a better understanding of an accurate identification of niche team players in regenerative medicine.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Humans; Phenotype; Stem Cell Niche
PubMed: 28174783
DOI: No ID Found -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Jan 2016Amelogenin is an extracellular matrix protein well known for its role in the organization and mineralization of enamel. Clinically, it is used for periodontal...
BACKGROUND
Amelogenin is an extracellular matrix protein well known for its role in the organization and mineralization of enamel. Clinically, it is used for periodontal regeneration and, due to its finding also in predentin and intercellular spaces of dental pulp cells, it has recently been suggested for pulp capping procedures. The aim of this study was to analyse in vitro the effect of the recombinant human full-length amelogenin on the growth and differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs).
METHODS
Human DPSCs were treated with a supplement of amelogenin at a concentration of 10 ng/ml, 100 ng/ml and 1000 ng/ml. The groups were compared to the unstimulated control in terms of cell morphology and proliferation, mineralization and gene expression for ALP (alkaline phosphatase), DMP1 (dentin matrix protein-1) and DSPP (dentin sialophosphoprotein).
RESULTS
Amelogenin affects hDPSCs differently than PDL (periodontal ligament) cells and other cell lines. The proliferation rate at two weeks is significantly reduced in presence of the highest concentration of amelogenin as compared to the unstimulated control. hDPSCs treated with low concentrations present a downregulation of DMP1 and DSPP, which is significant for DSPP (p = 0.011), but not for DMP1 (p = 0.395).
CONCLUSIONS
These finding suggest that the role of full-length amelogenin is not restricted to participation in tooth structure. It influences the differentiation of hDPSC according to various concentrations and this might impair the clinical results of pulp capping.
Topics: Adult Stem Cells; Amelogenin; Biomarkers; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cell Shape; Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Gene Expression; Humans; Odontogenesis; Regeneration
PubMed: 26762641
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0269-9 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2019Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have multipotent differentiation and a self-renewal ability. They have been useful not only for... (Review)
Review
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that have multipotent differentiation and a self-renewal ability. They have been useful not only for dental diseases, but also for systemic diseases. Extensive studies have suggested that DPSCs are effective for various diseases, such as spinal cord injuries, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, myocardial infarction, muscular dystrophy, diabetes, liver diseases, eye diseases, immune diseases, and oral diseases. DPSCs have the potential for use in a cell-therapeutic paradigm shift to treat these diseases. It has also been reported that DPSCs have higher regenerative potential than the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells known as representative MSCs. Therefore, DPSCs have recently gathered much attention. In this review, the therapeutic potential of DPSCs, the latest progress in the pre-clinical study for treatment of these various systemic diseases, and the clinical applications of DPSCs in regenerative medicine, are all summarized. Although challenges, including mechanisms of the effects and establishment of cell processing and transplantation methods for clinical use, still remain, DPSCs could be promising stem cells sources for various clinical applications, because of their easy isolation by a noninvasive procedure without ethical concerns.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Regenerative Medicine
PubMed: 30845639
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051132 -
Journal of Dental Research Dec 2014Stemming from in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical and human models, tissue-engineering-based strategies continue to demonstrate great potential for the regeneration of the... (Review)
Review
Stemming from in vitro and in vivo pre-clinical and human models, tissue-engineering-based strategies continue to demonstrate great potential for the regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex, particularly in necrotic, immature permanent teeth. Nanofibrous scaffolds, which closely resemble the native extracellular matrix, have been successfully synthesized by various techniques, including but not limited to electrospinning. A common goal in scaffold synthesis has been the notion of promoting cell guidance through the careful design and use of a collection of biochemical and physical cues capable of governing and stimulating specific events at the cellular and tissue levels. The latest advances in processing technologies allow for the fabrication of scaffolds where selected bioactive molecules can be delivered locally, thus increasing the possibilities for clinical success. Though electrospun scaffolds have not yet been tested in vivo in either human or animal pulpless models in immature permanent teeth, recent studies have highlighted their regenerative potential both from an in vitro and in vivo (i.e., subcutaneous model) standpoint. Possible applications for these bioactive scaffolds continue to evolve, with significant prospects related to the regeneration of both dentin and pulp tissue and, more recently, to root canal disinfection. Nonetheless, no single implantable scaffold can consistently guide the coordinated growth and development of the multiple tissue types involved in the functional regeneration of the pulp-dentin complex. