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American Family Physician Jun 2014
Topics: Acyclovir; Antiviral Agents; C-Reactive Protein; Diaper Rash; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Herpes Simplex; Herpesvirus 1, Human; Humans; Infant; Leukocyte Count; Male
PubMed: 25162165
DOI: No ID Found -
Heliyon Oct 2023Diaper dermatitis is one of infants and toddlers' most common skin diseases; it accounts for 10-20 % of all skin diseases and 25 % of pediatric dermatology visits....
BACKGROUND
Diaper dermatitis is one of infants and toddlers' most common skin diseases; it accounts for 10-20 % of all skin diseases and 25 % of pediatric dermatology visits. Diaper dermatitis also increases parents' mental health problems and compromises the quality of life. Despite its ill outcome, diaper dermatitis's burden and risk factors are poorly studied in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude of diaper dermatitis and associated factors among 1-24 months children visiting public health facilities in Arba Minch town, southern Ethiopia.
METHODS
A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 671 mother-child pairs from May 15 to June 15, 2022. A structured and pretested interviewer-administered questionnaire and observational checklist were used to collect the information. The data was collected using an open data kit tools and analyzed using Stata version 17.0. Bivariable and multivariable analyses were carried out to identify factors associated with diaper dermatitis. P-value <0.05 was considered to declare statistical significance.
RESULTS
In this study, 664 mother-child pairs, yielded a response rate of 98.96 %, were involved. Overall, 35.69 % [95 % CI: 32.04, 39.47] of children encountered diaper dermatitis. Being government-employed (AOR: 2.49, 95 % CI: 1.42, 4.35), primiparity (AOR: 1.52, 95 % CI: 1.03, 2.23), unplanned pregnancy (AOR: 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.22, 3.04), having poor knowledge about diaper dermatitis (AOR: 1.74, 95 % CI: 1.19, 2.56), using both disposable and non-disposable diapers alternatively (AOR: 3.35, 95 % CI: 1.55, 7.22), and applying ointments on diaper area (AOR: 1.93, 95 % CI: 1.26, 2.97) all increase the likelihood of diaper dermatitis.
CONCLUSION
Diaper dermatitis was high in the study hospitals; over one-third experienced it. Maternal occupation, parity, pregnancy status, maternal knowledge of diaper dermatitis, diaper type, and ointment application were significantly associated with diaper dermatitis. Improving maternal/guardian knowledge about diapering and diaper dermatitis is critical to reducing the burden and severity of the problem.
PubMed: 37860555
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20785 -
Pediatric Dermatology Jul 2020Diaper dermatitis is one of the most frequent skin conditions affecting infants and is associated with elevated skin pH, exposure to urine and feces, and increased fecal... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES
Diaper dermatitis is one of the most frequent skin conditions affecting infants and is associated with elevated skin pH, exposure to urine and feces, and increased fecal protease and lipase activity, resulting in stratum corneum barrier damage and increased risk of infection. The study aim was to determine the impact of two diaper and wipe regimens on newborn infant skin pH and residual enzyme activity after stool cleaning.
METHODS
Two diaper and wipe regimens were compared in a randomized, single-blinded crossover study. Regimen A paired an emollient-containing diaper with an acidic, pH-buffered wipe. Regimen B was a non-emollient diaper and wipe with limited buffering capacity. A 3-day washout period preceded each 3-day regimen use period. Skin pH at the perianal/buttocks interface (PBI), genital region, and undiapered chest control were measured at baseline and day 3. Skin swabs were collected for residual enzyme activity after a stool cleaning event.
RESULTS
Diapered skin pH at the PBI was similar to undiapered skin after 3 days of use for Regimen A, while PBI pH for Regimen B was elevated versus control. PBI pH was lower for Regimen A versus Regimen B. After a stool cleaning, PBI skin pH for Regimen A was lower immediately and had lower residual enzyme activity versus Regimen B (P < .05), and the pH-lowering effect was sustained up to 60 minutes.
CONCLUSIONS
These results suggest that the use of an emollient-containing diaper with a pH-buffered wipe creates conditions favorable to optimum diapered skin health.
Topics: Child; Cross-Over Studies; Diaper Rash; Emollients; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Infant Care; Infant, Newborn
PubMed: 32314466
DOI: 10.1111/pde.14169 -
The Journal of Pediatrics Mar 2021To examine the possible association between diaper need, difficulty affording an adequate amount of diapers, and pediatric care visits for urinary tract infections and...
OBJECTIVE
To examine the possible association between diaper need, difficulty affording an adequate amount of diapers, and pediatric care visits for urinary tract infections and diaper dermatitis.
