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EBioMedicine Mar 2017The nascent field of 'Nutritional Psychiatry' offers much promise for addressing the large disease burden associated with mental disorders. A consistent evidence base... (Review)
Review
The nascent field of 'Nutritional Psychiatry' offers much promise for addressing the large disease burden associated with mental disorders. A consistent evidence base from the observational literature confirms that the quality of individuals' diets is related to their risk for common mental disorders, such as depression. This is the case across countries and age groups. Moreover, new intervention studies implementing dietary changes suggest promise for the prevention and treatment of depression. Concurrently, data point to the utility of selected nutraceuticals as adjunctive treatments for mental disorders and as monotherapies for conditions such as ADHD. Finally, new studies focused on understanding the biological pathways that mediate the observed relationships between diet, nutrition and mental health are pointing to the immune system, oxidative biology, brain plasticity and the microbiome-gut-brain axis as key targets for nutritional interventions. On the other hand, the field is currently limited by a lack of data and methodological issues such as heterogeneity, residual confounding, measurement error, and challenges in measuring and ensuring dietary adherence in intervention studies. Key challenges for the field are to now: replicate, refine and scale up promising clinical and population level dietary strategies; identify a clear set of biological pathways and targets that mediate the identified associations; conduct scientifically rigorous nutraceutical and 'psychobiotic' interventions that also examine predictors of treatment response; conduct observational and experimental studies in psychosis focused on dietary and related risk factors and treatments; and continue to advocate for policy change to improve the food environment at the population level.
Topics: Animals; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Depression; Diet; Diet Therapy; Dietary Supplements; Humans
PubMed: 28242200
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.02.020 -
Arthritis Research & Therapy Dec 2014An evaluation of the effect of 1 year of a gluten-free diet was performed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome displaying lymphocytic...
An evaluation of the effect of 1 year of a gluten-free diet was performed in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and fibromyalgia syndrome displaying lymphocytic enteritis. Gluten withdrawal produced a slight but significant improvement of the functional symptoms, suggesting that gluten might be partly responsible for this clinical picture. This hypothesis should be confirmed by a double-blind placebo-controlled trial since it cannot be ruled out that the studied patients displayed a subjective sensation of improvement due to the placebo effect of gluten withdrawal. Further investigations are needed before recommending gluten withdrawal in patients with fibromyalgia and lymphocytic enteritis.
Topics: Diet, Gluten-Free; Enteritis; Female; Fibromyalgia; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Male
PubMed: 25602179
DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0505-1 -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Jun 2015Continued progression of kidney disease will lead to renal function too low to sustain healthy life. In developed countries, such people will be offered renal... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Continued progression of kidney disease will lead to renal function too low to sustain healthy life. In developed countries, such people will be offered renal replacement therapy in the form of dialysis or renal transplantation. Requirement for dialysis or transplantation is termed end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review, aiming to answer the following clinical questions: What are the effects of a low-sodium diet to reduce progression rate of chronic kidney disease? What are the effects of a low-protein diet to reduce progression rate of chronic kidney disease? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to September 2014 (Clinical Evidence overviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this overview).
RESULTS
We found seven studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic overview we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: low-protein diet versus control, different low-protein diets versus each other (low-protein diet versus very low-protein diet), low-sodium diet versus control, different low-sodium diets versus each other.
Topics: Diet, Protein-Restricted; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Sodium, Dietary
PubMed: 26121377
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Internal Medicine Nov 2015
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Cardiovascular Diseases; Diet Therapy; Female; Humans; Life Style; Patient Compliance; Smoking
PubMed: 26250841
DOI: 10.1111/joim.12408 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Apr 2019This narrative review provides an overview of the current regulation of probiotics, with a focus on those used for the dietary management of medical conditions (Medical... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND & AIMS
This narrative review provides an overview of the current regulation of probiotics, with a focus on those used for the dietary management of medical conditions (Medical Foods).
FINDINGS
The probiotic market has grown rapidly, both for foods and supplements intended to enhance wellness in healthy individuals, and for preparations for the dietary management of disease. Regulation of probiotics varies between regions. Unless they make specific disease-related health claims, probiotics are regulated as food supplements and regulation is focused on the legitimacy of any claims, rather than efficacy, safety and quality. Many properties of probiotics are strain-specific, and safety and efficacy findings associated to specific formulations should not be generalized to other probiotic products. Manufacturing processes, conditions and ingredients are important determinants of product characteristics and changes to manufacturing are likely to give rise to a product not identical to the "original" in efficacy and safety if proper measures and controls are not taken. Current trademark law and the lack of stringent regulation of probiotic manufacturing mean that the trademark owner can commercialize any formulation under the same brand, even if significantly different from the original. These regulatory deficits may have serious consequences for patients where probiotics are used as part of clinical guideline-recommended management of serious conditions such as inflammatory bowel diseases, and may make doctors liable for prescribing a formulation not previously tested for safety and efficacy.