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive perspective on the latest discoveries related to the use of scaffolds and/or stem cells in regenerative endodontics. The authors focused this review on bioactive nanofibrous scaffolds, injectable scaffolds and stem cells, and pre-clinical findings using stem-cell-based strategies. These topics are discussed in detail in an attempt to provide future direction and to shed light on their potential translation to clinical settings.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Humans; Prosthesis Design; Regeneration; Root Canal Therapy; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 25201917
DOI: 10.1177/0022034514549809 -
Regenerative Medicine Sep 2009Dental pulp tissue is vulnerable to infection. Entire pulp amputation followed by pulp-space disinfection and filling with an artificial rubber-like material is employed... (Review)
Review
Dental pulp tissue is vulnerable to infection. Entire pulp amputation followed by pulp-space disinfection and filling with an artificial rubber-like material is employed to treat the infection - commonly known as root-canal therapy. Regeneration of pulp tissue has been difficult as the tissue is encased in dentin without collateral blood supply except from the root apical end. However, with the advent of the concept of modern tissue engineering and the discovery of dental stem cells, regeneration of pulp and dentin has been tested. This article will review the early attempts to regenerate pulp tissue and the current endeavor of pulp and dentin tissue engineering, and regeneration. The prospective outcome of the current advancement in this line of research will be discussed.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Dentin; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Regeneration; Regenerative Medicine; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 19761395
DOI: 10.2217/rme.09.45 -
Stem Cell Research & Therapy Dec 2018Adult stem cells are excellent cell resource for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been discovered and well known in various... (Review)
Review
Adult stem cells are excellent cell resource for cell therapy and regenerative medicine. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been discovered and well known in various application. Here, we reviewed the history of dental pulp stem cell study and the detail experimental method including isolation, culture, cryopreservation, and the differentiation strategy to different cell lineage. Moreover, we discussed the future potential application of the combination of tissue engineering and of DPSC differentiation. This review will help the new learner to quickly get into the DPSC filed.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Dental Pulp; Humans; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 30545418
DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1094-8 -
Journal of Endodontics Apr 2017Dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to regenerate dentin and dental pulp tissue because of their differentiation capacity and angiogenic...
INTRODUCTION
Dental pulp-derived stem cells (DPSCs) have the potential to regenerate dentin and dental pulp tissue because of their differentiation capacity and angiogenic properties. However, for regenerative approaches to gain regulatory and clinical acceptance, protocols are needed to determine more feasible ways to cultivate DPSCs, namely, without the use of xenogeneic-derived components (animal sera) and exogenous growth factors.
METHODS
In this study, human DPSCs were isolated from third molars and expanded in standard culture conditions containing fetal bovine serum (DPSCs-FBS) or conditions containing human serum (DPSCs-HS). After cell characterization and evaluation of their angiogenic secretome, DPSCs were seeded in tooth slice/scaffolds and implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice. After 30 days, tooth slices were retrieved and evaluated for dental pulp tissue regeneration. Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used to quantify blood vessel formation and evaluate predentin and dentin formation.
RESULTS
After culture, DPSCs-HS produced concentrations of angiogenic growth factors equivalent to DPSCs-FBS. Additionally, in DPSCs-HS, several angiogenic factors were produced in at least 1-fold higher concentrations than in DPSCs-FBS. In vivo, it was determined that DPSCs-HS produced a robust angiogenic response and regeneration of dentin equivalent to DPSCs-FBS.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings show that DPSCs can be isolated and expanded to clinical scale numbers in media devoid of animal serum or exogenous growth factors and still maintain their pulp regenerative properties. The implications of these findings are significant for further development of clinical protocols using DPSCs in cell therapies.
