-
Nutrients Jan 2021Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of an infant's life is an important factor for their optimal growth and health. Breastfeeding also has maternal...
BACKGROUND
Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of an infant's life is an important factor for their optimal growth and health. Breastfeeding also has maternal benefits and can assist with postpartum weight loss. As shown by previous studies, postpartum weight retention can contribute to obesity.
OBJECTIVE
To quantify the human milk and evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on maternal weight loss during the 12 months postpartum.
METHOD
This study included 70-mother-baby pairs. Infants' intake of human milk and water from other sources, as well as the body composition of the mothers, were measured at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month postpartum by using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique.
RESULTS
There was a significant change in the mothers' body composition between the first and twelfth months in exclusive breastfeeding women compared to not-exclusive ones. Similarly, the difference between the quantities of human milk intake was highly significant in exclusive breastfeeding women compared to women who were not exclusively breastfeeding.
CONCLUSION
Our results showed that exclusive breastfeeding for twelve months has a significant effect on postpartum weight loss among Moroccan women and that it is an effective way to control overweight and obesity among lactating women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Breast Feeding; Deuterium Oxide; Eating; Female; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Lactation; Milk, Human; Mothers; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Weight Loss; Young Adult
PubMed: 33406595
DOI: 10.3390/nu13010146 -
Cytometry Oct 1996Deuterium oxide (D2O) has been shown in previous studies to increase both the fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide (PI) and ethidium...
Deuterium oxide (D2O) has been shown in previous studies to increase both the fluorescence lifetime and fluorescence intensity of propidium iodide (PI) and ethidium bromide (EB) when bound to nucleic acid structures. We have used spectroscopic analysis and conventional and phase-sensitive flow cytometry to compare changes in PI and EB fluorescence intensity and lifetime bound to DNA and fixed Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells in the presence of D2O vs. phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Spectroscopic and flow cytometric studies showed a twofold enhancement of fluorescence intensity of PI and EB bound to fixed CHO cells in D2O and a 5 ns increase in PI and EB fluorescence lifetimes in D2O. The fluorescence lifetime of HL-60 cells stained with PI or EB was found to be 1-2 ns different from that of CHO cells, indicating that the lifetime of these fluorochromes is sensitive to chromatin configuration in different cells types. Apoptotic subpopulations of HL-60 cells had a significantly reduced fluorescence lifetime compared to nonapoptotic subpopulations. Results indicate that different chromatin states, or differences in the structures of PI and EB, lead to alterations in the fluorescence intensity and fluorescence lifetime of these intercalating probes.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; CHO Cells; Cattle; Cricetinae; DNA; Deuterium Oxide; Ethidium; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescent Dyes; HL-60 Cells; Humans; Intercalating Agents; Propidium; Sodium Chloride; Spectrometry, Fluorescence
PubMed: 8891446
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0320(19961001)25:2<164::AID-CYTO5>3.0.CO;2-H -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B Mar 2017The physical origins of vibrational frequency shifts have been extensively studied in order to understand noncovalent intermolecular interactions in the condensed phase....
The physical origins of vibrational frequency shifts have been extensively studied in order to understand noncovalent intermolecular interactions in the condensed phase. In the case of carbonyls, vibrational solvatochromism, MD simulations, and vibrational Stark spectroscopy suggest that the frequency shifts observed in simple solvents arise predominately from the environment's electric field due to the vibrational Stark effect. This is contrary to many previously invoked descriptions of vibrational frequency shifts, such as bond polarization, whereby the bond's force constant and/or partial nuclear charges are altered due to the environment, often illustrated in terms of favored resonance structures. Here we test these hypotheses using vibrational solvatochromism as measured using 2D IR to assess the solvent dependence of the bond anharmonicity. These results indicate that the carbonyl bond's anharmonicity is independent of solvent as tested using hexanes, DMSO, and DO and is supported by simulated 2D spectra. In support of the linear vibrational Stark effect, these 2D IR measurements are consistent with the assertion that the Stark tuning rate is unperturbed by the electric field generated by both hydrogen and non-hydrogen bonding environments and further extends the general applicability of carbonyl probes for studying intermolecular interactions.
Topics: Acetophenones; Deuterium Oxide; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Hexanes; Hydrogen Bonding; Solvents; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Static Electricity; Vibration
PubMed: 28225620
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b00537 -
Briefings in Bioinformatics Mar 2022Protein turnover is vital for cellular functioning and is often associated with the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases. Metabolic labeling with heavy water...
Protein turnover is vital for cellular functioning and is often associated with the pathophysiology of a variety of diseases. Metabolic labeling with heavy water followed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry is a powerful tool to study in vivo protein turnover in high throughput and large scale. Heavy water is a cost-effective and easy to use labeling agent. It labels all nonessential amino acids. Due to its toxicity in high concentrations (20% or higher), small enrichments (8% or smaller) of heavy water are used with most organisms. The low concentration results in incomplete labeling of peptides/proteins. Therefore, the data processing is more challenging and requires accurate quantification of labeled and unlabeled forms of a peptide from overlapping mass isotopomer distributions. The work describes the bioinformatics aspects of the analysis of heavy water labeled mass spectral data, available software tools and current challenges and opportunities.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Deuterium Oxide; Isotope Labeling; Peptides; Proteolysis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry
PubMed: 35062023
DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab598 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021Oxidative stress plays a pathological role in pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This study investigated the...
