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BMC Medicine May 2017Calorie restriction (CR) extends lifespan and has been shown to reduce age-related diseases including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases... (Review)
Review
Calorie restriction (CR) extends lifespan and has been shown to reduce age-related diseases including cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases in experimental models. Recent translational studies have tested the potential of CR or CR mimetics as adjuvant therapies to enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and novel immunotherapies. Chronic CR is challenging to employ in cancer patients, and therefore intermittent fasting, CR mimetic drugs, or alternative diets (such as a ketogenic diet), may be more suitable. Intermittent fasting has been shown to enhance treatment with both chemotherapy and radiation therapy. CR and fasting elicit different responses in normal and cancer cells, and reduce certain side effects of cytotoxic therapy. Findings from preclinical studies of CR mimetic drugs and other dietary interventions, such as the ketogenic diet, are promising for improving the efficacy of anticancer therapies and reducing the side effects of cytotoxic treatments. Current and future clinical studies will inform on which cancers, and at which stage of the cancer process, CR, fasting, or CR mimetic regimens will prove most effective.
Topics: Animals; Caloric Restriction; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 28539118
DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0873-x -
Molecular Cell Jun 2020Malignant cells remodel their metabolism to meet the demands of uncontrolled cell proliferation. These demands lead to differential requirements in energy, biosynthetic... (Review)
Review
Malignant cells remodel their metabolism to meet the demands of uncontrolled cell proliferation. These demands lead to differential requirements in energy, biosynthetic precursors, and signaling intermediates. Both genetic programs arising from oncogenic events and transcriptional programs and epigenomic events are important in providing the necessary metabolic network activity. Accumulating evidence has established that environmental factors play a major role in shaping cancer cell metabolism. For metabolism, diet and nutrition are the major environmental aspects and have emerged as key components in determining cancer cell metabolism. In this review, we discuss these emerging concepts in cancer metabolism and how diet and nutrition influence cancer cell metabolism.
Topics: Carcinogenesis; Cell Proliferation; Diet; Diet Therapy; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Neoplasms; Nutrition Therapy; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32504556
DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.05.018 -
The Indian Journal of Medical Research Sep 2018
Topics: Diet, Ketogenic; Humans; Metabolism; Obesity; Risk Assessment
PubMed: 30425213
DOI: 10.4103/ijmr.IJMR_1666_18 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) May 2024: Ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) has been used as a non-pharmacological treatment for childhood refractory epilepsy. Its efficacy and safety have been described in...
: Ketogenic diet therapy (KDT) has been used as a non-pharmacological treatment for childhood refractory epilepsy. Its efficacy and safety have been described in numerous studies and reviews. However, there have been fewer studies evaluating the challenges experienced by patients and their family members when starting KDT. When implementing a new treatment method, challenges arise for both the healthcare professionals and patients, making it important to summarize the initial results and compare them with the experiences of other centers. To analyze and evaluate the efficacy and safety of KDT in children with epilepsy, as well as to consider the challenges faced by their parents/caregivers. : A retrospective analysis of patients' data (N = 30) and an analysis of the completed questionnaires of the parents/caregivers (N = 22) occurred. : In the study group, 66.7% of the patients had a >50% decrease in seizure frequency, and 2/3 of them had a >90% decrease in seizure frequency or were seizure-free, which enabled reducing the anti-seizure medications in 36.4% of the patients, as well as reducing the hospital visits. Cognitive improvement and better alertness were subjectively reported by 59.1% of the parents/caregivers. No dangerous long-term adverse effects of KDT have been observed in the study group. The patients with generalized epilepsy experienced significantly more adverse events. Most of the adverse effects of KDT were related to the digestive system, but usually they were temporary and controllable. The challenges of the parents/caregivers were mostly related to social life issues and financial difficulties; the medical-related challenges were minimal. : KDT is an effective and safe treatment option for children with drug-resistant epilepsy, and the challenges faced by families are resolvable. In order to ensure effective KDT, a multidisciplinary team is required. This would ensure smooth and comprehensive care and the timely resolution of emerging problems. The cooperation of the families undergoing KDT is also important, enabling them to share their experiences.
