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Immunology Oct 2000
Review
Topics: Abatacept; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation; CD28 Antigens; CTLA-4 Antigen; Humans; Immunoconjugates; Ligands; Lymphocyte Activation; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 11012769
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2567.2000.00121.x -
Cells May 2021Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine because of their immunomodulatory properties, anti-inflammatory molecule...
Mesenchymal progenitor cells (MPCs) are a promising cell source for regenerative medicine because of their immunomodulatory properties, anti-inflammatory molecule secretion, and replacement of damaged cells. Despite these advantages, heterogeneity in functional potential and limited proliferation capacity of MPCs, as well as the lack of suitable markers for product potency, hamper the development of large-scale manufacturing processes of MPCs. Therefore, there is a sustained need to develop highly proliferative and standardized MPCs in vitro and find suitable functional markers for measuring product potency. In this study, three lines of pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived MPCs with high proliferative ability were established and compared with bone-marrow-derived MPCs using proliferation assays and microarrays. A total of six genes were significantly overexpressed (>10-fold) in the highest proliferative MPC line (CHA-hNT5-MPCs) and validated by qRT-PCR. However, only two of the genes (MYOCD and ODZ2) demonstrated a significant correlation with MPC senescence in vitro. Our study provides new gene markers for predicting replicative senescence and the available quantity of MPCs but may also help to guide the development of new standard criteria for manufacturing.
Topics: Antigens, Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cellular Senescence; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
PubMed: 34073789
DOI: 10.3390/cells10061301 -
Journal of Autoimmunity 2007Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are common autoimmune diseases, affecting up to 5% of the general population. Thyroid-directed autoimmunity is manifested in two... (Review)
Review
Autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITD) are common autoimmune diseases, affecting up to 5% of the general population. Thyroid-directed autoimmunity is manifested in two classical autoimmune conditions, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, resulting in hypothyroidism and Graves' disease resulting in hyperthyroidism. Autoimmune thyroid diseases arise due to an interplay between environmental and genetic factors. In the past decade significant progress has been made in our understanding of the genetic contribution to the etiology of AITD. Indeed, several AITD susceptibility genes have been identified. Some of these susceptibility genes are specific to either Graves' disease or Hashimoto's thyroiditis, while others confer susceptibility to both conditions. Both immunoregulatory genes and thyroid specific genes contribute to the pathogenesis of AITD. The time is now ripe to examine the mechanistic basis for the contribution of genetic factors to the etiology of AITD. In this review, we will focus on the contribution of non-MHC II genes.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation; CD40 Antigens; CTLA-4 Antigen; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Graves Disease; Hashimoto Disease; Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase, Non-Receptor Type 22; Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases; Receptors, Thyrotropin; Thyroglobulin
PubMed: 17369021
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2007.02.006 -
Glycobiology Oct 2018Human siglecs are a family of 14 sialic acid-binding proteins, most of which are expressed on subsets of immune cells where they regulate immune responses. Siglec-8 is...
Human siglecs are a family of 14 sialic acid-binding proteins, most of which are expressed on subsets of immune cells where they regulate immune responses. Siglec-8 is expressed selectively on human allergic inflammatory cells-primarily eosinophils and mast cells-where engagement causes eosinophil apoptosis and inhibits mast cell mediator release. Evidence supports a model in which human eosinophils and mast cells bind to Siglec-8 sialoglycan ligands on inflammatory target tissues to resolve allergic inflammation and limit tissue damage. To identify Siglec-8-binding sialoglycans from human airways, proteins extracted from postmortem human trachea were resolved by size-exclusion chromatography and composite agarose-acrylamide gel electrophoresis, blotted and probed by Siglec-8-Fc blot overlay. Three size classes of Siglec-8 ligands were identified: 250 kDa, 600 kDa and 1 MDa, each of which was purified by affinity chromatography using a recombinant pentameric form of Siglec-8. Proteomic mass spectrometry identified all size classes as the proteoglycan aggrecan, a finding validated by immunoblotting. Glycan array studies demonstrated Siglec-8 binding to synthetic glycans with a terminal Neu5Acα2-3(6-sulfo)-Gal determinant, a quantitatively minor terminus on keratan sulfate (KS) chains of aggrecan. Treating human tracheal extracts with sialidase or keratanase eliminated Siglec-8 binding, indicating sialylated KS chains as Siglec-8-binding determinants. Treating human tracheal histological sections with keratanase also completely eliminated the binding of Siglec-8-Fc. Finally, Siglec-8 ligand purified from human trachea extracts induced increased apoptosis of freshly isolated human eosinophils in vitro. We conclude that sialylated KS proteoglycans are endogenous human airway ligands that bind Siglec-8 and may regulate allergic inflammation.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; Apoptosis; Eosinophils; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Keratan Sulfate; Lectins; Ligands; Male; Middle Aged; Proteoglycans; Sialic Acids; Trachea
PubMed: 29924315
DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy057 -
BMC Biochemistry Jul 2016Human tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1α (SIRPA) is a surface marker identified in cardiomyocytes differentiated from human embryonic stem...
