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International Journal of Obesity (2005) Nov 2019Many large studies have implemented wrist or thigh accelerometry to capture physical activity, but the accuracy of these measurements to infer activity energy...
BACKGROUND
Many large studies have implemented wrist or thigh accelerometry to capture physical activity, but the accuracy of these measurements to infer activity energy expenditure (AEE) and consequently total energy expenditure (TEE) has not been demonstrated. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of acceleration intensity at wrist and thigh sites as estimates of AEE and TEE under free-living conditions using a gold-standard criterion.
METHODS
Measurements for 193 UK adults (105 men, 88 women, aged 40-66 years, BMI 20.4-36.6 kg m) were collected with triaxial accelerometers worn on the dominant wrist, non-dominant wrist and thigh in free-living conditions for 9-14 days. In a subsample (50 men, 50 women) TEE was simultaneously assessed with doubly labelled water (DLW). AEE was estimated from non-dominant wrist using an established estimation model, and novel models were derived for dominant wrist and thigh in the non-DLW subsample. Agreement with both AEE and TEE from DLW was evaluated by mean bias, root mean squared error (RMSE), and Pearson correlation.
RESULTS
Mean TEE and AEE derived from DLW were 11.6 (2.3) MJ day and 49.8 (16.3) kJ day kg. Dominant and non-dominant wrist acceleration were highly correlated in free-living (r = 0.93), but less so with thigh (r = 0.73 and 0.66, respectively). Estimates of AEE were 48.6 (11.8) kJ day kg from dominant wrist, 48.6 (12.3) from non-dominant wrist, and 46.0 (10.1) from thigh; these agreed strongly with AEE (RMSE ~12.2 kJ day kg, r ~ 0.71) with small mean biases at the population level (~6%). Only the thigh estimate was statistically significantly different from the criterion. When combining these AEE estimates with estimated REE, agreement was stronger with the criterion (RMSE ~1.0 MJ day, r ~ 0.90).
CONCLUSIONS
In UK adults, acceleration measured at either wrist or thigh can be used to estimate population levels of AEE and TEE in free-living conditions with high precision.
Topics: Accelerometry; Adult; Aged; Deuterium Oxide; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Thigh; Wrist
PubMed: 30940917
DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0352-x -
Proteomics. Clinical Applications Aug 2014Monitoring protein dynamics, compared to measuring static protein expression profiles taken with snapshot evaluations, have recently been the focus of proteomics studies...
Monitoring protein dynamics, compared to measuring static protein expression profiles taken with snapshot evaluations, have recently been the focus of proteomics studies examining tissue or blood samples where time course changes occur. Using deuterium oxide ((2) H2 O) to label amino acids is a useful method to monitor protein turnover rates. The synthesis rate for individual proteins is calculated from the rate of (2) H incorporation into specific proteins analyzed by high resolution MS. In this issue, Wang and colleagues measured the plasma protein turnover dynamics in healthy humans by in vivo (2) H2 O labeling [Wang, D. et al., Proteomics Clin. Appl. 2014, 8, 610-619]. The authors developed and validated a safe and accessible (2) H2 O administration protocol to record the turnover dynamics of 542 plasma proteins using MS. Their study demonstrates a promising new way to evaluate plasma protein dynamics in clinical trials where such knowledge could help for prognosis and evaluating treatment efficacy.
