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Current Diabetes Reports Dec 2013Health disparities in diabetes and its complications and comorbidities exist globally. A recent Endocrine Society Scientific Statement described the Health Disparities...
Health disparities in diabetes and its complications and comorbidities exist globally. A recent Endocrine Society Scientific Statement described the Health Disparities in several endocrine disorders, including type 2 diabetes. In this review, we summarize that statement and provide novel updates on race/ethnic differences in children and adults with type 1 diabetes, children with type 2 diabetes, and in Latino subpopulations. We also review race/ethnic differences in the epidemiology of diabetes, prediabetes, and diabetes complications and mortality in the United States and globally. Finally, we discuss biological, behavioral, social, environmental, and health system contributors to diabetes disparities to identify areas for future preventive interventions.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Prediabetic State
PubMed: 24037313
DOI: 10.1007/s11892-013-0421-9 -
Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology... Dec 2019
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic
PubMed: 31860932
DOI: 10.1055/a-1018-9262 -
Clinical Science (London, England :... Oct 2016The incidence of diabetes has more than doubled in the United States in the last 30 years and the global disease rate is projected to double by 2030. Cognitive... (Review)
Review
The incidence of diabetes has more than doubled in the United States in the last 30 years and the global disease rate is projected to double by 2030. Cognitive impairment has been associated with diabetes, worsening quality of life in patients. The structural and functional interaction of neurons with the surrounding vasculature is critical for proper function of the central nervous system including domains involved in learning and memory. Thus, in this review we explore cognitive impairment in patients and experimental models, focusing on links to vascular dysfunction and structural changes. Lastly, we propose a role for the innate immunity-mediated inflammation in neurovascular changes in diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cognition; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 27634842
DOI: 10.1042/CS20160397 -
Endocrine Reviews Jun 2008The deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus on the retinal, renal, cardiovascular, and peripheral nervous systems are widely acknowledged. Less attention has been given... (Review)
Review
The deleterious effects of diabetes mellitus on the retinal, renal, cardiovascular, and peripheral nervous systems are widely acknowledged. Less attention has been given to the effect of diabetes on cognitive function. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been associated with reduced performance on numerous domains of cognitive function. The exact pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in diabetes is not completely understood, but it is likely that hyperglycemia, vascular disease, hypoglycemia, and insulin resistance play significant roles. Modalities to study the effect of diabetes on the brain have evolved over the years, including neurocognitive testing, evoked response potentials, and magnetic resonance imaging. Although much insightful research has examined cognitive dysfunction in patients with diabetes, more needs to be understood about the mechanisms and natural history of this complication in order to develop strategies for prevention and treatment.
Topics: Animals; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Models, Biological
PubMed: 18436709
DOI: 10.1210/er.2007-0034 -
Glycoconjugate Journal Aug 2016Glycation is important in the development of complications of diabetes mellitus and may have a central role in the well-described glycaemic memory effect in developing... (Review)
Review
Glycation is important in the development of complications of diabetes mellitus and may have a central role in the well-described glycaemic memory effect in developing these complications. Skin fluorescence has emerged over the last decade as a non-invasive method for assessing accumulation of advanced glycation endproducts. Skin fluorescence is independently related to micro- and macrovascular complications in both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with mortality in type 2 diabetes. The relation between skin fluorescence and cardiovascular disease also extends to other conditions with increased tissue AGE levels, such as renal failure. Besides cardiovascular complications, skin fluorescence has been associated, more recently, with other prevalent conditions in diabetes, such as brain atrophy and depression. Furthermore, skin fluorescence is related to past long-term glycaemic control and clinical markers of cardiovascular disease. This review will discuss the technique of skin fluorescence, its validation as a marker of tissue AGE accumulation, and its use as a clinical tool for the prediction of long-term complications in diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Fluorescence; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Skin
PubMed: 27287226
DOI: 10.1007/s10719-016-9683-1 -
Romanian Journal of Internal Medicine =... Dec 2020Diabetes mellitus is a predominant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. One of its serious health problems is cardiovascular complications. Advanced glycation end... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus is a predominant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. One of its serious health problems is cardiovascular complications. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are a group of heterogeneous toxic oxidant compounds that are formed after a non-enzymatic reaction between monosaccharides and free amino groups of proteins, compound lipids, and nucleic acids. AGE interacts with various types of cells through a receptor for AGE (RAGE). The interaction between AGE and RAGE is responsible for a cascade of inflammation, oxidative stress, and disruption of calcium homeostasis in cardiac cells of diabetic patients. There is striking evidence that the AGE/RAGE axis with its consequences on inflammation and oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of cardiovascular complications. Therefore, considering AGE as a therapeutic target with foreseeable results would be a wise direction for future research. Interestingly, several studies on nutraceutical, pharmaceutical, and natural products have begun to reveal promising therapeutic results, and this could lead to better health outcomes for many diabetic patients worldwide. This article discusses the current literature addressing the connection between protein glycation and diabetes cardiovascular complications and suggests future avenues of research.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Complications; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans
