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Journal of Diabetes Research 2016
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Nephropathies; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diabetic Retinopathy; Epigenesis, Genetic; Humans
PubMed: 27822482
DOI: 10.1155/2016/6989453 -
Journal of Diabetes and Its... Oct 2022Urologic complications such as bladder and sexual dysfunction among men and women with diabetes have received relatively little attention. This is despite emerging... (Review)
Review
Urologic complications such as bladder and sexual dysfunction among men and women with diabetes have received relatively little attention. This is despite emerging evidence that demonstrates that urologic complications increase with age in the general population and are more common in individuals with diabetes compared to those without diabetes. Here we summarize the latest information about the epidemiology of urologic complications in the setting of diabetes and the most recent findings regarding pathophysiology. In addition, we identify knowledge gaps and need for future funding to address these gaps that will reduce the burden of urologic complications in diabetes and optimize quality of life for all individuals affected by it.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Male; Quality of Life; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological
PubMed: 36088680
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108288 -
Journal of Diabetes Research 2019
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 31192263
DOI: 10.1155/2019/4189813 -
BioMed Research International 2016Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by elevated blood glucose (BG). DM is a global epidemic and the prevalence is anticipated to continue to increase.... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease defined by elevated blood glucose (BG). DM is a global epidemic and the prevalence is anticipated to continue to increase. The ocular complications of DM negatively impact the quality of life and carry an extremely high economic burden. While systemic control of BG can slow the ocular complications they cannot stop them, especially if clinical symptoms are already present. With the advances in biodegradable polymers, implantable ocular devices can slowly release medication to stop, and in some cases reverse, diabetic complications in the eye. In this review we discuss the ocular complications associated with DM, the treatments available with a focus on localized treatments, and what promising treatments are on the horizon.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetic Retinopathy; Eye; Glaucoma; Humans; Insulin; Macular Edema; Quality of Life; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27119078
DOI: 10.1155/2016/3801570 -
Contributions To Nephrology 2011The incidence of diabetes and related complications like nephropathy is growing rapidly and has become a major health care issue. Changes in the environment and... (Review)
Review
The incidence of diabetes and related complications like nephropathy is growing rapidly and has become a major health care issue. Changes in the environment and nutritional habits have been implicated as major players. Furthermore, it is becoming increasingly clear that epigenetic factors may modulate the connections between genes and the environment. While diabetes in itself is treatable to a large extent, it is still associated with significantly increased risk for complications including chronic kidney and cardiovascular diseases. Current treatments have added preventative approaches so as to avoid future diabetic complications. Unfortunately, diabetic patients are often plagued with the continued development of various complications even after achieving glucose control. This has been suggested to be attributable to a mysterious phenomenon termed 'metabolic memory' of the prior glycemic state. Recent studies have suggested that epigenetic changes to chromatin can affect gene expression in response to various stimuli, and changes in key biochemical pathways and epigenetic histone and DNA methylation patterns in chromatin have been observed in a diabetic milieu. These accumulating data suggest that metabolic or hyperglycemic memory may be due to epigenetic changes in specific target tissues altering gene expression without changing the genetic code itself. While the genetics of diabetes has long been the focus of scientific research, much less is known about the role of epigenetics and the related molecular pathways that might affect the development of diabetes and the associated complications. Further studies of epigenetic mechanisms are therefore timely and could provide valuable new insights into the pathology of diabetic complications and also uncover much needed new therapeutic targets.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials as Topic; Diabetes Complications; Diabetic Nephropathies; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans
PubMed: 21659758
DOI: 10.1159/000324944 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2020
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Lung Diseases; Obesity
PubMed: 32765427
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00462 -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Dec 2014The co-existence of diabetes mellitus and HIV infection poses significant challenges for both patient and physician. This article reviews the clinical problems, the... (Review)
Review
The co-existence of diabetes mellitus and HIV infection poses significant challenges for both patient and physician. This article reviews the clinical problems, the implications for treatment plans and potential confusions that can arise when managing patients who have both conditions.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; HIV Infections; Humans
PubMed: 25468855
DOI: 10.7861/clinmedicine.14-6-667 -
Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome 2021
Topics: COVID-19; Comorbidity; Diabetes Complications; Humans; India; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34004526
DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.024 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021A growing body of evidence points to the role of glucose variability (GV) in the development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. In this... (Review)
Review
A growing body of evidence points to the role of glucose variability (GV) in the development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we summarize data on GV-induced biochemical, cellular and molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Current data indicate that the deteriorating effect of GV on target organs can be realized through oxidative stress, glycation, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, impaired angiogenesis and renal fibrosis. The effects of GV on oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability could be aggravated by hypoglycemia, associated with high GV. Oscillating hyperglycemia contributes to beta cell dysfunction, which leads to a further increase in GV and completes the vicious circle. In cells, the GV-induced cytotoxic effect includes mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and disturbances in autophagic flux, which are accompanied by reduced viability, activation of apoptosis and abnormalities in cell proliferation. These effects are realized through the up- and down-regulation of a large number of genes and the activity of signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, MAPK (ERK), JNK and TGF-β/Smad. Epigenetic modifications mediate the postponed effects of glucose fluctuations. The multiple deteriorative effects of GV provide further support for considering it as a therapeutic target in diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Hypoglycemia
PubMed: 34360550
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157783 -
Molecular BioSystems Apr 2016With a global prevalence of 9%, diabetes is the direct cause of millions of deaths each year and is quickly becoming a health crisis. Major long-term complications of... (Review)
Review
With a global prevalence of 9%, diabetes is the direct cause of millions of deaths each year and is quickly becoming a health crisis. Major long-term complications of diabetes arise from persistent oxidative stress and dysfunction in multiple metabolic pathways. The most serious complications involve vascular damage and include cardiovascular disease as well as microvascular disorders such as nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Current clinical analyses like glycated hemoglobin and plasma glucose measurements hold some value as prognostic indicators of the severity of complications, but investigations into the underlying pathophysiology are still lacking. Advancements in biotechnology hold the key to uncovering new pathways and establishing therapeutic targets. Metabolomics, the study of small endogenous molecules, is a powerful toolset for studying pathophysiological processes and has been used to elucidate metabolic signatures of diabetes in various biological systems. Current challenges in the field involve correlating these biomarkers to specific complications to provide a better prediction of future risk and disease progression. This review will highlight the progress that has been made in the field of metabolomics including technological advancements, the identification of potential biomarkers, and metabolic pathways relevant to macro- and microvascular diabetic complications.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Diabetes Complications; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Oxidative Stress
PubMed: 26891794
DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00014b