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Indian Pediatrics Nov 2021Investment in Early Childhood Development (ECD) is essential for the progress of a nation. In 2013, the Rashtriya Bal Suraksha Karyakram (RBSK) was launched for...
Investment in Early Childhood Development (ECD) is essential for the progress of a nation. In 2013, the Rashtriya Bal Suraksha Karyakram (RBSK) was launched for community level screening, early identification and management of chronic diseases (birth defects, diseases, deficiencies, developmental delays and disabilities) from birth to 18 years. Health care is provided in District hospitals with Special Newborn Care Units, and District Early Intervention Centers (DEIC). Infants are screened at delivery points, or at home under the Home-Based New-born Care package. Pre-schoolers and school aged children are evaluated by mobile health teams using standardized tools in anganwadi centers and schools, respectively. Referrals are managed at higher centers. The DEIC uses an evidence based, trans-disciplinary, collaborative approach for delay/disability at zero expense. Other initiatives disseminating awareness about healthy family practices promoting ECD during pregnancy and the first two years of life include: a booklet 'Journey of First 1000 days'; an android App 'Ayushman Bhava'; ECD call centers that provide individualized counselling related to queries; the LaQshya program that promotes mother-friendly labour; and a more illustrative 'Mother and Child Protection Card' that assists in developmental monitoring. Till date, RBSK has developed two Nodal Collaborating Centers (the Kolkata centre has trained 852 personnel), 234 DEIC's, and 11,000 mobile health teams. Over 6 years (2014 -2020), cumulatively 45,64,31,984 children < 6 years have been screened, 13,95,618 delays /disabilities identified, and 3,04,300 children managed appropriately. The future holds further expansion, development of state-of-the-art specialized centers, collaborative research, and self-sustaining capacity building of multi-disciplinary personnel.
Topics: Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Hospitals, District; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mass Screening; Pregnancy; Referral and Consultation; Schools
PubMed: 34687194
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Health Services Research Nov 2022Caring for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can cause an enormous physical and emotional burden, and therefore these parents have an...
How to measure barriers in accessing mental healthcare? Psychometric evaluation of a screening tool in parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
Caring for children with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) can cause an enormous physical and emotional burden, and therefore these parents have an elevated risk to experience mental health problems. The characteristics of current healthcare systems and parents' responsibilities to care for their children seem to impede their access to mental healthcare. There is so far a lack of instruments to screen for such obstacles. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a scale for measuring barriers to accessing mental healthcare. The Parental Healthcare Barriers Scale (PHBS) was developed on the basis of an extensive literature research, input and discussion from experts and parents with lived experience. A cross-sectional survey was used to collect data from 456 parents of children with IDD. Physical health, mental health, social support, and parenting were measured for concurrent and discriminant validity of the PHBS. The PHBS scale revealed acceptable to good reliability and validity. It consists of four subscales (i.e., support accessibility, personal belief, emotional readiness, and resource availability). The PHBS found parents prioritized their children's treatments over their own mental health challenges (93.4%), did not have enough time (90.4%), and had financial concerns (85.8%). Parents in rural and remote areas had more limited resources. Findings from our study suggest increasing financial support for the parents seeking mental health services, introducing evidence-based treatments, increasing the availability of healthcare services for parents, and adjusting current services to their needs.
Topics: Child; Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developmental Disabilities; Mental Health Services; Parents; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Health Services Accessibility; Caregivers
PubMed: 36411458
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-08762-0 -
Seminars in Pediatric Neurology Oct 2018Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important risk factor for many neurological disorders and a determinant of health outcomes and quality of life, especially for... (Review)
Review
Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important risk factor for many neurological disorders and a determinant of health outcomes and quality of life, especially for individuals with neurologic disorders and developmental disabilities. This article focuses on the relationship between SES and pediatric epilepsy, cerebral palsy, autism spectrum disorder, and intellectual disability. Disparities in the prevalence and long-term impact of SES on functioning in persons with disabilities are observed worldwide. Clinicians can use the information presented in the article to target early identification and interventions for improving outcomes in populations most at risk for these disorders and for poor health, social, and economic outcomes.
Topics: Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Pediatrics; Prevalence; Social Class
PubMed: 30293586
DOI: 10.1016/j.spen.2018.03.003 -
Journal of Autism and Developmental... Jul 2022This study mainly explored psychological stress caused by the COVID-19 among parents in developmental disabilities and how it was related to parents' views of school...
