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International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2021A subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells, developmentally derived from multipotent neural crest cells that form multiple facial tissues, resides within the dental pulp... (Review)
Review
A subpopulation of mesenchymal stem cells, developmentally derived from multipotent neural crest cells that form multiple facial tissues, resides within the dental pulp of human teeth. These stem cells show high proliferative capacity in vitro and are multipotent, including adipogenic, myogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, and neurogenic potential. Teeth containing viable cells are harvested via minimally invasive procedures, based on various clinical diagnoses, but then usually discarded as medical waste, indicating the relatively low ethical considerations to reuse these cells for medical applications. Previous studies have demonstrated that stem cells derived from healthy subjects are an excellent source for cell-based medicine, tissue regeneration, and bioengineering. Furthermore, stem cells donated by patients affected by genetic disorders can serve as in vitro models of disease-specific genetic variants, indicating additional applications of these stem cells with high plasticity. This review discusses the benefits, limitations, and perspectives of patient-derived dental pulp stem cells as alternatives that may complement other excellent, yet incomplete stem cell models, such as induced pluripotent stem cells, together with our recent data.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Models, Biological
PubMed: 33668763
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052269 -
Journal of Endodontics Jun 2015Dental pulp regeneration is a part of regenerative endodontics, which includes isolation, propagation, and re-transplantation of stem cells inside the prepared root... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Dental pulp regeneration is a part of regenerative endodontics, which includes isolation, propagation, and re-transplantation of stem cells inside the prepared root canal space. The formation of new blood vessels through angiogenesis is mandatory to increase the survival rate of re-transplanted tissues. Angiogenesis is defined as the formation of new blood vessels from preexisting capillaries, which has great importance in pulp regeneration and homeostasis. Here the contribution of human dental pulp stem cells and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors to angiogenesis process and regeneration of dental pulp is reviewed.
METHODS
A search was performed on the role of angiogenesis in dental pulp regeneration from January 2005 through April 2014. The recent aspects of the relationship between angiogenesis, human dental pulp stem cells, and proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors in regeneration of dental pulp were assessed.
RESULTS
Many studies have indicated an intimate relationship between angiogenesis and dental pulp regeneration. The contribution of stem cells and mechanical and chemical factors to dental pulp regeneration has been previously discussed.
CONCLUSIONS
Angiogenesis is an indispensable process during dental pulp regeneration. The survival of inflamed vital pulp and engineered transplanted pulp tissue are closely linked to the process of angiogenesis at sites of application. However, the detailed regulatory mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of angiogenesis in pulp tissue require investigation.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Humans; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation
PubMed: 25649306
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.12.019 -
Current Protocols in Human Genetics Jan 2017A major issue in studying human neurogenetic disorders, especially rare syndromes affecting the nervous system, is the ability to grow neuronal cultures that accurately...
A major issue in studying human neurogenetic disorders, especially rare syndromes affecting the nervous system, is the ability to grow neuronal cultures that accurately represent these disorders for analysis. Although there has been some success in generating induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from both skin and blood, there are still limitations to the collection and production of iPS cells from these biospecimens. We have had significant success in collecting and growing human dental pulp stem (DPS) cells from exfoliated teeth sent to our laboratory by the parents of children with a variety of rare neurogenetic syndromes. This protocol outlines our current methods for the growth and expansion of DPS cells from exfoliated (baby) teeth. These DPS cells can be differentiated into a variety of cell types including osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and mixed neuron and glial cultures. Here we provide our protocol for the differentiation of early passage DPS cell cultures into neurons for molecular studies. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Child; Dental Pulp; Humans; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Neural Stem Cells; Neurons; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 28075485
DOI: 10.1002/cphg.28 -
BioMed Research International 2021Substance P (SP) is a peptide involved in many biological processes, including nociception and inflammation. SP has a high affinity for its receptor neurokinin-1...
Substance P (SP) is a peptide involved in many biological processes, including nociception and inflammation. SP has a high affinity for its receptor neurokinin-1 (NK-1R). SP/NK-1R complex plays a major role in the interactions going on during the onset of dental pain and inflammation. . To identify the expression of NK-1R in healthy and inflamed human dental pulp, as well as to identify any association with severity of dental pain. . This case-control study included ten irreversibly inflamed samples of dental pulp, which were extirpated from patients presenting with chief complaint of dental pain due to caries. Ten healthy pulps, extirpated from those teeth which were indicated for extraction due to orthodontic reasons, were used as the control group. Visual analog scale (VAS) and modified McGill Pain Questionnaire were used to assess the characteristic and severity of pain. Immunohistochemical study was performed using monoclonal antibodies against NK-1R. . The results showed that the NK-1R was expressed intensely in patients with higher pain score. The mean pain score in cases was 7.0 ± 2.0. The healthy dental pulps had negative or mild NK-1R staining of +1 intensity. The NK-1R score in cases was 2.4 ± 0.516 and 0.2 ± 0.4216 in controls. There was significant difference in NK-1R score between both groups ( value <0.05). There was a strong positive correlation between the pain score and NK-1R expression score. As the pain increased, the NK-1R expression score was also increased (0.95, value 0.000). . NK-1R is overexpressed in inflamed dental pulp. SP/NK-1R modulation may provide a novel approach for the treatment of pulpal inflammation and pain.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Dental Pulp; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Pain; Pain Measurement; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Substance P; Young Adult
PubMed: 34041298
DOI: 10.1155/2021/5593520 -
Journal of Dental Research Nov 2013The clinical translation of stem-cell-based dental pulp regeneration will require the use of injectable scaffolds. Here, we tested the hypothesis that stem cells from...