Topics: Humans; Diet, Ketogenic; Retrospective Studies; Male; Female; Child; Child, Preschool; Epilepsy; Treatment Outcome; Surveys and Questionnaires; Adolescent; Infant
PubMed: 38929536
DOI: 10.3390/medicina60060919 -
The American Journal of Clinical... Mar 2021
Topics: Adult; Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Glutens; Humans; Life Style; Research
PubMed: 33515028
DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqaa371 -
Biomedical Journal 2013Since their introduction in 1921, high-fat, low-carbohydrate "ketogenic" diets have been used worldwide for refractory childhood epilepsy. Approximately half of the... (Review)
Review
Since their introduction in 1921, high-fat, low-carbohydrate "ketogenic" diets have been used worldwide for refractory childhood epilepsy. Approximately half of the children have at least half their seizures reduced, including 15% who are seizure free. The mechanisms of action of dietary therapies are under active investigation and appear to involve mitochondria. Once perceived as a last resort, modifications to initiation and maintenance, as well as the widespread use of pre-made ketogenic formulas have allowed dietary treatment to be used earlier in the course of epilepsy. For infantile spasms (West syndrome) specifically, the ketogenic diet is successful about 50% of the time as a first-line treatment. New "alternative" diets such as the modified Atkins diet were created in 2003 and can be started more easily and are less restrictive. They may have particular value for countries in Asia. Side effects include constipation, dyslipidemia, growth slowing, acidosis, and kidney stones. Additionally, neurologists are studying ketogenic diets for conditions other than epilepsy, including Alzheimer's disease, autism, and brain tumors.
Topics: Animals; Asia; Brain Neoplasms; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Ketogenic; Dietary Fats; Epilepsy; Humans; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 23515147
DOI: 10.4103/2319-4170.107152 -
Nutrients Dec 2020Hypertension is a common health problem, and one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease [...].
Hypertension is a common health problem, and one of the most important risk factors for cardiovascular disease [...].
Topics: Blood Pressure; Diet, Mediterranean; Dietary Approaches To Stop Hypertension; Humans; Hypertension; Nutrients; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 33371183
DOI: 10.3390/nu12123902 -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Dec 2011Various dietary strategies can effectively reduce weight, as shown by this review. Those that are coupled with behavior therapy and ongoing support tend to produce... (Review)
Review
Various dietary strategies can effectively reduce weight, as shown by this review. Those that are coupled with behavior therapy and ongoing support tend to produce longer lasting effects. Improvements in health parameters are observed with each dietary strategy. Improvements in diabetes and CVD risk factors have been observed with diets ranging from 10% fat to 45% fat. HP diets seem to be particularly effective in reducing fat mass and TAG, especially in individuals with dyslipidemia and who are at risk for type 2 diabetes. Likewise, LC diets have been shown to be effective in decreasing TAG and VLDL and increasing HDL. Although low-GI diets do not seem to be superior to any other diet for weight loss, there is evidence to suggest that they may provide some metabolic benefit for those with type 2 diabetes. Clearly, all of these diets have benefits but they can be realized only when they are followed. A common theme across studies is poor long-term adherence and weight regain. Dansinger and colleagues found a strong association between diet adherence and clinically significant weight loss, suggesting that “sustained adherence to a diet” rather than “following a certain type of diet” is the key to successful weight management.
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Body Composition; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet Fads; Diet Therapy; Female; Glycemic Index; Humans; Male; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Obesity; Patient Compliance; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Secondary Prevention; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 22098806
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2011.08.004 -
Annals of Nutrition & Metabolism 2016
Topics: Diet Therapy; Dietary Carbohydrates; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
PubMed: 27355206
DOI: 10.1159/000445484 -
Journal of the American College of... Dec 2018Reduction in excess calories and improvement in dietary composition may prevent many primary and secondary cardiovascular events. Current guidelines recommend diets high... (Review)
Review
Reduction in excess calories and improvement in dietary composition may prevent many primary and secondary cardiovascular events. Current guidelines recommend diets high in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts, and legumes; moderate in low-fat dairy and seafood; and low in processed meats, sugar-sweetened beverages, refined grains, and sodium. Supplementation can be useful for some people but cannot replace a good diet. Factors that influence individuals to consume a low-quality diet are myriad and include lack of knowledge, lack of availability, high cost, time scarcity, social and cultural norms, marketing of poor-quality foods, and palatability. Governments should focus on cardiovascular disease as a global threat and enact policies that will reach all levels of society and create a food environment wherein healthy foods are accessible, affordable, and desirable. Health professionals should be proficient in basic nutritional knowledge to promote a sustainable pattern of healthful eating for cardiovascular disease prevention for both healthy individuals and those at higher risk.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet Therapy; Diet, Healthy; Diet, Mediterranean; Diet, Western; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Health Promotion; Humans
PubMed: 30522630
DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2018.10.019