This study mainly explored psychological stress caused by the COVID-19 among parents in developmental disabilities and how it was related to parents' views of school success in mainland China. The Psychological Stress Questionnaire and Views of Social and Academic Success were administered to 1919 parents of children with developmental disabilities. Results showed that parent characteristics including gender, age, educational level, family income and job nature and children characteristics (i.e., disability types) were related to psychological stress caused by the COVID-19, and that psychological stress caused by the COVID-19 significantly negatively predicted parents' views of school success. The contributions, limitations, and implications of the present research are discussed.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; COVID-19; Child; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Pandemics; Parents; Schools; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 34322825
DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05209-z -
Paediatrics and International Child... Nov 2014Linear growth failure is the most common form of undernutrition globally. With an estimated 165 million children below 5 years of age affected, stunting has been... (Review)
Review
Linear growth failure is the most common form of undernutrition globally. With an estimated 165 million children below 5 years of age affected, stunting has been identified as a major public health priority, and there are ambitious targets to reduce the prevalence of stunting by 40% between 2010 and 2025. We view this condition as a 'stunting syndrome' in which multiple pathological changes marked by linear growth retardation in early life are associated with increased morbidity and mortality, reduced physical, neurodevelopmental and economic capacity and an elevated risk of metabolic disease into adulthood. Stunting is a cyclical process because women who were themselves stunted in childhood tend to have stunted offspring, creating an intergenerational cycle of poverty and reduced human capital that is difficult to break. In this review, the mechanisms underlying linear growth failure at different ages are described, the short-, medium- and long-term consequences of stunting are discussed, and the evidence for windows of opportunity during the life cycle to target interventions at the stunting syndrome are evaluated.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Developing Countries; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Global Health; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Malnutrition; Pregnancy; Young Adult
PubMed: 25310000
DOI: 10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000158 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities Jan 2013Can individuals with developmental disabilities learn mindfulness? If so, with what result? A systematic literature review identified 12 studies that taught mindfulness... (Review)
Review
Can individuals with developmental disabilities learn mindfulness? If so, with what result? A systematic literature review identified 12 studies that taught mindfulness practice to individuals with mild to severe developmental disabilities, demonstrating that mindfulness intervention could significantly reduce the behavioural and/or psychological problems of this population. The majority of these mindfulness intervention studies were longitudinal, featuring long intervention periods and long lasting intervention effects. This paper analyses the characteristics and objectives of mindfulness interventions, along with their effects, focusing on the adjustments made to intervention content and instruction strategies to meet the specific requirements of individuals with developmental disabilities. The potential for improving mindfulness interventions for people with developmental disabilities is also discussed.
Topics: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Self Care; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 22989576
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.08.008 -
Journal of Medical Genetics Nov 2003Serious childhood developmental disabilities are common, and are debilitating for the individual and their family. Increasingly these are being shown to have genetic... (Review)
Review
Melatonin supplementation for severe and intractable sleep disturbance in young people with genetically determined developmental disabilities: short review and commentary.
Serious childhood developmental disabilities are common, and are debilitating for the individual and their family. Increasingly these are being shown to have genetic bases. Associated challenging behaviours are frequent, one of the commonest being severe and intractable sleep disturbance. This is associated with daytime behaviour problems, poor developmental and academic progress, and substantial familial psychopathology. Social and behavioural approaches ("sleep hygiene" measures) have, to an extent, revolutionised management; however, many individuals remain unresponsive. Modern medications therefore play increasingly important complementary roles in conjunction with psychological, educational, and social strategies. This paper reviews evidence for the frequency and severity of sleep disturbance in children and young people with severe intractable neurodevelopmental disabilities. The potential benefits of judicious and carefully monitored use of medication are described, with a focus on the importance of melatonin as a sleep inducer. It is concluded that melatonin is a potentially useful and safe adjunct to psychological and social approaches for severe sleep disturbance in this client group.
Topics: Child; Developmental Disabilities; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Melatonin; Sleep Wake Disorders
PubMed: 14627665
DOI: 10.1136/jmg.40.11.793 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Nov 2021
Topics: Child; Developmental Disabilities; Humans
PubMed: 34651310
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14995 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Jan 2020
Topics: Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Neurology; Pediatrics
PubMed: 31922255
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14409 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Mar 2020
Topics: Cerebral Palsy; Developmental Disabilities; Humans
PubMed: 32128808
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.14467