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The Pan African Medical Journal 2021Supratentorial arachnoid cysts are usually asymptomatic and may be discovered by chance at autopsy; however, infratentorial arachnoid cysts, which correspond to liquid...
Supratentorial arachnoid cysts are usually asymptomatic and may be discovered by chance at autopsy; however, infratentorial arachnoid cysts, which correspond to liquid forms enclosed by an arachnoid sheet but whose pathogenesis is unknown, might cause symptoms. They don't need to be treated if they're asymptomatic and were discovered by chance. A variety of neurological symptoms can be present depending on their localization. Intracranial dermoid cysts are uncommon tumours that develop from ectopic epithelial cells in the brain. They are benign, slow-growing, and rarely rupture. The association between the two diseases is extremely rare and when it is present may suggest the existence of a common factor. We present a unique case of a young girl who developed headache and ataxia as a result of an intracranial infratentorial dermoid cyst and an arachnoid cyst of the cerebellopontine angle. Complete removal of the dermoid cyst and drainage of the cyst leads to a full recovery. Dermoid and arachnoid cyst are two pathologies with a possible common embryogenic factor, early surgery can give a better outcome in the long term.
Topics: Arachnoid Cysts; Brain; Cerebellopontine Angle; Dermoid Cyst; Drainage; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 34909093
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.40.125.32040 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Aug 2007Dermoid cyst of the pancreas is a benign, well-differentiated, extremely rare germ cell neoplasm. Published data indicate that differential diagnosis of cystic lesions... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dermoid cyst of the pancreas is a benign, well-differentiated, extremely rare germ cell neoplasm. Published data indicate that differential diagnosis of cystic lesions of the pancreas is challenging and although ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance may be useful, radiological findings are often inconclusive and the diagnosis is intraoperative. We report a case of a dermoid cyst of the tail of the pancreas intraoperatively diagnosed and successfully treated with left pancreatectomy. Further, characteristics, preoperative detection and differential diagnosis of this rare pathology are also discussed.
CASE PRESENTATION
This report documents the findings of a 64-year-old male presenting with a well defined echogenic pancreatic mass on ultrasonography. Computerized Tomography (CT) showed a 5 cm cystic tumor arising from pancreatic tail and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) suggested a tumor extension to the middle side of the stomach without defined margins. A left pancreatectomy was performed. On surgical specimen, histological evaluation revealed a dermoid cyst of the tail of the pancreas measuring 8.5 x 3.0 cm.
CONCLUSION
Given the benign nature of the dermoid cyst, surgical resection most likely represents the definitive treatment and cure. In addition, resection is indicated in consideration of the difficulty in diagnosing dermoid cyst preoperatively. However, endoscopic ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology have recently been shown to be effective, safe, reliable and cost-saving preoperative diagnostic tools. Therefore, until more cases of dermoid cyst are identified to further elucidate its natural history and improve the reliability of the preoperative diagnostic tools, surgical resection should be considered the standard therapy in order to exclude malignancy.
Topics: Dermoid Cyst; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 17683548
DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-5-85 -
Medicine Jan 2017Spontaneous rupture of intracranial dermoid cyst is a rare but serious clinical event that can result in cerebral ischemia. Cerebral vasospasm and vasculitis are...
RATIONALE
Spontaneous rupture of intracranial dermoid cyst is a rare but serious clinical event that can result in cerebral ischemia. Cerebral vasospasm and vasculitis are considered as potential mechanisms of dermoid cyst rupture-related cerebral ischemia. However, the hemodynamic mechanisms between cerebral ischemia and dermoid cyst rupture are not well known.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 55-year-old, right-handed man was admitted to our hospital with sudden receptive aphasia and right-sided hypoalgesia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a ruptured dermoid cyst and watershed infarcts in the left hemisphere. Then brain magnetic resonance angiography disclosed mild stenosis in the left middle cerebral artery (MCA), and further high-resolution MRI demonstrated it was caused by an unstable atherosclerosis plaque. Transcranial Doppler of the patient showed a decreasing tendency of peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the left MCA at different time points after the stroke (from 290cm/s at day 6 to 120cm/s at day 30), indicating a transient vasospasm. However, the time course of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA) seemed different from the PSV. The patient's dCA reached its lowest point at day 8 and was restored at day 10. The time course of dCA indicated a "called procedure" of a cerebrovascular regulating function to deal with the stimulation in subarachnoid space.
DIAGNOSES
A dermoid cyst rupture-related cerebral infarction was diagnosed in this patient.
INTERVENTIONS
Aspirin (100 mg/d) and atorvastatin (20 mg/d) were given to the patient. A neurosurgical operation was strongly recommended to minimize the risk of further injury of the ruptured dermoid cyst; however, the patient refused the recommended treatment.