Topics: Animals; Blood Proteins; Deuterium Oxide; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Proteomics; Rats; Safety
PubMed: 25044642
DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400066 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2020Increased glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis are striking features of many cancers. These features have led to many techniques for screening and diagnosis, but many... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Increased glucose uptake and aerobic glycolysis are striking features of many cancers. These features have led to many techniques for screening and diagnosis, but many are expensive, less feasible or have harmful side-effects. Here, we report a sensitive H/H NMR method to measure the kinetics of lactate isotopomer and HDO production using a deuterated tracer. To test this hypothesis, HUH-7 hepatocellular carcinoma and AML12 normal hepatocytes were incubated with [H]glucose. H/H NMR data were recorded for cell media as a function of incubation time. The efflux rate of lactate-CH, lactate-CHD and lactate-CHD was calculated as 0.0033, 0.0071, and 0.0.012 µmol/10cells/min respectively. Differential production of lactate isotopomers was due to deuterium loss during glycolysis. Glucose uptake and HDO production by HUH-7 cells showed a strong correlation, indicating that monitoring the HDO production could be a diagnostic feature in cancers. Deuterium mass balance of [H]glucose uptake to H-lactate and HDO production is quantitatively matched, suggesting increasing HDO signal could be used to diagnose Warburg (cancer) metabolism. Measuring the kinetics of lactate isotopomer and HDO production by H and H MR respectively are highly sensitive. Increased T of H-lactate isotopomers indicates inversion/saturation recovery methods may be a simple means of generating metabolism-based contrast.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Culture Media; Deuterium Oxide; Early Detection of Cancer; Glucose; Glycolysis; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver Neoplasms; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
PubMed: 32483190
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65839-8 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... May 2020The use of deuterium oxide (DO) has greatly expanded the scope of what is possible for the measurement of protein synthesis. The greatest asset of DO labeling is that it...
The use of deuterium oxide (DO) has greatly expanded the scope of what is possible for the measurement of protein synthesis. The greatest asset of DO labeling is that it facilitates the measurement of synthesis rates over prolonged periods of time from single proteins through integrated tissue-based measurements. Because the ease of administration, the method is amenable for use in a variety of models and conditions. Although the method adheres to the same rules as other isotope methods, the flexibility can create conditions that are not the same as other approaches and thus requires careful execution to maintain validity and reliability. For this CORP article, we provide a history that gave rise to the method and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the method, the critical assumptions, guidelines, and best practices based on instrumentation, models, and experimental design. The goal of this CORP article is to propagate additional use of DO in a manner that produces reliable and valid data.
Topics: Deuterium; Deuterium Oxide; Protein Biosynthesis; Reproducibility of Results; Water
PubMed: 32213116
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00855.2019 -
Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin 2020The high-order functions of molecular capture and chiral recognition of tea gallated catechins (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) in water were investigated. A... (Review)
Review
The high-order functions of molecular capture and chiral recognition of tea gallated catechins (-)-epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate (EGCg) in water were investigated. A solution of equimolar amounts of a variety of heterocyclic compounds and EGCg in water afforded adhesive precipitates containing the heterocyclic compounds and EGCg at a molar ratio of 1 : 1, based on the integrated value of NMR proton signals. The molecular capture abilities of a variety of heterocyclic compounds using EGCg from the aqueous solutions were evaluated with the ratios of the heterocyclic compounds included in the precipitates of EGCg complex to the total heterocyclic compounds used. In the H-NMR spectrum of a solution containing cyclo(L-Pro-Gly), cyclo(D-Pro-Gly), and EGCg in a DO solution, a difference in the chemical shift of the H-NMR signal for some protons of the Pro residue was observed. Judging from the crystal structures of the 2 : 2 EGCg complexes of cyclo(L-Pro-Gly), cyclo(D-Pro-Gly), the difference in the chemical shift derived mainly from a magnetic anisotropic shielding effect by the ring current from the B ring of EGCg.In the H-NMR spectrum of a solution containing the pharmaceuticals racemic (R,S)-propranolol, (R,S)-diprophylline, (R,S)-proxyphylline and EGCg in DO, splitting of the H-NMR signals of the pharmaceuticals was observed. It was suggested that the pharmaceuticals formed diastereomers of EGCg complexes, as a result chirality of the pharmaceuticals was recognized by EGCg in the DO solution.
Topics: Catechin; Deuterium Oxide; Drug Development; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Molecular Structure; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 33268646
DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c20-00197 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Nov 2004We studied the effect of deuterium oxide (D(2)O) on contraction characteristics and ATPase activity of single glycerinated muscle fibers of rabbit psoas. D(2)O increased...
