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Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2019
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Insulin Secretion
PubMed: 30606926
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.18-00163-F -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022
Topics: Humans; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 36465623
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1091358 -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Jul 2016Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome caused by various etiologies. The clinical manifestations of DM are not indicative of the cause of the disease, but might be... (Review)
Review
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a syndrome caused by various etiologies. The clinical manifestations of DM are not indicative of the cause of the disease, but might be indicative of the stage and severity of the disease process. Accurately diagnosing and classifying diabetic dogs and cats by the underlying disease process is essential for current and future studies on early detection, prevention, and treatment of underlying disease. Here, we review the current etiology-based classification of DM and definitions of DM types in human medicine and discuss key points on the pathogenesis of each DM type and prediabetes. We then review current evidence for application of this etiology-based classification scheme in dogs and cats. In dogs, we emphasize the lack of consistent evidence for autoimmune DM (Type 1) and the possible importance of other DM types such as DM associated with exocrine pancreatic disease. While most dogs are first examined because of DM in an insulin-dependent state, early and accurate diagnosis of the underlying disease process could change the long-term outcome and allow some degree of insulin independence. In cats, we review the appropriateness of using the umbrella term of Type 2 DM and differentiating it from DM secondary to other endocrine disease like hypersomatotropism. This differentiation could have crucial implications on treatment and prognosis. We also discuss the challenges in defining and diagnosing prediabetes in cats.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Humans; Veterinary Medicine
PubMed: 27461721
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14357 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metformin
PubMed: 35769073
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.933562 -
Diabetologia Sep 2020The convergence of advances in medical science, human biology, data science and technology has enabled the generation of new insights into the phenotype known as...
The convergence of advances in medical science, human biology, data science and technology has enabled the generation of new insights into the phenotype known as 'diabetes'. Increased knowledge of this condition has emerged from populations around the world, illuminating the differences in how diabetes presents, its variable prevalence and how best practice in treatment varies between populations. In parallel, focus has been placed on the development of tools for the application of precision medicine to numerous conditions. This Consensus Report presents the American Diabetes Association (ADA) Precision Medicine in Diabetes Initiative in partnership with the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), including its mission, the current state of the field and prospects for the future. Expert opinions are presented on areas of precision diagnostics and precision therapeutics (including prevention and treatment) and key barriers to and opportunities for implementation of precision diabetes medicine, with better care and outcomes around the globe, are highlighted. Cases where precision diagnosis is already feasible and effective (i.e. monogenic forms of diabetes) are presented, while the major hurdles to the global implementation of precision diagnosis of complex forms of diabetes are discussed. The situation is similar for precision therapeutics, in which the appropriate therapy will often change over time owing to the manner in which diabetes evolves within individual patients. This Consensus Report describes a foundation for precision diabetes medicine, while highlighting what remains to be done to realise its potential. This, combined with a subsequent, detailed evidence-based review (due 2022), will provide a roadmap for precision medicine in diabetes that helps improve the quality of life for all those with diabetes.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetes, Gestational; Europe; Female; Health Equity; Humans; Mental Health; Patient-Centered Care; Precision Medicine; Pregnancy; Quality of Life; Societies, Medical; United States
PubMed: 32556613
DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05181-w -
Clinical Medicine (London, England) Sep 2019Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is common following solid organ transplantation, and is a risk factor for graft failure and patient mortality. In addition to... (Review)
Review
Post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is common following solid organ transplantation, and is a risk factor for graft failure and patient mortality. In addition to standard diabetes risk factors such as obesity and ethnicity, patients undergoing transplantation also have the additional risk factors of immunosuppressive agents and infections such as hepatitis C. Patients undergoing transplant assessment should be screened for diabetes. If non-diabetic, but deemed at high risk, they should be offered careful lifestyle advice to reduce risk of post-transplant weight gain and therefore reduce risk of PTDM. Hyperglycaemia in the early post-operative period should be managed ideally with insulin therapy. Once clinically stable, there may be an opportunity to reduce or stop insulin, and consider oral hypoglycaemic agents. Despite lack of evidence from randomised trials, PTDM should be actively screened for in all transplant recipients, and actively managed with structured education, screening for complications, cardiovascular risk reduction and anti-hyperglycaemic therapy.
Topics: Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Organ Transplantation; Postoperative Complications; Risk Factors
PubMed: 31530687
DOI: 10.7861/clinmed.2019-0195 -
Acta Medica Portuguesa Dec 2021
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans
PubMed: 32456770
DOI: 10.20344/amp.13111 -
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of... Dec 2020Although type 1 diabetes mellitus and, to a lesser extent, type 2 diabetes mellitus, are the prevailing forms of diabetes in youth, atypical forms of diabetes are not... (Review)
Review
Although type 1 diabetes mellitus and, to a lesser extent, type 2 diabetes mellitus, are the prevailing forms of diabetes in youth, atypical forms of diabetes are not uncommon and may require etiology-specific therapies. By some estimates, up to 6.5% of children with diabetes have monogenic forms. Mitochondrial diabetes and cystic fibrosis related diabetes are less common but often noted in the underlying disease. Atypical diabetes should be considered in patients with a known disorder associated with diabetes, aged less than 25 years with nonautoimmune diabetes and without typical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus, and/or with comorbidities associated with atypical diabetes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Cystic Fibrosis; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mitochondrial Diseases; Young Adult
PubMed: 33153675
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecl.2020.07.004 -
Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice Aug 2022
Topics: COVID-19; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35907506
DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110025 -
Experimental Diabetes Research 2012
Topics: Animals; Comorbidity; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Neoplasms; Risk
PubMed: 23082075
DOI: 10.1155/2012/101802