CONCLUSIONS
Current regulation of probiotics is inadequate to protect consumers and doctors, especially when probiotics are aimed at the dietary management of serious conditions.
Topics: Diet Therapy; Dietary Supplements; Drug and Narcotic Control; Health Policy; Humans; Probiotics
PubMed: 29378309
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.01.018 -
Nutrients May 2022Functional dyspepsia represents one of the most common and prevalent disorders of the brain-gut interaction, with a large number of widespread risk factors being...
Functional dyspepsia represents one of the most common and prevalent disorders of the brain-gut interaction, with a large number of widespread risk factors being identified. With an intricate pathogenesis and symptomatology, it heavily impacts the quality of life and, due to the limited efficacy of traditional pharmacological agents, patients are likely to seek other medical and non-medical solutions to their problem. Over the last few years, significant research in this domain has emphasized the importance of various psychological therapies and nutritional recommendations. Nevertheless, a correlation has been established between functional dyspepsia and food intolerances, with more and more patients adopting different kinds of exclusion diets, leading to weight loss, restrictive eating behaviour and an imbalanced nutritional state, further negatively impacting their quality of life. Thus, in this systematic review, we aimed at analysing the impact and efficiency of certain exclusion diets undertook by patients, more precisely, the gluten-free diet and the low-FODMAP diet.
Topics: Diet Therapy; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Gluten-Free; Dyspepsia; Food Intolerance; Humans; Quality of Life
PubMed: 35631198
DOI: 10.3390/nu14102057 -
Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the... Oct 2018The current review highlights the evidence supporting the use of ketogenic diet therapies in the management of a growing number of neurological disorders in adults. An... (Review)
Review
The current review highlights the evidence supporting the use of ketogenic diet therapies in the management of a growing number of neurological disorders in adults. An overview of the scientific literature supporting posited mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy is presented including effects on neurotransmission, oxidative stress, and neuro-inflammation. The clinical evidence supporting ketogenic diet use in the management of adult epilepsy, malignant glioma, Alzheimer's disease, migraine headache, motor neuron disease, and other neurologic disorders is highlighted and reviewed. Lastly, common adverse effects of ketogenic therapy in adults, including gastrointestinal symptoms, weight loss, and transient dyslipidemia are discussed.
Topics: Diet, Ketogenic; Humans; Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 30225789
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-018-0666-8 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Nov 2014
Topics: Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Duodenum; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 25303374
DOI: 10.1111/apt.12954 -
Trials Aug 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders among women of fertile age. Women with PCOS manifest clinical symptoms like menstrual...
A comparison of the portfolio low-carbohydrate diet and the ketogenic diet in overweight and obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most frequent endocrine disorders among women of fertile age. Women with PCOS manifest clinical symptoms like menstrual dysfunction, hirsutism, insulin resistance, and hyperinsulinemia. As excessive amounts of insulin levels directly increase ovarian production of androgens, hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance are considered as the pathogenesis factors of PCOS. The portfolio low-carbohydrate diet (PLCD) is a plant-based diet with 40% carbohydrates combined with five cholesterol-lowering foods and nutrients. On the other hand, the ketogenic diet (KD) is a nutritional protocol with 10% carbohydrates. The purpose of this study is to determine whether PLCD or KD is more effective in alleviating PCOS symptoms.
METHODS
Forty-six overweight or obese women diagnosed with PCOS will be randomly stratified to receive either PLCD or KD for 8 weeks. Measures related to anthropometric and body composition, glucose, and insulin level, HOMA-IR, sex hormones, lipid profile, quality of life, dietary intake, physical activity, and Ferriman-Gallwey score of all participants will be accessed before and after the intervention.
DISCUSSION
Since the first line treatment of PCOS is lifestyle adjustment including diet control and exercise, there has not been determined the optimal diet for this population of women yet. Hence, the goal of conducting this study is to determine whether the PLCD or the KD could have more advantageous effects on attenuating PCOS manifestations. The result of this investigation will give us new insight into curing this disease and will provide evidence-based recommendations for prescribing an optimal diet for PCOS women.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
IRCT20200912048693N3, Trial registered 2022-12-14. https://www.irct.ir/trial/67548.
Topics: Female; Humans; Diet, Carbohydrate-Restricted; Diet, Ketogenic; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Overweight; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Quality of Life; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 37559131
DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07569-6 -
Editorial: mucosal healing and adherence to the gluten-free diet in coeliac disease--authors' reply.Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Nov 2014
Topics: Celiac Disease; Diet, Gluten-Free; Duodenum; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 25303375
DOI: 10.1111/apt.12975