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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy Sep 2022Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms... (Review)
Review
Digestive system diseases arise primarily through the interplay of genetic and environmental influences; there is an urgent need in elucidating the pathogenic mechanisms of these diseases and deploy personalized treatments. Traditional and long-established model systems rarely reproduce either tissue complexity or human physiology faithfully; these shortcomings underscore the need for better models. Organoids represent a promising research model, helping us gain a more profound understanding of the digestive organs; this model can also be used to provide patients with precise and individualized treatment and to build rapid in vitro test models for drug screening or gene/cell therapy, linking basic research with clinical treatment. Over the past few decades, the use of organoids has led to an advanced understanding of the composition of each digestive organ and has facilitated disease modeling, chemotherapy dose prediction, CRISPR-Cas9 genetic intervention, high-throughput drug screening, and identification of SARS-CoV-2 targets, pathogenic infection. However, the existing organoids of the digestive system mainly include the epithelial system. In order to reveal the pathogenic mechanism of digestive diseases, it is necessary to establish a completer and more physiological organoid model. Combining organoids and advanced techniques to test individualized treatments of different formulations is a promising approach that requires further exploration. This review highlights the advancements in the field of organoid technology from the perspectives of disease modeling and personalized therapy.
Topics: COVID-19; Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Organoids; Precision Medicine; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 36167824
DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01194-6 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Digestive system diseases remain a formidable challenge to human health. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most... (Review)
Review
Digestive system diseases remain a formidable challenge to human health. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is the most characteristic multimeric protein complex and is involved in a wide range of digestive diseases as intracellular innate immune sensors. It has emerged as a research hotspot in recent years. In this context, we provide a comprehensive review of NLRP3 inflammasome priming and activation in the pathogenesis of digestive diseases, including clinical and preclinical studies. Moreover, the scientific evidence of small-molecule chemical drugs, biologics, and phytochemicals, which acts on different steps of the NLRP3 inflammasome, is reviewed. Above all, deep interrogation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a better insight of the pathomechanism of digestive diseases. We believe that the NLRP3 inflammasome will hold promise as a novel valuable target and research direction for treating digestive disorders.
Topics: Humans; Inflammasomes; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Phytochemicals; Digestive System Diseases
PubMed: 36389791
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.978190 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Apr 2021Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially reported in December 2019, and since then it has become a pandemic with newly confirmed cases and deaths increasing... (Review)
Review
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was initially reported in December 2019, and since then it has become a pandemic with newly confirmed cases and deaths increasing continuously. The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically impacted the organization and execution of activities in the clinical sector. Asymptomatic infections are increasingly being identified when patients seek medical advice for non-respiratory system illnesses, particularly digestive system symptoms. This has posed a significant challenge for clinical diagnosis and treatment. Based on the clinical symptoms of patients with COVID-19 reported to date, patients with typical clinical symptoms of COVID-19 may also present with symptoms associated with the digestive system. Digestive illness symptoms in patients with COVID-19 are underscored by a bidirectional relationship between respiratory and digestive systems. Because the clinical diagnosis and treatment of digestive illnesses caused by COVID-19 have been challenging so far, we hypothesized that investigating the pathogenesis of digestive system diseases in patients with COVID-19 will provide potential novel targets for its prevention and treatment, and concurrently reduce COVID-19 virulence and socio-sanitary burden. This review summarizes the relationship between the digestive and respiratory systems in patients with COVID-19 from the perspective of the "gut-lung" axis. We discuss extant literature on the pathogenesis of COVID-19-related digestive symptoms, which may facilitate differential diagnosis and treatment of this condition.
Topics: COVID-19; Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Lung; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33832321
DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-2124 -
Journal of Visceral Surgery Dec 2015Abdominal emergencies during pregnancy (excluding obstetrical emergencies) occur in one out of 500-700 pregnancies and may involve gastrointestinal, gynecologic,... (Review)
Review
Abdominal emergencies during pregnancy (excluding obstetrical emergencies) occur in one out of 500-700 pregnancies and may involve gastrointestinal, gynecologic, urologic, vascular and traumatic etiologies; surgery is necessary in 0.2-2% of cases. Since these emergencies are relatively rare, patients should be referred to specialized centers where surgical, obstetrical and neonatal cares are available, particularly because surgical intervention increases the risk of premature labor. Clinical presentations may be atypical and misleading because of pregnancy-associated anatomical and physiologic alterations, which often result in diagnostic uncertainty and therapeutic delay with increased risks of maternal and infant morbidity. The most common abdominal emergencies are acute appendicitis (best treated by laparoscopic appendectomy), acute calculous cholecystitis (best treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy from the first trimester through the early part of the third trimester) and intestinal obstruction (where medical treatment is the first-line approach, just as in the non-pregnant patient). Acute pancreatitis is rare, usually resulting from trans-ampullary passage of gallstones; it usually resolves with medical treatment but an elevated risk of recurrent episodes justifies laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the 2nd trimester and endoscopic sphincterotomy in the 3rd trimester. The aim of the present work is to review pregnancy-induced anatomical and physiological modifications, to describe the main abdominal emergencies during pregnancy, their specific features and their diagnostic and therapeutic management.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Diagnosis, Differential; Digestive System Diseases; Emergencies; Female; Humans; Laparoscopy; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications
PubMed: 26527261
DOI: 10.1016/j.jviscsurg.2015.09.017 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... May 2020The purpose of this rapid review is to provide an update on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Gastroenterology and Hepatology departments, our patients, and our new... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this rapid review is to provide an update on the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on Gastroenterology and Hepatology departments, our patients, and our new way of working. The gastrointestinal tract and the liver are affected by SARS-CoV-2, especially in patients with immunosuppressive therapies. Patients with liver transplantation should be followed closely. Digestive endoscopy is a high-risk procedure for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. While the pandemic lasts, we must adapt its indications and promote protective measures for patients and healthcare professionals alike. The COVID-19 pandemic has changed our priorities and the way we work, although we do not know what the repercussions will be after normality is reinstated.