OUTCOMES
The neurological deficit of the patient was significantly improved on 30 days follow-up.
LESSONS
We found that the spread of cyst contents through the subarachnoid and/or ventricular system can induce a vasospasm. Then, dCA was "called" to deal with the stimulation in the subarachnoid space. Compromised dCA seems to be one of the compensatory of cerebral vasospasm after a dermoid cyst rupture.
Topics: Brain; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Dermoid Cyst; Hemodynamics; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Male; Middle Aged; Rupture, Spontaneous; Vasospasm, Intracranial
PubMed: 28121918
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000005631 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... May 2020Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are slow-growing, benign developmental cysts that arise from ectodermal tissue and can occur anywhere in the body. Less than 7% of these... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are slow-growing, benign developmental cysts that arise from ectodermal tissue and can occur anywhere in the body. Less than 7% of these cysts involve the head and neck region, with only 1.6% of cases presenting in the oral cavity. To evaluate the clinical and histopathological features of dermoid (DCs) and epidermoid (ECs) cysts stored in the archives of a referred Oral Pathology Service over a 48-year-period, and to review current concepts about these cysts.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
All DCs and ECs were reviewed, and clinical data were obtained from the patient records. Fourteen cases of DCs and thirteen cases of ECs were re-evaluated microscopically by 2 oral pathologists.
RESULTS
Among 15.387 cases, 14 (0.09%) had a histopathological diagnosis of DCs and 13 (0.08%) of ECs. For DCs, ten (71.4%) patients were women, with the mean age of 37.2 years. All DCs were lined by a stratified squamous epithelium (100%), with gut and respiratory epithelium observed in 1 (7.1%) and 2 (14.3%) cases, respectively. Chronic inflammatory cells, melanin, multinucleated giant cell reaction, and Pacini bodies were also observed. For ECs, eight (61.5%) cases were in women, and the mean age was 38.2 years. All ECs were lined by a stratified squamous epithelium (100%). Chronic inflammatory cells, melanin pigmentation, and adipose tissue were observed in the fibrous capsule.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that stratified squamous epithelium is the predominant epithelial lining of these cystic lesions. Also, we may find some unusual findings in DCs, such as Pacini bodies.
Topics: Adult; Dermoid Cyst; Epidermal Cyst; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Mouth; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 32134895
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23388 -
Fertility and Sterility Feb 1998To evaluate the effects of pirfenidone and human dermoid cyst fluid on adhesion formation in a rat model. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the effects of pirfenidone and human dermoid cyst fluid on adhesion formation in a rat model.
DESIGN
A prospective, blinded, controlled study.
SETTING
Sprague-Dawley white rats in a conventional laboratory setting.
INTERVENTION(S)
Rats were divided into four groups according to the type of solution tested (dermoid fluid, 0.05 mg of pirfenidone, normal saline, and a combination of dermoid fluid and pirfenidone). In the first experiment, the solution (0.5 mL) was injected intraperitoneally. In the second experiment, the solution was instilled intraperitoneally after a standardized injury to the right uterine horn. The degree of adhesion formation was evaluated 2 weeks after the initial surgery.
RESULT(S)
Human dermoid cyst fluid caused adhesion in 4 of 10 intact rats and in 9 of 10 standardized injured rats. Pirfenidone did not decrease adhesion formation. No adhesion was found after injection of saline or pirfenidone in intact rats. The mean +/- SEM adhesion score in standardized injured rats was higher in the dermoid group (4.6 +/- 0.6) than in the pirfenidone group (2.8 +/- 0.7) or the saline group (3.8 +/- 0.5). The mean +/- SEM adhesion score in intact rats was 0.6 +/- 0.3 after dermoid fluid injection and after dermoid instillation in standardized injured rats was 4.6 +/- 0.6.
CONCLUSION(S)
Human dermoid fluid causes adhesion formation even in intact rats, and the adhesion is worse in the presence of serosal injury. Intraperitoneal pirfenidone does not decrease adhesion formation.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cohort Studies; Dermoid Cyst; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Pyridones; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Adhesions; Uterine Diseases
PubMed: 9496352
DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)00498-6 -
Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica... Mar 2016Surgical treatment of endometriomas and potential damage to the ovary have been debated. Studies have described the inconsistent risk of unintended removal of ovarian... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
Surgical treatment of endometriomas and potential damage to the ovary have been debated. Studies have described the inconsistent risk of unintended removal of ovarian tissue when a cystectomy of an endometrioma is performed. We evaluated the risk of inadvertently removed ovarian tissue during surgery by comparing specimens of endometriomas and dermoid cysts removed laparoscopically.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The material included 326 women in a retrospective cohort study at Rigshospitalet, University hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark from 2011 to 2013. Surgery was performed laparoscopically for 393 benign cysts with a diagnosis of either endometrioma (n = 294) or dermoid cyst (n = 99). The microscopic existence of ovarian tissue in the cystectomy specimens were compared and correlation between CA 125 and size of cysts was examined.