Topics: Adolescent; Cell Proliferation; Culture Media; Dental Pulp; Humans; Microscopy, Confocal; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Regeneration; Stem Cells; Tissue Scaffolds; Young Adult
PubMed: 28216268
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2016.11.018 -
International Journal of Medical... 2022In the maxillofacial area, soft and hard tissue abnormalities are caused by trauma, tumors, infection, and other causes that expose the maxillofacial region to the... (Review)
Review
In the maxillofacial area, soft and hard tissue abnormalities are caused by trauma, tumors, infection, and other causes that expose the maxillofacial region to the surface of the human body. Patients' normal physiological function and appearance are interfered with, and their mental health is adversely impacted, reducing their overall life quality. The pursuit of appropriate medical treatments to correct these abnormalities is thus vital. Autologous stem cell regeneration technology mainly focused on tissues has lately emerged as a significant problem in the medical community. Because of the capacity of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) to self-renew, the use of DPSCs from the human pulp tissues of deciduous teeth or permanent teeth has gained popularity among scientists as a stem cell-based therapy option. Aside from that, they are simple to extract and have minimal immunogenicity. As a result, bone tissue engineering may be a critical component in treating maxillofacial and periodontal bone abnormalities. DPSCs activity in maxillofacial and periodontal tissue-engineered bone tissue was investigated in this research.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Surgery, Oral; Tissue Engineering
PubMed: 35165516
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.68494 -
Clinical Oral Investigations May 2024To obtain and compare the protein profiles of supernumerary and normal permanent dental pulp tissues. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVES
To obtain and compare the protein profiles of supernumerary and normal permanent dental pulp tissues.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Dental pulp tissues were obtained from supernumerary and normal permanent teeth. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS). Protein identification and quantification from MS data was performed with MaxQuant. Statistical analysis was conducted using Metaboanalyst to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (P-value < 0.05, fold-change > 2). Gene Ontology enrichment analyses were performed with gProfiler.
RESULTS
A total of 3,534 proteins were found in normal dental pulp tissue and 1,093 in supernumerary dental pulp tissue, with 174 DEPs between the two groups. This analysis revealed similar functional characteristics in terms of cellular component organization, cell differentiation, developmental process, and response to stimulus, alongside exclusive functions unique to normal permanent dental pulp tissues such as healing, vascular development and cell death. Upon examination of DEPs, these proteins were associated with the processes of wound healing and apoptosis.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the protein profile of dental pulp tissue, including the first such profiling of supernumerary permanent dental pulp. There are functional differences between the proteomic profiles of supernumerary and normal permanent dental pulp tissue, despite certain biological similarities between the two groups. Differences in protein expression were identified, and the identified DEPs were linked to the healing and apoptosis processes.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This discovery enhances our knowledge of supernumerary and normal permanent pulp tissue, and serves as a valuable reference for future studies on supernumerary teeth.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Proteomics; Tooth, Supernumerary; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Chromatography, Liquid; Male; Female; Adolescent; Dentition, Permanent; Child
PubMed: 38758416
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05698-z -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2012Stem cells of the dental pulp are a population of postnatal stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential. These cells are derived from the neural... (Review)
Review
Stem cells of the dental pulp are a population of postnatal stem cells with multilineage differentiation potential. These cells are derived from the neural ectomesenchyme, similar to most craniofacial tissues, and specific niches in the pulp have been identified. Since the isolation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) and stem cells from exfoliating deciduous teeth (SHED), numerous studies have attempted to define and characterize these cells, and embryonic stem cell features have been reported in both DPSC and SHED. These cells have a vast repertoire of differentiation - osteogenic, odontogenic, myogenic, adipogenic, neurogenic, and melanocytic, and have even demonstrated transdifferentiation to corneal cells and islet cells of pancreas. The combined advantages of multipotency/pluripotency and the relative ease of access of pulp tissue for autologous use render DPSC/ SHED attractive options in regenerative dentistry and medicine. This review gives a bird's eye view of current knowledge with respect to stem cells from the dental pulp.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Embryonic Stem Cells; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Humans; Multipotent Stem Cells; Pluripotent Stem Cells; Stem Cells; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 23257502
DOI: 10.4103/0970-9290.104977