BACKGROUND
Human tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type substrate 1α (SIRPA) is a surface marker identified in cardiomyocytes differentiated from human embryonic stem cells. Our objective was to determine if circulating SIRPA levels can serve as a biomarker of cardiac injury in children undergoing open heart surgery.
RESULTS
Paired pre- and post-operative serum samples from 48 pediatric patients undergoing open heart surgery and from 6 pediatric patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery (controls) were tested for SIRPA protein levels using commercially available SIRPA ELISA kits from two manufacturers. Post-operative SIRPA concentrations were significantly higher in patients after cardiac surgery compared to non-cardiac surgery when tested using SIRPA ELISA kits from both manufacturers. To verify the identity of the protein detected, recombinant human SIRPA protein (rhSIRPA) was tested on both ELISA kits. The calibrator from both ELISA kits was analyzed by Western blot as well as by Mass Spectrometry (MS). Western blot analysis of calibrators from both kits did not identity SIRPA. MS analysis of calibrators from both ELISA kits identified several inflammatory markers and albumin but no SIRPA was detected.
CONCLUSIONS
We conclude that commercially available ELISA kits for SIRPA give false-positive results. Verifying protein identity using robust protein characterization is critical to avoid false biomarker discovery when using commercial ELISA kits.
Topics: Antigens, Differentiation; Biomarkers; Blotting, Western; Calibration; Case-Control Studies; Child; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Heart Injuries; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Receptors, Immunologic; Recombinant Proteins
PubMed: 27474398
DOI: 10.1186/s12858-016-0073-x -
Disease Markers 2018To evaluate the performance of serum and urinary sCD163 concentrations as possible biomarker in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the performance of serum and urinary sCD163 concentrations as possible biomarker in systemic sclerosis (SSc).
METHODS
Urine and serum samples were obtained from SSc patients and age- and sex-matched controls. Serum and urinary sCD163 concentrations were measured by commercially available ELISA kit. SSc patients were assessed following international guidelines. Cross-sectional analyses were performed.
RESULTS
Two hundred and three SSc patients were included. The control group consisted of 47 age- and sex-matched patients having noninflammatory diseases, mainly osteoporosis. Serum sCD163 levels were significantly higher in SSc patients compared with controls (mean ± SD: 529 ± 251 versus 385 ± 153 ng/mL; < 0.001). Urinary sCD163 concentrations were higher in SSc patients than controls, but this did not reach significance (236 ± 498 versus 176 ± 173 ng/mg uCr; = 0.580). The sCD163 concentrations were not associated with clinical, laboratory, and instrumental characteristics of SSc patients.
CONCLUSION
To our knowledge, this is the first evaluation of both serum and urinary sCD163 levels in SSc. Our results show a significant difference for sera values that should be prioritized for further studies as compared to urinary measurements. Our results further support that the M2 macrophages/CD163 signaling system may play a role in the pathogenesis of SSc, although we could not identify a subset of SSc patients with higher concentrations.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Receptors, Cell Surface; Scleroderma, Systemic
PubMed: 29805720
DOI: 10.1155/2018/8509583 -
Cytometry Dec 1994New technology allows highly sensitive flow cytometric detection and quantitative analysis of intracellular antigens in normal and malignant hemopoietic cells. With this...
New technology allows highly sensitive flow cytometric detection and quantitative analysis of intracellular antigens in normal and malignant hemopoietic cells. With this technology, the earliest stages of myeloid and lymphoid differentiation can easily and reliably be identified using antibodies directed against (pro-)myeloperoxidase/MPO, CD22 and CD3 antigens, respectively. Particularly for the analysis of undifferentiated acute myeloblastic leukemia (AML) cells, the immunological demonstration of intracellular MPO or its enzymatically inactive proforms is highly relevant, since other myeloid marker molecules such as CD33, CD13, or CDw65 are either not restricted to the granulomonocytic lineage or appear later in differentiation. By combining MPO staining with staining for lactoferrin (LF), undifferentiated cells can be distinguished from the granulomonocytic maturation compartment in bone marrow, since LF is selectively expressed from the myelocyte stage of differentiation onward. The list of informative intracellular antigens to be used in leukemia cell analysis will certainly expand in the near future. One candidate, intracellular CD68, has already been tested by us, and results are presented. Also dealt within this article are surface marker molecules not (as yet) widely used in leukemia cell analysis but with the potential to provide important additional information. Among them are the surface structures CD15, CD15s, CDw65, CD79a (MB-1), CD79b (B29), CD87 (uPA-R), and CD117 (c-kit).
