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The American Journal of Clinical... Jul 2012
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Digestive System Diseases; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Male; Nutrition Policy
PubMed: 22673120
DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.112.040808 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Aug 2012Many of my patients experience constipation during pregnancy, even after increasing dietary fibre and fluids. Are there any safe treatments I can recommend to them? (Review)
Review
QUESTION
Many of my patients experience constipation during pregnancy, even after increasing dietary fibre and fluids. Are there any safe treatments I can recommend to them?
ANSWER
Although the recommended first-line therapy for constipation includes increasing fibre, fluids, and exercise, these are sometimes ineffective. Therefore, laxatives such as bulk-forming agents, lubricant laxatives, stool softeners, osmotic laxatives, and stimulant laxatives might be considered. Although few of the various types of laxatives have been assessed for safety in pregnancy, they have minimal systemic absorption. Therefore, they are not expected to be associated with an increased risk of congenital anomalies. However, it is recommended that osmotic and stimulant laxatives be used only in the short term or occasionally to avoid dehydration or electrolyte imbalances in pregnant women.
Topics: Constipation; Dietary Fiber; Exercise Therapy; Female; Fluid Therapy; Humans; Laxatives; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 22893333
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Dairy Science Mar 2012Highly fermentable diets require the inclusion of adequate amounts of fiber to reduce the risk of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA). To assess the adequacy of dietary fiber... (Review)
Review
Highly fermentable diets require the inclusion of adequate amounts of fiber to reduce the risk of subacute rumen acidosis (SARA). To assess the adequacy of dietary fiber in dairy cattle, the concept of physically effective neutral detergent fiber (peNDF) has received increasing attention because it amalgamates information on both chemical fiber content and particle size (PS) of the feedstuffs. The nutritional effects of dietary PS and peNDF are complex and involve feed intake behavior (absolute intake and sorting behavior), ruminal mat formation, rumination and salivation, and ruminal motility. Other effects include fermentation characteristics, digesta passage, and nutrient intake and absorption. Moreover, peNDF requirements depend on the fermentability of the starch source (i.e., starch type and endosperm structure). To date, the incomplete understanding of these complex interactions has prevented the establishment of peNDF as a routine method to determine dietary fiber adequacy so far. Therefore, this review is intended to analyze the quantitative effects of and interactions among forage PS, peNDF, and diet fermentability with regard to rumen metabolism and prevention of SARA, and aims to give an overview of the latest achievements in the estimation of dietary fiber adequacy in high-producing dairy cattle. Recently developed models that synthesize the effects of both peNDF and fermentable starch on rumen metabolism appear to provide an appropriate basis for estimation of dietary fiber adequacy in high-producing dairy cows. Data suggest that a period lasting more than 5 to 6h/d during which ruminal pH is <5.8 should be avoided to minimize health disturbances due to SARA. The knowledge generated from these modeling approaches recommends that average amounts of 31.2% peNDF inclusive particles >1.18mm (i.e., peNDF(>1.18)) or 18.5% peNDF inclusive particles >8mm (i.e., peNDF(>8)) in the diet (DM basis) are required. However, inclusion of a concentration of peNDF(>8) in the diet beyond 14.9% of diet DM may lower DM intake level. As such, more research is warranted to develop efficient feeding strategies that encourage inclusion of energy-dense diets without the need to increase their content in peNDF above the threshold that leads to lower DM intake. The latter would require strategies that modulate the fermentability characteristics of the diet and promote absorption and metabolic capacity of ruminal epithelia of dairy cows.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cattle; Dietary Fiber; Edible Grain; Fermentation; Rumen
PubMed: 22365188
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2011-4421 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2019The forage lignocellulosic complex is one of the greatest limitations to utilization of the nutrients and energy in fiber. Consequently, several technologies have been... (Review)
Review
The forage lignocellulosic complex is one of the greatest limitations to utilization of the nutrients and energy in fiber. Consequently, several technologies have been developed to increase forage fiber utilization by dairy cows. Physical or mechanical processing techniques reduce forage particle size and gut fill and thereby increase intake. Such techniques increase the surface area for microbial colonization and may increase fiber utilization. Genetic technologies such as brown midrib mutants (BMR) with less lignin have been among the most repeatable and practical strategies to increase fiber utilization. Newer BMR corn hybrids are better yielding than the early hybrids and recent brachytic dwarf BMR sorghum hybrids avoid lodging problems of early hybrids. Several alkalis have been effective at increasing fiber digestibility. Among these, ammoniation has the added benefit of increasing the nitrogen concentration of the forage. However, few of these have been widely adopted due to the cost and the caustic nature of the chemicals. Urea treatment is more benign but requires sufficient urease and moisture for efficacy. Ammonia-fiber