STUDY DESIGN
This cross-sectional analysis using nationally representative survey data collected July-August 2017 using a web-based panel examined 981 parents of children between 0 and 3 years of age in the US (response rate, 94%). Survey weighting for differential probabilities of selection and nonresponse was used to estimate the prevalence of diaper need and to perform multivariable logistic regression of the association between parent reported diaper need and visits to the pediatrician for diaper rash or urinary tract infections within the past 12 months.
RESULTS
An estimated 36% of parents endorsed diaper need. Both diaper need (aOR 2.37; 95% CI 1.69-3.31) and visiting organizations to receive diapers (aOR 2.14; 95% CI 1.43-3.21) were associated with diaper dermatitis visits. Similar associations were found for diaper need (aOR 2.63; 95% CI 1.54-4.49) and visiting organizations to receive diapers (aOR 4.50; 95% CI 2.63-7.70) for urinary tract infection visits.
CONCLUSIONS
Diaper need is common and associated with increased pediatric care visits. These findings suggest pediatric provider and policy interventions decreasing diaper need could improve child health and reduce associated healthcare use.
Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diaper Rash; Diapers, Infant; Facilities and Services Utilization; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Parents; United States; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 33130154
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.10.061 -
Nursing and Midwifery Studies Jun 2014Diaper rash is one of the most common skin disorders of infancy and childhood. Some studies have shown that Shampoo-clay was effective to treat chronic dermatitis. Then,...
BACKGROUND
Diaper rash is one of the most common skin disorders of infancy and childhood. Some studies have shown that Shampoo-clay was effective to treat chronic dermatitis. Then, it is supposed that it may be effective in diaper rash; however, no published studies were found in this regard.
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to compare the effects of Shampoo-clay (S.C) and Calendula officinalis (C.O) to improve infantile diaper rash.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A randomized, double blind, parallel controlled, non-inferiority trial was conducted on 60 outpatient infants referred to health care centers or pediatric clinics in Khomein city and diagnosed with diaper rash. Patients were randomly assigned into two treatment groups including S.C group (n = 30) and C.O group (n = 30) by using one to one allocation ratio. The rate of complete recovery in three days was the primary outcome. Data was collected using a checklist and analyzed using t-test, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests and risk ratio.
RESULTS
Totally, 93.3% of lesions in the S.C group healed in the first 6 hours, while this rate was 40% in C.O group (P < 0.001). The healing ratio for improvement in the first 6 hours was 7 times more in the S.C group. In addition, 90% of infants in the SC group and 36.7% in the C.O group were improved completely in the first 3 days (P < 0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
S.C was effective to heal diaper rash, and also had faster effects compared to C.O.
PubMed: 25414900
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Dermatology Jul 2019To identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with diaper dermatitis in Thai children aged 1-24 months.
BACKGROUND
To identify the prevalence and risk factors associated with diaper dermatitis in Thai children aged 1-24 months.
METHODS
This was a cross-sectional study of 1153 participants using structural questionnaires, which was conducted at Khon Kaen University Faculty of Medicine Pediatric department in Thailand. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to test the association between diaper dermatitis and its possible risk factors.
RESULTS
The prevalence of diaper dermatitis among the study population was 36.1%, a rate which significantly decreased with age. The highest prevalence was found in subjects who were one to six months old. Risk factors that had a statistically significant association with diaper dermatitis in both univariate and multivariate analysis were i) diaper changing fewer than three times/night, ii) previous episodes of diaper rash, iii) using cloth diapers, and iv) topical application of baby talcum powder to the diaper area.
CONCLUSIONS
Frequent diaper changings during the daytime do not compensate for fewer changings during the night. Moreover, the use of baby talcum powder on the diaper area significantly increased the risk of diaper dermatitis among the study population. These findings should be applied in future preventive strategies for diaper dermatitis in this age group.
Topics: Age Factors; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diaper Rash; Diapers, Infant; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Talc; Thailand
PubMed: 31262288
DOI: 10.1186/s12895-019-0089-1 -
Ostomy/wound Management Jun 2007Despite significant technological advances in the care of premature neonates and chronically ill children, the knowledge and evidence base for the management of this... (Review)
Review
Despite significant technological advances in the care of premature neonates and chronically ill children, the knowledge and evidence base for the management of this population's wound care lag far behind its adult counterpart. Updating antiquated care regimens is an uphill battle. This review of the literature seeks to illuminate key anatomical/structural differences in neonatal skin with particular attention paid to percutaneous absorption and tolerance of adhesives. The article also presents anatomically and physiologically based recommendations for the selection of prevention and treatment modalities, including specific dressing types, appropriate dressing change and securement procedures, and pain management. Commonly encountered wound types (epidermal stripping; surgical wounds; extravasation and thermal injuries; chemical burns; pressure ulcers; diaper dermatitis; and wounds secondary to congenital conditions) are discussed. Opportunities for research abound and are considered.