PubMed: 32759408
DOI: 10.2478/rjim-2020-0021 -
BioMed Research International 2016Diabetes mellitus- (DM-) related vascular diseases attract increased attention due to their high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of obesity, atherosclerosis,... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus- (DM-) related vascular diseases attract increased attention due to their high morbidity and mortality. The incidence of obesity, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and dyslipidemia is significantly higher in DM patients, with an earlier onset and faster progression compared with non-DM patients. DM-related vascular diseases including macrovascular and microvascular complications are characterized by endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, a better understanding of the etiology and mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction is important for the diagnosis and treatment of DM. Endothelial microparticles (EMPs) are new diagnostic and therapeutic targets and biomarkers in DM-related vascular disease. Circulating EMPs containing biologically active substances act as intercellular signals under physiological and pathological conditions. They serve as biological markers of altered vascular endothelium and reflect the pathological progression and diminished endothelial function of blood vessels. Recent evidence suggests that the plasma level of EMPs is significantly higher in DM patients than in healthy population and is significantly correlated with DM-related complications. These observations have prompted speculation that EMPs play a crucial role in the pathophysiology of DM. This review summarizes the known and potential roles of EMPs in the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and clinical prognosis of DM and related vascular diseases.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetic Angiopathies; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans
PubMed: 27803933
DOI: 10.1155/2016/9802026 -
Prostaglandins & Other Lipid Mediators Jan 2012MSCs are considered to be the natural precursors to adipocyte development through the process of adipogenesis. A link has been established between decreased protective... (Review)
Review
MSCs are considered to be the natural precursors to adipocyte development through the process of adipogenesis. A link has been established between decreased protective effects of EETs or HO-1 and their interaction in metabolic syndrome. Decreases in HO-1 or EET were associated with an increase in adipocyte stem cell differentiation and increased levels of inflammatory cytokines. EET agonist (AKR-I-27-28) inhibited MSC-derived adipocytes and decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines. We further describe the role of CYP-epoxygenase expression, HO expression, and circulating cytokine levels in an obese mouse, ob/ob(-/-) mouse model. Ex vivo measurements of EET expression within MSCs derived from ob/ob(-/-) showed decreased levels of EETs that were increased by HO induction. This review demonstrates that suppression of HO and EET systems exist in MSCs prior to the development of adipocyte dysfunction. Further, adipocyte dysfunction can be ameliorated by induction of HO-1 and CYP-epoxygenase, i.e. EET.
Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Animals; Diabetes Complications; Heme Oxygenase-1; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Protein Binding
PubMed: 22100745
DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2011.10.002 -
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta Aug 2013Epidemiology studies revealed the connection between several types of cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and suggested that T2D is both a symptom and a risk factor of... (Review)
Review
Epidemiology studies revealed the connection between several types of cancer and type 2 diabetes (T2D) and suggested that T2D is both a symptom and a risk factor of pancreatic cancer. High level of circulating insulin (hyperinsulinemia) in obesity has been implicated in promoting aggressive types of cancers. Insulin resistance, a symptom of T2D, pressures pancreatic β-cells to increase insulin secretion, leading to hyperinsulinemia, which in turn leads to a gradual loss of functional β-cell mass, thus indicating a fine balance and interplay between β-cell function and mass. While the mechanisms of these connections are unclear, the mTORC1-Akt signaling pathway has been implicated in controlling β-cell function and mass, and in mediating the link of cancer and T2D. However, incomplete understating of how the pathway is regulated and how it integrates body metabolism has hindered its efficacy as a clinical target. The IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1)-Exocyst axis is a growth factor- and nutrient-sensor that couples cell growth and division. Here we discuss how IQGAP1-Exocyst, through differential interactions with Rho-type of small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases), acts as a rheostat that modulates the mTORC1-Akt and MAPK signals, and integrates β-cell function and mass with insulin signaling, thus providing a molecular mechanism for cancer initiation in diabetes. Delineating this regulatory pathway may have the potential of contributing to optimizing the efficacy and selectivity of future therapies for cancer and diabetes.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans; Neoplasms; Signal Transduction; ras GTPase-Activating Proteins
PubMed: 23639840
DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.04.005 -
Journal of Diabetes Research 2021In today's society, the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its subsequent complications have brought trouble to human beings. Complications caused by... (Review)
Review
In today's society, the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus and its subsequent complications have brought trouble to human beings. Complications caused by diabetes bring not only physical and mental pain to patients but also a heavy economic burden to families. And once diabetic complications occur, they are often irreversible and very difficult. At present, some studies suggest that nanotechnology can treat some diabetic complications. This paper reviews the application of nanotechnology in the repair of diabetic segmental bone injury, the healing of diabetic skin ulcers, the therapeutic effect, and improvement strategies and deficiencies of nanotechnology in diabetic complications.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Nanomedicine; Prognosis
PubMed: 34007847
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6612063