expansion technology uses high temperature, moisture, and pressure to degrade lignocellulose to a greater extent than ammoniation alone, but it occurs in reactors and is therefore not currently usable on farms. Biological technologies for increasing fiber utilization such as application of exogenous fibrolytic enzymes, live yeasts, and yeast culture have had equivocal effects on forage fiber digestion in individual studies, but recent meta-analyses indicate that their overall effects are positive. Nonhydrolytic expansin-like proteins act in synergy with fibrolytic enzymes to increase fiber digestion beyond that achieved by the enzyme alone due to their ability to expand cellulose microfibrils allowing greater enzyme penetration of the cell wall matrix. White-rot fungi are perhaps the biological agents with the greatest potential for lignocellulose deconstruction, but they require aerobic conditions and several strains degrade easily digestible carbohydrates. Less ruminant nutrition research has been conducted on brown rot fungi that deconstruct lignocellulose by generating highly destructive hydroxyl radicals via the Fenton reaction. More research is needed to increase the repeatability, efficacy, cost effectiveness, and on-farm applicability of technologies for increasing fiber utilization.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Dietary Fiber; Digestion; Edible Grain; Rumen
PubMed: 30928262
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15334 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... Sep 2017Nut consumption is clearly related to human health outcomes. Its beneficial effects have been mainly attributed to nut fatty acid profiles and content of vegetable... (Review)
Review
Nut consumption is clearly related to human health outcomes. Its beneficial effects have been mainly attributed to nut fatty acid profiles and content of vegetable protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, phytosterols and phenolics. However, in this review we focus on the prebiotics properties in humans of the non-bioaccessible material of nuts (polymerized polyphenols and polysaccharides), which provides substrates for the human gut microbiota and on the formation of new bioactive metabolites and the absorption of that may partly explain the health benefits of nut consumption.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Nutritive Value; Nuts; Polyphenols; Prebiotics
PubMed: 27224877
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1096763 -
The Role of Dietary Fibre in Enteral Nutrition in Sepsis Prevention and Therapy: A Narrative Review.Nutrients May 2023This narrative review summarises the current evidence on the role of dietary fibre in enteral nutrition in the prevention and therapy of sepsis, with a focus on... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This narrative review summarises the current evidence on the role of dietary fibre in enteral nutrition in the prevention and therapy of sepsis, with a focus on critically ill patients. The aim is to discuss the implications for clinical practice and identify future directions for policy and research.
RESOURCES
We searched MEDLINE and Google Scholar for records on sepsis, critically ill, enteral nutrition, and dietary fibre. We included all types of articles such as meta-analyses, reviews, clinical trials, preclinical studies, and in vitro studies. Data were evaluated for significance and clinical relevance. Synopsis of Review: Despite the ongoing debate, enteral nutrition containing dietary fibres showed great potential in attenuating sepsis-related outcomes and preventing the incidence of sepsis in critically ill patients on enteral nutrition. Dietary fibres target different underlying mechanisms such as microbiota, mucosal barrier integrity, local cellular immune response, and systemic inflammation. We discuss the clinical potential and concerns that currently exist with the standard implementation of dietary fibre in enterally fed intensive care patients. Additionally, we identified research gaps that should be addressed to determine effectiveness and the role of dietary fibres in sepsis itself and its associated outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Enteral Nutrition; Critical Illness; Critical Care; Dietary Fiber; Sepsis
PubMed: 37299452
DOI: 10.3390/nu15112489 -
British Journal of Pharmacology Mar 2020Dietary fibre, such as indigestible oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, occurs in many foods and has gained considerable importance related to its beneficial effects... (Review)
Review
Dietary fibre, such as indigestible oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, occurs in many foods and has gained considerable importance related to its beneficial effects on host health and specific diseases. Dietary fibre is neither digested nor absorbed in the small intestine and modulates the composition of the gut microbiota. New evidence indicates that dietary fibre also interacts directly with the epithelium and immune cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract by microbiota-independent effects. This review focuses on how dietary fibre improves human health and the reported health benefits that are connected to molecular pathways, in (a) a microbiota-independent manner, via interaction with specific surface receptors on epithelial and immune cells regulating intestinal barrier and immune function, and (b) a microbiota-dependent manner via maintaining intestinal homeostasis by promoting beneficial microbes, including Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli, limiting the growth, adhesion, and cytotoxicity of pathogenic microbes, as well as stimulating fibre-derived microbial short-chain fatty acid production. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on The Pharmacology of Nutraceuticals. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v177.6/issuetoc.
