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Journal of Pain and Symptom Management Dec 2017
Topics: Cytokines; Depression; Humans; Neoplasms; Pain; Syndrome
PubMed: 28916292
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.09.003 -
Ageing Research Reviews Aug 2023Autophagy plays a key role in cellular, tissue and organismal homeostasis and in the production of the energy load needed at critical times during development and in... (Review)
Review
Autophagy plays a key role in cellular, tissue and organismal homeostasis and in the production of the energy load needed at critical times during development and in response to nutrient shortage. Autophagy is generally considered as a pro-survival mechanism, although its deregulation has been linked to non-apoptotic cell death. Autophagy efficiency declines with age, thus contributing to many different pathophysiological conditions, such as cancer, cardiomyopathy, diabetes, liver disease, autoimmune diseases, infections, and neurodegeneration. Accordingly, it has been proposed that the maintenance of a proper autophagic activity contributes to the extension of the lifespan in different organisms. A better understanding of the interplay between autophagy and risk of age-related pathologies is important to propose nutritional and life-style habits favouring disease prevention as well as possible clinical applications aimed at promoting long-term health.
Topics: Aging; Autophagy-Related Proteins; Humans; Biomarkers; Autophagy; Longevity; Disease; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Neoplasms; Cardiovascular Diseases; Metabolic Syndrome
PubMed: 37270146
DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101967 -
Cells Oct 2021The SEA complex was described for the first time in yeast ten years ago, and its human homologue GATOR complex two years later. During the past decade, many advances on... (Review)
Review
The SEA complex was described for the first time in yeast ten years ago, and its human homologue GATOR complex two years later. During the past decade, many advances on the SEA/GATOR biology in different organisms have been made that allowed its role as an essential upstream regulator of the mTORC1 pathway to be defined. In this review, we describe these advances in relation to the identification of multiple functions of the SEA/GATOR complex in nutrient response and beyond and highlight the consequence of GATOR mutations in cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Topics: Animals; Disease; Humans; Multiprotein Complexes; Nutrients; Phenotype; Signal Transduction; Terminology as Topic
PubMed: 34685669
DOI: 10.3390/cells10102689 -
Minerva Anestesiologica May 2010Following successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest, neurological impairment as well as other types of organ dysfunction still cause significant morbidity and... (Review)
Review
Following successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest, neurological impairment as well as other types of organ dysfunction still cause significant morbidity and mortality. The whole-body ischemia-reperfusion response that occurs during cardiac arrest and subsequent restoration of systemic circulation results in a series of pathophysiological processes that have been termed the post-cardiac arrest syndrome. The components of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome comprise post-cardiac arrest brain injury, post-cardiac arrest myocardial dysfunction, the systemic ischemia-reperfusion response and persistent precipitating pathology. Management of the post-cardiac arrest syndrome involves intensive care support with input from various other medical specialties in a coordinated fashion. Management of ventilation aims for normal carbon dioxide values and normoxia rather than hyperoxia. Management of the circulation commonly requires vasoactive support to overcome (often transient) myocardial dysfunction. Particular attention should be given to evidence of cardiac ischemia and referral for urgent angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention, if appropriate, should be available to all. Optimizing neurological recovery will involve seizure control, management of hyperglycemia and therapeutic hypothermia. Prognostication following cardiac arrest remains difficult, but there are diagnostic tests that may be used with some degree of accuracy.
Topics: Heart Arrest; Humans; Nervous System Diseases; Recovery of Function; Reperfusion Injury; Resuscitation; Syndrome
PubMed: 20395899
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Leukocyte Biology Mar 2020Dysregulation of neutrophil activation causes disease in humans. Neither global inhibition of neutrophil functions nor neutrophil depletion provides safe and/or... (Review)
Review
Dysregulation of neutrophil activation causes disease in humans. Neither global inhibition of neutrophil functions nor neutrophil depletion provides safe and/or effective therapeutic approaches. The role of neutrophil granule exocytosis in multiple steps leading to recruitment and cell injury led each of our laboratories to develop molecular inhibitors that interfere with specific molecular regulators of secretion. This review summarizes neutrophil granule formation and contents, the role granule cargo plays in neutrophil functional responses and neutrophil-mediated diseases, and the mechanisms of granule release that provide the rationale for development of our exocytosis inhibitors. We present evidence for the inhibition of granule exocytosis in vitro and in vivo by those inhibitors and summarize animal data indicating that inhibition of neutrophil exocytosis is a viable therapeutic strategy.