Topics: Bandages; Benchmarking; Burns; Child; Child, Preschool; Diaper Rash; Evidence-Based Medicine; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Neonatal Nursing; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Patient Education as Topic; Pediatric Nursing; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Pressure Ulcer; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Skin Care; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 17586871
DOI: No ID Found -
Revue Medicale de Liege Feb 2004Diaper dermatitis is a frequent condition. Several clinical types are distinguished. The most frequent type results from increased fragility of the newborn buttock skin... (Review)
Review
Diaper dermatitis is a frequent condition. Several clinical types are distinguished. The most frequent type results from increased fragility of the newborn buttock skin when covered by diapers. According to the mechanisms involved and the severity of the dermatitis, one can distinguish the intertrigo of the chubby baby, and the so-called "W", "Y" and "red panties" types of diaper dermatitis. When the effects of occlusion are not controlled by adequate absorption by the diapers, hyperhydration of the stratum corneum occurs and progresses to maceration. As a result, the value of the coefficient of friction of the skin increases with epidermal weakening to rubbing. In addition, fecal enzymes (urease, proteases and lipases) alter urines and skin. Judicious hygiene measures and the correct choice of diapers are mandatory. Cutaneous colonization by microorganisms, the most important of which being Candida albicans, is the main complication. Adequate preventive and curative measures can combat diaper dermatitis with confidence. A miconazole paste allows to improve the tribological properties of the interface between diapers and the skin. It also abates the impact of Candida albicans in the pathogenesis of the skin disorder.
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Diaper Rash; Diapers, Infant; Feces; Humans; Humidity; Infant; Urine
PubMed: 15112901
DOI: No ID Found -
Ostomy/wound Management Dec 2006Fecal incontinence presents a major challenge in the comprehensive nursing care of acutely and critically ill patients. When manifested as diarrhea, the effects of fecal... (Review)
Review
Fecal incontinence presents a major challenge in the comprehensive nursing care of acutely and critically ill patients. When manifested as diarrhea, the effects of fecal incontinence can range from mild (superficial skin irritation) to profound (severe perineal dermatitis, dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and sepsis). Fecal incontinence has many etiologies and risk factors. These include damage to the anal sphincter or pelvic floor, liquid stool consistency, abnormal colonic transport, and decreased intestinal capacity. To avoid or minimize complications, the cause of diarrhea should be addressed, fecal leakage prevented, stool contained, and skin integrity preserved. Management options addressing these goals include diet, pharmacological therapy, and the use of containment products. Management options and their respective advantages and disadvantages are presented with a special focus on safety issues. Diverse approaches are safe only if they are knowledgeably selected, carefully instituted, and constantly monitored for their effects on patient outcomes. Research to identify which options work best in selected clinical situations and which combinations of therapies are most effective is needed.
Topics: Acute Disease; Antidiarrheals; Bandages; Causality; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Dehydration; Diaper Rash; Diapers, Adult; Diarrhea; Drainage; Fecal Incontinence; Humans; Nursing Assessment; Patient Care Planning; Prevalence; Skin Care
PubMed: 17204827
DOI: No ID Found -
Pediatric Dermatology Jul 2021Newborn infant skin is functional but immature, and diapering products can play a significant role in infant diapered skin health. Previous work demonstrated a regimen... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
Newborn infant skin is functional but immature, and diapering products can play a significant role in infant diapered skin health. Previous work demonstrated a regimen consisting of a diaper with an emollient and apertures on the inner liner (topsheet) with an acidic, pH-buffered wipe (Regimen A) lowered newborn skin pH and reduced the enzymatic activity on skin post-stool cleaning versus a regimen without these features (Regimen B). This study extends these findings to determine the impact of Regimen A on diaper area erythema severity over a 2-week use period.
METHODS
This IRB-approved, blinded, randomized, crossover study enrolled newborn infants >7 days and ≤8 weeks. Participants exclusively used two unique diaper and wipe combinations, Regimen A and Regimen B (non-emollient, non-aperture containing topsheet and wipe with limited buffering capacity), each for 14 days and preceded by a 3-day washout regimen.
RESULTS
Diapered skin pH was reduced during Regimen A use to values similar to that of a non-diapered control site (chest), while use of Regimen B was associated with a more alkaline skin pH. Regimen A resulted in significantly fewer severe erythema episodes. At the site of highest erythema, the perianal space, the average erythema score was significantly lower and more newborns were free of erythema while using Regimen A vs. Regimen B (P < .05).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings demonstrate that diapering products can have a significant impact on newborn skin. They reinforce the need to support the physiological normalization of skin pH and protection from skin irritation and damage.
Topics: Cross-Over Studies; Diaper Rash; Erythema; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Skin; Skin Care
PubMed: 34060142
DOI: 10.1111/pde.14602