Topics: Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Microbiota
PubMed: 31663129
DOI: 10.1111/bph.14871 -
Nutrients Feb 2023Evidence-based dietary guidance around dietary fiber in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been limited owing to insufficient reproducibility in intervention trials.... (Review)
Review
Evidence-based dietary guidance around dietary fiber in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been limited owing to insufficient reproducibility in intervention trials. However, the pendulum has swung because of our increased understanding of the importance of fibers in maintaining a health-associated microbiome. Preliminary evidence suggests that dietary fiber can alter the gut microbiome, improve IBD symptoms, balance inflammation, and enhance health-related quality of life. Therefore, it is now more vital than ever to examine how fiber could be used as a therapeutic strategy to manage and prevent disease relapse. At present, there is limited knowledge about which fibers are optimal and in what form and quantity they should be consumed to benefit patients with IBD. Additionally, individual microbiomes play a strong role in determining the outcomes and necessitate a more personalized nutritional approach to implementing dietary changes, as dietary fiber may not be as benign as once thought in a dysbiotic microbiome. This review describes dietary fibers and their mechanism of action within the microbiome, details novel fiber sources, including resistant starches and polyphenols, and concludes with potential future directions in fiber research, including the move toward precision nutrition.
Topics: Humans; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Dietary Fiber; Dietary Supplements
PubMed: 36904081
DOI: 10.3390/nu15051080 -
Advances in Nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) Jan 2012The effect of dietary fiber intake on chronic diseases has been explored in adults but is largely unknown in children. This paper summarizes the currently existing... (Review)
Review
The effect of dietary fiber intake on chronic diseases has been explored in adults but is largely unknown in children. This paper summarizes the currently existing evidence on the implications of dietary fiber intake on constipation, obesity, and diabetes in children. Current intake studies suggest that all efforts to increase children's dietary fiber consumption should be encouraged. Available data, predominantly from adult studies, indicate significantly lower risks for obesity, diabetes, and constipation could be expected with higher dietary fiber consumption. However, there is a lack of data from clinical studies in children of various ages consuming different levels of dietary fiber to support such assumptions. The existing fiber recommendations for children are conflicting, a surprising situation, because the health benefits associated with higher dietary fiber intake are well established in adults. Data providing conclusive evidence to either support or refute some, if not all, of the current pediatric fiber intake recommendations are lacking. The opportunity to improve children's health should be a priority, because it also relates to their health later in life. The known health benefits of dietary fiber intake, as summarized in this paper, call for increased awareness of the need to examine the potential benefits to children's health through increased dietary fiber.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Constipation; Diabetes Mellitus; Dietary Fiber; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Obesity
PubMed: 22332100
DOI: 10.3945/an.111.001362 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2022Finger millet (FM) is one of the little millets grown in Asia and Africa. Although still classified as an "orphan crop", there is an increasing interest in the research... (Review)
Review
Finger millet (FM) is one of the little millets grown in Asia and Africa. Although still classified as an "orphan crop", there is an increasing interest in the research of FM seed coat (FMSC), also known as bran. It houses 90% of the seed's polyphenols and dietary fibre. The calcium and phosphorus content of FMSC is about 6- to 25-fold that of other cereals. FMSC is specifically beneficial for its polyphenols, arabinoxylans, phytates, and flavonoids content. Evidence of the hypoglycaemic, nephroprotective, hypocholesterolemic, and anti-cataractogenic effects of FMSC has been substantiated, thereby supporting the health claims and validating its nutraceutical potential for diabetics. This article discusses FMSC extraction and nutritional properties, focusing on arabinoxylan and polyphenols, their potential health benefits, and their application in food formulations. Although there is a dearth of information on using FMSC in food formulation, this review will be a data repository for further studies on FMSC.
Topics: Eleusine; Edible Grain; Seeds; Nutrients; Dietary Fiber
PubMed: 36431938
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227837