We studied the effect of deuterium oxide (D(2)O) on contraction characteristics and ATPase activity of single glycerinated muscle fibers of rabbit psoas. D(2)O increased the maximum isometric force P(0) by about 20%, while the force versus stiffness relation did not change appreciably. The maximum shortening velocity under zero load V(max) did not change appreciably in D(2)O, so that the force-velocity (P-V) curve was scaled depending on the value of P(0). The Mg-ATPase activity of the fibers during generation of steady isometric force P(0) was reduced by about 50% in D(2)O. Based on the Huxley contraction model, these results can be accounted for in terms of D(2)O-induced changes in the rate constants f(1) and g(1) for making and breaking actin-myosin linkages in the isometric condition, in such a way that f(1)/(f(1)+g(1)) increases by about 20%, while (f(1)+g(1)) remains unchanged. The D(2)O effect at the molecular level is discussed in connection with biochemical studies on actomyosin ATPase.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Deuterium Oxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Elasticity; Enzyme Activation; Glycerol; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal; Muscle, Skeletal; Rabbits; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 15511526
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2004.07.008 -
International Breastfeeding Journal Jun 2020Evidence of interventions that are effective in improving exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices is needed to help countries revise their strategies. To assess whether... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Participation in the "nutrition at the Centre" project through women's group improved exclusive breastfeeding practices, as measured by the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique.
BACKGROUND
Evidence of interventions that are effective in improving exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) practices is needed to help countries revise their strategies. To assess whether mothers who had participated in the Nutrition at the Centre (N@C) project effectively demonstrated better EBF practices than did those who did not participate, we documented the processes of this nutritional intervention in Benin.
METHODS
This study was a cross-sectional design comparing the intervention group, namely, the Village Saving and Loan Association (VSLA-N@C), to the control group. The N@C project was an educational intervention based on behavioural and social changes related to nutrition. Through VSLA groups installed in communities, mothers were connected to the project; had weekly discussions around the process, benefits and challenges linked to EBF, and advocated during Breastfeeding Week celebrations. The study participants were mothers with children aged 4-5.5 months from the VSLA-N@C group (n = 53) and mothers (n = 50) from non-intervention areas who served as controls. With the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique, we quantified human milk intake (HMI) and non-milk oral intake (NMOI) and compared both groups using Student's t-test. A child is considered to be exclusively breastfed if the NMOI is less than 86.6 g/day. Multivariate regression logistics adjusted for VSLA membership, mothers' body mass index, and children's age, weight-for-age and weight-for-length, thus enabling us to measure differences in EBF rates.
RESULTS
Children of mothers from the VSLA-N@C group consumed significantly more human milk than those of mothers in the control group (900.2 ± 152.5 g/day vs 842.2 ± 188.6 g/day, P = 0.044). Children in the VSLA-N@C group had significantly less non-milk oral intake than did those in the control group (difference: 148.2 g/day, P = 0.000). Therefore, the EBF rate was significantly higher in the VSLA group (38% vs 8%, P < 0.0001), and mothers in VSLAs were 14 times more likely to practise EBF than were those in the control group (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 13.9, 95% CI 1.9-116.5, P = 0.015).
CONCLUSION
The EBF rate was significantly higher in the group of mothers who participated in the VSLA-N@C project than in those who did not receive the intervention. The N@C model could be promoted as a strategy for increasing EBF practices in poor and rural contexts, where it is possible to organize mothers into VSLA groups to discuss the process, benefits and challenges of EBF.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Benin; Breast Feeding; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deuterium Oxide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Infant; Infant Food; Male; Milk, Human; Mothers; Young Adult
PubMed: 32590987
DOI: 10.1186/s13006-020-00302-y -
Journal of Proteome Research Feb 2023Retention time (RT) alignment has been important for robust protein identification and quantification in proteomics. In data-dependent acquisition mode, whereby the...