Topics: Animals; Cytoplasmic Granules; Disease; Exocytosis; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Neutrophils; SNARE Proteins
PubMed: 31990103
DOI: 10.1002/JLB.3RI0120-645R -
Cell Host & Microbe May 2015Antibiotics are by far the most common medications prescribed for children. Recent epidemiological data suggests an association between early antibiotic use and disease... (Review)
Review
Antibiotics are by far the most common medications prescribed for children. Recent epidemiological data suggests an association between early antibiotic use and disease phenotypes in adulthood. Antibiotic use during infancy induces imbalances in gut microbiota, called dysbiosis. The gut microbiome's responses to antibiotics and its potential link to disease development are especially complex to study in the changing infant gut. Here, we synthesize current knowledge linking antibiotics, dysbiosis, and disease and propose a framework for studying antibiotic-related dysbiosis in children. We recommend future studies into the microbiome-mediated effects of antibiotics focused on four types of dysbiosis: loss of keystone taxa, loss of diversity, shifts in metabolic capacity, and blooms of pathogens. Establishment of a large and diverse baseline cohort to define healthy infant microbiome development is essential to advancing diagnosis, interpretation, and eventual treatment of pediatric dysbiosis. This approach will also help provide evidence-based recommendations for antibiotic usage in infancy.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Child; Disease; Dysbiosis; Humans; Infant; Microbiota
PubMed: 25974298
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.04.006 -
Cellular & Molecular Immunology Apr 2018For the past twenty years, chemokines have emerged as a family of critical mediators of cell migration during immune surveillance, development, inflammation and cancer... (Review)
Review
For the past twenty years, chemokines have emerged as a family of critical mediators of cell migration during immune surveillance, development, inflammation and cancer progression. Chemokines bind to seven transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are expressed by a wide variety of cell types and cause conformational changes in trimeric G proteins that trigger the intracellular signaling pathways necessary for cell movement and activation. Although chemokines have evolved to benefit the host, inappropriate regulation or utilization of these small proteins may contribute to or even cause diseases. Therefore, understanding the role of chemokines and their GPCRs in the complex physiological and diseased microenvironment is important for the identification of novel therapeutic targets. This review introduces the functional array and signals of multiple chemokine GPCRs in guiding leukocyte trafficking as well as their roles in homeostasis, inflammation, immune responses and cancer.
Topics: Animals; Chemokines; Disease; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Ligands; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
PubMed: 29375126
DOI: 10.1038/cmi.2017.134 -
Cells Oct 2021Fibroblasts are the major cell population in the connective tissue of most organs, where they are essential for their structural integrity. They are best known for their... (Review)
Review
Fibroblasts are the major cell population in the connective tissue of most organs, where they are essential for their structural integrity. They are best known for their role in remodelling the extracellular matrix, however more recently they have been recognised as a functionally highly diverse cell population that constantly responds and adapts to their environment. Biological memory is the process of a sustained altered cellular state and functions in response to a transient or persistent environmental stimulus. While it is well established that fibroblasts retain a memory of their anatomical location, how other environmental stimuli influence fibroblast behaviour and function is less clear. The ability of fibroblasts to respond and memorise different environmental stimuli is essential for tissue development and homeostasis and may become dysregulated in chronic disease conditions such as fibrosis and cancer. Here we summarise the four emerging key areas of fibroblast adaptation: positional, mechanical, inflammatory, and metabolic memory and highlight the underlying mechanisms and their implications in tissue homeostasis and disease.
Topics: Disease; Embryonic Development; Fibroblasts; Homeostasis; Humans; Inflammation; Models, Biological
PubMed: 34831065
DOI: 10.3390/cells10112840 -
Nature Biotechnology Nov 2007The complement system is a central component of innate immunity and bridges the innate to the adaptive immune response. However, it can also turn its destructive... (Review)
Review
The complement system is a central component of innate immunity and bridges the innate to the adaptive immune response. However, it can also turn its destructive capabilities against host cells and is involved in numerous diseases and pathological conditions. Modulation of the complement system has been recognized as a promising strategy in drug discovery, and a large number of therapeutic modalities have been developed. However, successful marketing of complement-targeted drugs has proved to be more difficult than initially expected, and many strategies have been discontinued. The US Food and Drug Administration's approval of the first complement-specific drug, an antibody against complement component C5 (eculizumab; Soliris), in March 2007, was a long-awaited breakthrough in the field. Approval of eculizumab validates the complement system as therapeutic target and might facilitate clinical development of other promising drug candidates.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Clinical Trials as Topic; Complement Inactivating Agents; Complement System Proteins; Disease; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 17989689
DOI: 10.1038/nbt1342 -
Biochemia Medica Feb 2024YKL-40 or Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a highly conserved glycoprotein that binds heparin and chitin in a non-enzymatic manner. It is a member of the chitinase... (Review)
Review
YKL-40 or Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1 (CHI3L1) is a highly conserved glycoprotein that binds heparin and chitin in a non-enzymatic manner. It is a member of the chitinase protein family 18, subfamily A, and unlike true chitinases, YKL-40 is a chitinase-like protein without enzymatic activity for chitin. Although its accurate function is yet unknown, the pattern of its expression in the normal and disease states suggests its possible engagement in apoptosis, inflammation and remodeling or degradation of the extracellular matrix. During an inflammatory response, YKL-40 is involved in a complicated interaction between host and bacteria, both promoting and attenuating immune response and potentially being served as an autoantigen in a vicious circle of autoimmunity. Based on its pathophysiology and mechanism of action, the aim of this review was to summarize research on the growing role of YKL-40 as a persuasive biomarker for inflammatory diseases' early diagnosis, prediction and follow-up ( cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, endocrinological, immunological, musculoskeletal, neurological, respiratory, urinary, infectious) with detailed structural and functional background of YKL-40.
Topics: Chitinase-3-Like Protein 1; Inflammation; Biomarkers; Disease; Research; Humans; Animals; Early Diagnosis
PubMed: 38125621
DOI: 10.11613/BM.2024.010502