The clinical translation of stem-cell-based dental pulp regeneration will require the use of injectable scaffolds. Here, we tested the hypothesis that stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) can generate a functional dental pulp when injected into full-length root canals. SHED survived and began to express putative markers of odontoblastic differentiation after 7 days when mixed with Puramatrix™ (peptide hydrogel), or after 14 days when mixed with recombinant human Collagen (rhCollagen) type I, and injected into the root canals of human premolars in vitro. Roots of human premolars injected with scaffolds (Puramatrix™ or rhCollagen) containing SHED were implanted subcutaneously into immunodeficient mice (CB-17 SCID). We observed pulp-like tissues with odontoblasts capable of generating new tubular dentin throughout the root canals. Notably, the pulp tissue engineered with SHED injected with either Puramatrix™ or rhCollagen type I presented similar cellularity and vascularization when compared with control human dental pulps. Analysis of these data, collectively, demonstrates that SHED injected into full-length human root canals differentiate into functional odontoblasts, and suggests that such a strategy might facilitate the completion of root formation in necrotic immature permanent teeth.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Bicuspid; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Child; Collagen Type I; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dentinogenesis; Guided Tissue Regeneration; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, SCID; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Odontoblasts; Peptides; Pulpectomy; Recombinant Proteins; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 24056227
DOI: 10.1177/0022034513505772 -
International Journal of Medical... 2024Clinical studies have shown that endodontically-treated nonvital teeth exhibit less root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to...
Clinical studies have shown that endodontically-treated nonvital teeth exhibit less root resorption during orthodontic tooth movement. The purpose of this study was to explore whether hypoxic dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) can promote osteoclastogenesis in orthodontically induced inflammatory root resorption (OIIRR). Succinate in the supernatant of DPSCs under normal and hypoxic conditions was measured by a succinic acid assay kit. The culture supernatant of hypoxia-treated DPSCs was used as conditioned medium (Hypo-CM). Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) from succinate receptor 1 (SUCNR1)-knockout or wild-type mice were cultured with conditioned medium (CM), exogenous succinate or a specific inhibitor of SUCNR1 (4c). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, Transwell assays, qPCR, Western blotting, and resorption assays were used to evaluate osteoclastogenesis-related changes. The concentration of succinate reached a maximal concentration at 6 h in the supernatant of hypoxia-treated DPSCs. Hypo-CM-treated macrophages were polarized to M1 proinflammatory macrophages. Hypo-CM treatment significantly increased the formation and differentiation of osteoclasts and increased the expression of osteoclastogenesis-related genes, and this effect was inhibited by the specific succinate inhibitor 4c. Succinate promoted chemotaxis and polarization of M1-type macrophages with increased expression of osteoclast generation-related genes. SUCNR1 knockout decreased macrophage migration, M1 macrophage polarization, differentiation and maturation of osteoclasts, as shown by TRAP and NFATc1 expression and cementum resorption. Hypoxic DPSC-derived succinate may promote osteoclast differentiation and root resorption. The regulation of the succinate-SUCNR1 axis may contribute to the reduction in the OIIRR.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Dental Pulp; Osteoclasts; Root Resorption; Humans; Succinic Acid; Osteogenesis; Mice, Knockout; Stem Cells; Cell Differentiation; Macrophages; Cell Hypoxia; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Culture Media, Conditioned; Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 38774749
DOI: 10.7150/ijms.94972 -
Brazilian Oral Research Dec 2017The objective of this study was to realize a scoping review the literature in order to identify the profile of DPSCs isolation and analyze the possible risk factors that... (Review)
Review
The objective of this study was to realize a scoping review the literature in order to identify the profile of DPSCs isolation and analyze the possible risk factors that could change the native behavior of these cells. An initial search was conducted using the following MeSH terms: "(dental pulp stem cell [MeSH])"; "(dental pulp [MeSH])" AND "(stem cell [MeSH])"; "("dental pulp stem cell" [MeSH]")". The electronic search was done without date restriction up to and including April 2014, in PubMed, Scopus, Scielo and ISI Web of Knowledge databases. Studies were submitted to inclusion and exclusion criteria and 222 articles were included. Data showed that over the past 15 years many studies have been conducted using DPSCs. However this is the first systematic review regarding the isolation of stem cell, and more specifically of dental pulp stem cells. The isolation of dental pulp stem cells showed great variability, hampering the development of standard protocols to achieve in vitro dental pulp stem cells with similar characteristics. This scoping review combined, for the first time, the methodologies used for dental pulp stem isolation, highlighting the most frequently used.