Retention time (RT) alignment has been important for robust protein identification and quantification in proteomics. In data-dependent acquisition mode, whereby the precursor ions are semistochastically chosen for fragmentation in MS/MS, the alignment is used in an approach termed matched between runs (MBR). MBR transfers peptides, which were fragmented and identified in one experiment, to a replicate experiment where they were not identified. Before the MBR transfer, the RTs of experiments are aligned to reduce the chance of erroneous transfers. Despite its widespread use in other areas of quantitative proteomics, RT alignment has not been applied in data analyses for protein turnover using an atom-based stable isotope-labeling agent such as metabolic labeling with deuterium oxide, DO. Deuterium incorporation changes isotope profiles of intact peptides in full scans and their fragment ions in tandem mass spectra. It reduces the peptide identification rates in current database search engines. Therefore, the MBR becomes more important. Here, we report on an approach to incorporate RT alignment with peptide quantification in studies of proteome turnover using heavy water metabolic labeling and LC-MS. The RT alignment uses correlation-optimized time warping. The alignment, followed by the MBR, improves labeling time point coverage, especially for long labeling durations.
Topics: Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Deuterium Oxide; Peptides; Proteome; Isotopes; Isotope Labeling
PubMed: 36692003
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00592 -
Proteomics. Clinical Applications Aug 2014High-throughput quantification of human protein turnover via in vivo administration of deuterium oxide ((2) H2 O) is a powerful new approach to examine potential disease... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
PURPOSE
High-throughput quantification of human protein turnover via in vivo administration of deuterium oxide ((2) H2 O) is a powerful new approach to examine potential disease mechanisms. Its immediate clinical translation is contingent upon characterizations of the safety and hemodynamic effects of in vivo administration of (2) H2 O to human subjects.
EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN
We recruited ten healthy human subjects with a broad demographic variety to evaluate the safety, feasibility, efficacy, and reproducibility of (2) H2 O intake for studying protein dynamics. We designed a protocol where each subject orally consumed weight-adjusted doses of 70% (2) H2 O daily for 14 days to enrich body water and proteins with deuterium. Plasma proteome dynamics was measured using a high-resolution MS method we recently developed.
RESULTS
This protocol was successfully applied in ten human subjects to characterize the endogenous turnover rates of 542 human plasma proteins, the largest such human dataset to-date. Throughout the study, we did not detect physiological effects or signs of discomfort from (2) H2 O consumption.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Our investigation supports the utility of a (2) H2 O intake protocol that is safe, accessible, and effective for clinical investigations of large-scale human protein turnover dynamics. This workflow shows promising clinical translational value for examining plasma protein dynamics in human diseases.
Topics: Adult; Blood Proteins; Deuterium Oxide; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proteomics; Young Adult
PubMed: 24946186
DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400038 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021The properties of mixtures of two polysaccharides, arabinogalactan (AG) and hyaluronic acid (HA), were investigated in solution by the measurement of diffusion...
The properties of mixtures of two polysaccharides, arabinogalactan (AG) and hyaluronic acid (HA), were investigated in solution by the measurement of diffusion coefficients of water protons by DOSY (Diffusion Ordered SpectroscopY), by the determination of viscosity and by the investigation of the affinity of a small molecule molecular probe versus AG/HA mixtures in the presence of bovine submaxillary mucin (BSM) by HNMR spectroscopy. Enhanced mucoadhesive properties, decreased mobility of water and decreased viscosity were observed at the increase of AG/HA ratio and of total concentration of AG. This unusual combination of properties can lead to more effective and long-lasting hydration of certain tissues (inflamed skin, dry eye corneal surface, etc.) and can be useful in the preparation of new formulations of cosmetics and of drug release systems, with the advantage of reducing the viscosity of the solutions.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Deuterium Oxide; Diclofenac; Diffusion; Galactans; Hyaluronic Acid; Mucins; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Salts; Sodium; Solutions; Viscosity; Water
PubMed: 34885828
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237246