Topics: Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Digestive System; Digestive System Diseases; Disease Transmission, Infectious; Endoscopy, Digestive System; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Infection Control; Liver Transplantation; Pandemics; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 32338017
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2020.7128/2020 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Oct 2009Anemia and iron deficiency are so common in digestive diseases that often are underestimated and undertreated. Our goal is to review from classification to treatment of... (Review)
Review
Anemia and iron deficiency are so common in digestive diseases that often are underestimated and undertreated. Our goal is to review from classification to treatment of the diverse types of anemias in different digestive diseases to update our knowledge on diagnosis and treatment. With the goal of improving the prognosis and quality of life of digestive diseases patients, we will review current transfusion, intravenous iron, and erythropoietin roles in the treatment of anemia.
Topics: Anemia; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Blood Transfusion; Digestive System Diseases; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Iron
PubMed: 19787823
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.15.4615 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Sep 2017Behavioral gastroenterology is a new interdisciplinary science that explores the influence of unhealthy lifestyles and psychological factors on the digestive system and... (Review)
Review
Behavioral gastroenterology is a new interdisciplinary science that explores the influence of unhealthy lifestyles and psychological factors on the digestive system and addresses the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of digestive diseases. Moreover, the concept of whole-course intervention with a focus on disease prevention and a new model of integrated therapy based on alterations of lifestyle and psychology are being gradually established. This paradigm may substantively impact the prevention and treatment of digestive diseases.
Topics: Diet; Diet Therapy; Digestive System Diseases; Exercise Therapy; Gastroenterology; Health Behavior; Humans; Interdisciplinary Communication; Life Style; Psychological Techniques; Risk Factors; Sedentary Behavior; Smoking; Smoking Prevention
PubMed: 28970721
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i33.6059 -
Nutrients Jun 2011Systemic and local inflammation in relation to the resident microbiota of the human gastro-intestinal (GI) tract and administration of probiotics are the main themes of... (Review)
Review
Systemic and local inflammation in relation to the resident microbiota of the human gastro-intestinal (GI) tract and administration of probiotics are the main themes of the present review. The dominating taxa of the human GI tract and their potential for aggravating or suppressing inflammation are described. The review focuses on human trials with probiotics and does not include in vitro studies and animal experimental models. The applications of probiotics considered are systemic immune-modulation, the metabolic syndrome, liver injury, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer and radiation-induced enteritis. When the major genomic differences between different types of probiotics are taken into account, it is to be expected that the human body can respond differently to the different species and strains of probiotics. This fact is often neglected in discussions of the outcome of clinical trials with probiotics.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Digestive System Diseases; Gastrointestinal Tract; Genome, Bacterial; Humans; Immunomodulation; Inflammation; Metabolic Syndrome; Metagenome; Probiotics; Species Specificity
PubMed: 22254115
DOI: 10.3390/nu3060637 -
BioMed Research International 2021Exosomes are vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm produced by living cells and secreted into the extracellular matrix. Exosomes mediate cellular communication by... (Review)
Review
Exosomes are vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm produced by living cells and secreted into the extracellular matrix. Exosomes mediate cellular communication by carrying active molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and liposomes. Although exosomes are found in various body fluids, little is known about bile-derived exosomes. This review is the first to summarize the methods of bile storage and isolation of biliary exosomes, highlighting the roles of bile-derived exosomes, especially exosomal noncoding RNAs, in physiological and disease states and discussing their potential clinical applications.
Topics: Bile; Biomarkers; Digestive System Diseases; Exosomes; Humans
PubMed: 33511212
DOI: 10.1155/2021/8743409 -
Biomolecules Nov 2021Ferroptosis, a newly described type of iron-dependent programmed cell death that is distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, and other types of cell death, is involved in... (Review)
Review
Ferroptosis, a newly described type of iron-dependent programmed cell death that is distinct from apoptosis, necroptosis, and other types of cell death, is involved in lipid peroxidation (LP), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Accumulating evidence has highlighted vital roles for ferroptosis in multiple diseases, including acute kidney injury, cancer, hepatic fibrosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, ferroptosis has become one of the research hotspots for disease treatment and attracted extensive attention in recent years. This review mainly summarizes the relationship between ferroptosis and various diseases classified by the system, including the urinary system, digestive system, respiratory system, nervous system. In addition, the role and molecular mechanism of multiple inhibitors and inducers for ferroptosis are further elucidated. A deeper understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and multiple diseases may provide new strategies for researching diseases and drug development based on ferroptosis.
Topics: Digestive System Diseases; Ferroptosis; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Regulatory Networks; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Nervous System Diseases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Urologic Diseases
PubMed: 34944434
DOI: 10.3390/biom11121790