Topics: Cell Culture Techniques; Collagenases; Culture Media; Dental Pulp; Humans; Publication Bias; Risk Factors; Stem Cells
PubMed: 29267658
DOI: 10.1590/1807-3107BOR-2017.vol31.0087 -
Scientific Reports Dec 2020Implementing the principles of tissue engineering within the clinical management of non-vital immature permanent teeth is of clinical interest. However, the ideal...
Implementing the principles of tissue engineering within the clinical management of non-vital immature permanent teeth is of clinical interest. However, the ideal scaffold remains elusive. The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility of decellularising rat dental pulp tissue and evaluate the ability of such scaffold to support stem cell repopulation. Rat dental pulps were retrieved and divided into control and decellularised groups. The decellularisation protocol incorporated a low detergent concentration and hypotonic buffers. After decellularisation, the scaffolds were characterised histologically, immunohistochemistry and the residual DNA content quantified. Surface topography was also viewed under scanning electron microscopy. Biocompatibility was evaluated using cytotoxicity assays utilising L-929 cell line. Decellularised scaffolds were recellularised with human dental pulp stem cells up to 14 days in vitro. Cellular viability was assessed using LIVE/DEAD stain kit and the recellularised scaffolds were further assessed histologically and immunolabelled using makers for odontoblastic differentiation, cytoskeleton components and growth factors. Analysis of the decellularised scaffolds revealed an acellular matrix with histological preservation of structural components. Decellularised scaffolds were biocompatible and able to support stem cell survival following recellularisation. Immunolabelling of the recellularised scaffolds demonstrated positive cellular expression against the tested markers in culture. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of developing a biocompatible decellularised dental pulp scaffold, which is able to support dental pulp stem cell repopulation. Clinically, decellularised pulp tissue could possibly be a suitable scaffold for use within regenerative (reparative) endodontic techniques.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Dental Pulp; Rats; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Tissue Scaffolds
PubMed: 33299073
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78477-x -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Dec 2021Stem cells are unspecialised cells capable of perpetual self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation into more specialised daughter cells. They are present in many... (Review)
Review
Stem cells are unspecialised cells capable of perpetual self-renewal, proliferation and differentiation into more specialised daughter cells. They are present in many tissues and organs, including the stomatognathic system. Recently, the great interest of scientists in obtaining stem cells from human teeth is due to their easy availability and a non-invasive procedure of collecting the material. Three key components are required for tissue regeneration: stem cells, appropriate scaffold material and growth factors. Depending on the source of the new tissue or organ, there are several types of transplants. In this review, the following division into four transplant types is applied due to genetic differences between the donor and the recipient: xenotransplantation, allotransplantation, autotransplantation and isotransplantation (however, due to the lack of research, type was not included). In vivo studies have shown that Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs)can form a dentin-pulp complex, nerves, adipose, bone, cartilage, skin, blood vessels and myocardium, which gives hope for their use in various biomedical areas, such as immunotherapy and regenerative therapy. This review presents the current in vivo research and advances to provide new biological insights and therapeutic possibilities of using DPSCs.
Topics: Animals; Dental Pulp; Humans; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34946506
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247423 -
Journal (Canadian Dental Association) Mar 2009In this second part of our 2-part review, we discuss recent research about pulp tests that determine the vitality of the tooth and clinically accepted pulp testers. A... (Review)
Review
In this second part of our 2-part review, we discuss recent research about pulp tests that determine the vitality of the tooth and clinically accepted pulp testers. A pain response to hot, cold or an electric pulp tester indicates the vitality of only a tooth's pulpal sensory supply; the response does not give any idea about the state of the pulp. Although the sensitivity of these tests is high, when false-positive and false-negative results occur, they may affect the treatment of the tooth. A tooth falsely diagnosed as nonvital with an electric pulp tester may undergo an unnecessary root canal, whereas one falsely diagnosed as vital may be left untreated, causing the necrotic tissue to destroy the supporting tissues (resorption). The vascular supply is more important to the determination of the health of the pulp than the sensory supply. Pulp death is caused by cessation of blood flow and may result in a necrotic pulp, even though the pulpal sensory supply may still be viable. The pulp can be healed only if the circulating blood flow is healthy. Although still under investigation, diagnostic devices that examine pulpal blood flow, such as the pulse oximeter and laser Doppler flowmetry, show promising results for the assessment of pulp vitality.
Topics: Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Diseases; Dental Pulp Test; Humans; Neurophysiology; Regional Blood Flow
PubMed: 19267966
DOI: No ID Found