RESULTS
In total, 80.3% endometrioma cystectomies disclosed ovarian stroma compared with 17.2% of the resected dermoid cysts (p < 0.001). The difference was found despite skilled laparoscopic surgeons performing the procedure in the endometriosis cohort. A significant positive correlation between the size of endometriomas and the value of CA 125 was found (p < 0.009).
CONCLUSION
The risk of removal of ovarian tissue during laparoscopic surgery is significantly higher for endometriomas than for dermoid cysts.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; CA-125 Antigen; Dermoid Cyst; Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovary; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 26669273
DOI: 10.1111/aogs.12841 -
Journal of Ultrasound Sep 2022A 5-month-old boy was evaluated for an unusually large presternal bump present since birth. The ultrasound examination revealed a well-defined soft tissue mass with an...
A 5-month-old boy was evaluated for an unusually large presternal bump present since birth. The ultrasound examination revealed a well-defined soft tissue mass with an oval shape. The lesion demonstrated a regular and well-demarcated outline, with an upper margin that was thinned and inserted into the upper skin plane; the content was anechoic with a small echogenic formation, mobile with changes in the patient's decubitus. The histologic diagnosis was dermoid cyst. Although dermoid cysts are commonly seen in the midline, the midsternal location, found in our patient, is rare. Dermoid cysts can have ultrasonographic features similar to those of other subcutaneous cystic masses. However, if an anechoic cyst with an internal well-circumscribed echogenic ball-like formation is seen within the presternal subcutaneous fat layer, as in our patient, dermoid cyst should be considered in the differential diagnosis of subcutaneous cystic masses.
Topics: Dermoid Cyst; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Infant; Male; Skin; Subcutaneous Fat; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34510388
DOI: 10.1007/s40477-021-00607-6 -
Anales de Pediatria May 2024
Topics: Humans; Dermoid Cyst; Ear Auricle; Ear Neoplasms; Male; Female
PubMed: 38582648
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2024.03.022 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2014These tumours are rare, benign abnormalities including dermoids, gliomas and encephaloceles that result from aberrant embryologic development. They can cause severe... (Review)
Review
These tumours are rare, benign abnormalities including dermoids, gliomas and encephaloceles that result from aberrant embryologic development. They can cause severe deformity of the midface and nasal structures and may have an intracranial extension that requires neurosurgical consultation. Thus preoperative manipulations, i.e. biopsies, are contraindicated as it can lead to cerebrospinal fluid leak and meningitis. The treatment is surgical excision and should be performed early. Neuroimaging is essential in the evaluation of specific type, presence of intracranial extension and presurgical planning.
Topics: Biopsy; Child, Preschool; Contraindications, Procedure; Dermoid Cyst; Encephalocele; Glioma; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Nose; Nose Neoplasms
PubMed: 25096354
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of International Medical... May 2023To clarify the clinical characteristics and laparoscopic surgical outcomes of dermoid cysts complicated by spontaneous rupture. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To clarify the clinical characteristics and laparoscopic surgical outcomes of dermoid cysts complicated by spontaneous rupture.
METHODS
This was a single-center retrospective observational study of patients with dermoid cysts treated between January 2005 and December 2021.
RESULTS
Among 1205 cases of dermoid cysts, spontaneous rupture occurred in nine and torsion occurred in 83 cases. No obvious triggers for rupture were identified, except for one postpartum case with fundal uterine pressure maneuver. Rupture was identified by computed tomography (CT) in six cases. Patients with ruptured cysts had significantly higher serum C-reactive protein (CRP), cancer antigen 125 (CA125), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9), and squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) levels compared with patients with uncomplicated dermoid cysts or cysts with torsion. Laparoscopic management was possible except for one case with severe adhesion, which required laparotomy. Two patients required prolonged postoperative administration of antibiotics due to refractory chemical peritonitis.
CONCLUSION
Combined use of CT imaging and elevated levels of CRP, CA125, CA19-9, and SCC may help to differentiate cyst rupture from torsion. Laparoscopic surgery may be a feasible option; however, prompt laparotomic conversion should be considered in cases with difficult adhesiolysis. Refractory chemical peritonitis may occur after successful surgical management.
Topics: Female; Humans; Dermoid Cyst; Rupture, Spontaneous; CA-19-9 Antigen; Retrospective Studies; Laparoscopy; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritonitis; Burns, Chemical; C-Reactive Protein; CA-125 Antigen; Treatment Outcome; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 37138472
DOI: 10.1177/03000605231171023