Topics: Antigens, CD; Antigens, CD34; Antigens, Differentiation, B-Lymphocyte; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte; Antigens, Neoplasm; Antigens, Surface; Biomarkers, Tumor; CD3 Complex; CD79 Antigens; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Lactoferrin; Lectins; Leukemia; Lewis X Antigen; Membrane Glycoproteins; Peroxidase; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Colony-Stimulating Factor; Receptors, Urokinase Plasminogen Activator; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 2
PubMed: 7534675
DOI: 10.1002/cyto.990180402 -
BMC Research Notes Apr 2023Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are commonly present on immune cells and often mediate cell-to-cell interactions and signaling. Studies have...
OBJECTIVE
Sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs) are commonly present on immune cells and often mediate cell-to-cell interactions and signaling. Studies have shown the presence of Siglecs 1, 2, 5, 6, 10 and 14 on human spermatozoa. To the best of our knowledge, the expression of CD33 on spermatozoa has not yet been studied. Semen samples were collected from 25 healthy men with normal semen status. CD33 expression on purified spermatozoa was evaluated by flow cytometry methods.
RESULTS
The results demonstrate the expression of CD33 on the surface of purified spermatozoa. The mean (± SD) of MFI (mean fluorescence intensity) was 12.85 (± 1.33) and the mean percentage of spermatozoa that express CD33 was 73.75 (± 3.75). Results were obtained showing that spermatozoa express CD33 (or Siglec-3) on their surface. The physiological role of these molecules on spermatozoa remains to be determined. It is recommended that further research be undertaken regarding the role of Siglecs (such as CD33) on spermatozoa apoptosis.
Topics: Male; Humans; Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Sialic Acid Binding Immunoglobulin-like Lectins; Leukocytes; Spermatozoa; Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
PubMed: 37081561
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06324-z -
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. :... Mar 2019CD163 facilitates regulation and resolution of inflammation and removal of free hemoglobin and is highly expressed in myeloid cells from patients with inflammatory...
CD163 facilitates regulation and resolution of inflammation and removal of free hemoglobin and is highly expressed in myeloid cells from patients with inflammatory disorders, such as systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) and macrophage activation syndrome (MAS). Our recent studies indicate that regulation of CD163 mRNA expression is a key functional property of polarized monocytes and macrophages and is mediated at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional level, including via microRNAs. The goal of the current study is to develop a multiparameter flow cytometry panel incorporating detection of CD163 mRNA for polarized monocyte and macrophage populations in disorders such as SJIA and MAS. THP-1 cells and CD14 human monocytes were stained using fluorochrome-conjugated Abs to myeloid surface markers, along with CD163 mRNA. Staining for mRNA could reliably detect CD163 expression while simultaneously detecting different macrophage populations using Abs targeting CD14, CD64, CD80, CD163, and CD209. This approach was found to be highly sensitive for increased mRNA expression when macrophages were polarized with IL-10 [M(IL-10)], with a strong signal over a broad range of IL-10 concentrations, and showed distinct kinetics of CD163 mRNA and protein induction upon IL-10 stimulation. Finally, this panel demonstrated clear changes in polarization markers in unstimulated monocytes from patients with SJIA and MAS, including upregulated CD163 mRNA and increased CD64 expression. This approach represents a robust and sensitive system for RNA flow cytometry, useful for studying CD163 expression as part of a multimarker panel for human monocytes and macrophages, with broad applicability to the pathogenesis of hyperinflammatory diseases.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Cells, Cultured; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Inflammation; Macrophages; Monocytes; RNA, Messenger; Receptors, Cell Surface
PubMed: 30683706
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800765 -
Bulletin Du Cancer Oct 2000Galectins are proteins structurally related to the lectin family. They share, with lectins, the ability to bind carbohydrate residues. Galectins are suspected to mediate... (Review)
Review
Galectins are proteins structurally related to the lectin family. They share, with lectins, the ability to bind carbohydrate residues. Galectins are suspected to mediate several biological functions such as embryonic development growth, immune response and apoptosis. Their role is similar to that of adhesion molecules in cell to cell or to matrix interactions. Their contribution to human carcinogenesis has been suggested from experimental studies. In clinical research, they could be used as a differentiation marker, particularly in thyroid carcinomas and in certain lymphomas.
Topics: Animals; Antigens, Differentiation; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Communication; Cell Physiological Phenomena; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Galectin 3; Galectins; Hemagglutinins; Humans; Immunity; Ligands; Neoplasm Metastasis; Neoplasms; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 11084533
DOI: No ID Found