Oxidative stress plays a pathological role in pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). This study investigated the effect of molecular hydrogen (H), an antioxidant, on CDH pathology induced by nitrofen. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control, CDH, and CDH + hydrogen-rich water (HW). Pregnant dams of CDH + HW pups were orally administered HW from embryonic day 10 until parturition. Gasometric evaluation and histological, immunohistochemical, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses were performed. Gasometric results (pH, pO and pCO levels) were better in the CDH + HW group than in the CDH group. The CDH + HW group showed amelioration of alveolarization and pulmonary artery remodeling compared with the CDH group. Oxidative stress (8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine-positive-cell score) in the pulmonary arteries and mRNA levels of protein-containing pulmonary surfactant that protects against pulmonary collapse (surfactant protein A) were significantly attenuated in the CDH + HW group compared with the CDH group. Overall, prenatal H administration improved respiratory function by attenuating lung morphology and pulmonary artery thickening in CDH rat models. Thus, H administration in pregnant women with diagnosed fetal CDH might be a novel antenatal intervention strategy to reduce newborn mortality due to CDH.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antioxidants; Deuterium Oxide; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Hernias, Diaphragmatic, Congenital; Hydrogen; Hypertension, Pulmonary; Lung; Male; Organogenesis; Phenyl Ethers; Pregnancy; Pulmonary Artery; Pulmonary Surfactants; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vascular Remodeling
PubMed: 34502408
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179500 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Feb 1954
Topics: Animals; Bone and Bones; Deuterium Oxide; Dogs; Electrolytes; Humans
PubMed: 13130679
DOI: 10.1172/JCI102878 -
Magnetic Resonance in Medicine Sep 2017To study hyperpolarized water as an angiography and perfusion tracer in a large animal model.
PURPOSE
To study hyperpolarized water as an angiography and perfusion tracer in a large animal model.
METHODS
Protons dissolved in deuterium oxide (D O) were hyperpolarized in a SPINlab dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) polarizer and subsequently investigated in vivo in a pig model at 3 Tesla (T). Approximately 15 mL of hyperpolarized water was injected in the renal artery by hand over 4-5 s.
RESULTS
A liquid state polarization of 5.3 ± 0.9% of 3.8 M protons in 15 mL of deuterium oxide was achieved with a T of 24 ± 1 s. This allowed injection through an arterial catheter into the renal artery and subsequently high-contrast imaging of the entire kidney parenchyma over several seconds. The dynamic images allow quantification of tissue perfusion, with a mean cortical perfusion of 504 ± 123 mL/100 mL/min.
CONCLUSION
Hyperpolarized water MR imaging was successfully demonstrated as a renal angiography and perfusion method. Quantitative perfusion maps of the kidney were obtained in agreement with literature and control experiments with gadolinium contrast. Magn Reson Med 78:1131-1135, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Topics: Animals; Deuterium Oxide; Female; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Kidney; Magnetic Resonance Angiography; Perfusion Imaging; Phantoms, Imaging; Swine
PubMed: 27690362
DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26478 -
Microbial Biotechnology Mar 2020Human intestinal microbiota is important to host health and is associated with various diseases. It is a challenge to identify the functions and metabolic activity of...
Human intestinal microbiota is important to host health and is associated with various diseases. It is a challenge to identify the functions and metabolic activity of microorganisms at the single-cell level in gut microbial community. In this study, we applied Raman microspectroscopy and deuterium isotope probing (Raman-DIP) to quantitatively measure the metabolic activities of intestinal bacteria from two individuals and analysed lipids and phenylalanine metabolic pathways of functional microorganisms in situ. After anaerobically incubating the human faeces with heavy water (D O), D O with specific substrates (glucose, tyrosine, tryptophan and oleic acid) and deuterated glucose, the C-D band in single-cell Raman spectra appeared in some bacteria in faeces, due to the Raman shift from the C-H band. Such Raman shift was used to indicate the general metabolic activity and the activities in response to the specific substrates. In the two individuals' intestinal microbiota, the structures of the microbial communities were different and the general metabolic activities were 76 ± 1.0% and 30 ± 2.0%. We found that glucose, but not tyrosine, tryptophan and oleic acid, significantly stimulated metabolic activity of the intestinal bacteria. We also demonstrated that the bacteria within microbiota preferably used glucose to synthesize fatty acids in faeces environment, whilst they used glucose to synthesize phenylalanine in laboratory growth environment (e.g. LB medium). Our work provides a useful approach for investigating the metabolic activity in situ and revealing different pathways of human intestinal microbiota at the single-cell level.
Topics: Bacteria; Deuterium; Deuterium Oxide; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 31821744
DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13519 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Jun 1957
Topics: Deuterium; Deuterium Oxide; Edema; Humans; Potassium; Sodium; Sodium, Dietary
PubMed: 13439017
DOI: 10.1172/JCI103483 -
The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B Feb 2023Light and heavy water are often used interchangeably in spectroscopic experiments with the tacit assumption that the structure of the investigated biomolecule does not...
Light and heavy water are often used interchangeably in spectroscopic experiments with the tacit assumption that the structure of the investigated biomolecule does not depend too much on employing one or the other solvent. While this may often be a good approximation, we demonstrate here using molecular dynamics simulations incorporating nuclear quantum effects via modification of the interaction potential that there are small but significant differences. Namely, as quantified and discussed in the present study, both proteins and biomembranes tend to be slightly more compact and rigid in DO than in HO, which reflects the stronger hydrogen bonding in the former solvent.
Topics: Water; Proteins; Deuterium Oxide; Thermodynamics; Solvents
PubMed: 36722049
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c08270