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Frontiers in Public Health 2022
Topics: Animals; Communicable Diseases; Disease Vectors; Vector Borne Diseases
PubMed: 35712269
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.942950 -
Revue Scientifique Et Technique... Dec 2011Economic trends have shaped our growth and the growth of the livestock sector, but atthe expense of altering natural resources and systems in ways that are not always... (Review)
Review
Economic trends have shaped our growth and the growth of the livestock sector, but atthe expense of altering natural resources and systems in ways that are not always obvious. Now, however, the reverse is beginning to happen, i.e. environmental trends are beginning to shape our economy and health status. In addition to water, air and food, animals and birds play a pivotal role in the maintenance and transmission of important zoonotic diseases in nature. It is generally considered that the prevalence of vector-borne and waterborne zoonoses is likely to increase in the coming years due to the effects of global warming in India. In recent years, vector-borne diseases have emerged as a serious public health problem in countries of the South-East Asia region, including India. Vector-borne zoonoses now occur in epidemic form almost on an annual basis, causing considerable morbidity and mortality. New reservoir areas of cutaneous leishmaniosis in South India have been recognised, and the role of climate change in its re-emergence warrants further research, as does the role of climate change in the ascendancy of waterborne and foodborne illness. Similarly, climate change that leads to warmer and more humid conditions may increase the risk of transmission of airborne zoonoses, and hot and drier conditions may lead to a decline in the incidence of disease(s). The prevalence of these zoonotic diseases and their vectors and the effect of climate change on important zoonoses in India are discussed in this review.
Topics: Air Microbiology; Animals; Climate Change; Disease Vectors; Foodborne Diseases; Humans; India; Water Pollution; Zoonoses
PubMed: 22435190
DOI: 10.20506/rst.30.3.2073 -
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal... Apr 2015
Topics: Animals; Climate Change; Communicable Diseases; Disease Vectors; Humans
PubMed: 25688025
DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2014.0377 -
Journal of Cell Science Nov 2020Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are nucleotide sequences that are known to assume regulatory roles previously thought to be reserved for proteins. Their functions include the... (Review)
Review
Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are nucleotide sequences that are known to assume regulatory roles previously thought to be reserved for proteins. Their functions include the regulation of protein activity and localization and the organization of subcellular structures. Sequencing studies have now identified thousands of ncRNAs encoded within the prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes, leading to advances in several fields including parasitology. ncRNAs play major roles in several aspects of vector-host-pathogen interactions. Arthropod vector ncRNAs are secreted through extracellular vesicles into vertebrate hosts to counteract host defense systems and ensure arthropod survival. Conversely, hosts can use specific ncRNAs as one of several strategies to overcome arthropod vector invasion. In addition, pathogens transmitted through vector saliva into vertebrate hosts also possess ncRNAs thought to contribute to their pathogenicity. Recent studies have addressed ncRNAs in vectors or vertebrate hosts, with relatively few studies investigating the role of ncRNAs derived from pathogens and their involvement in establishing infections, especially in the context of vector-borne diseases. This Review summarizes recent data focusing on pathogen-derived ncRNAs and their role in modulating the cellular responses that favor pathogen survival in the vertebrate host and the arthropod vector, as well as host ncRNAs that interact with vector-borne pathogens.
Topics: Animals; Arthropod Vectors; Disease Vectors; Eukaryotic Cells; Host-Pathogen Interactions; RNA, Untranslated
PubMed: 33154170
DOI: 10.1242/jcs.246744 -
Acta Tropica Mar 2019This review intends to discuss central issues regarding the microevolution of mosquito (Culicidae) vectors of several pathogens and how this process impacts vector... (Review)
Review
This review intends to discuss central issues regarding the microevolution of mosquito (Culicidae) vectors of several pathogens and how this process impacts vector biology, disease transmission, and vector control attempts. On the microevolutionary context, it comparatively discusses the current knowledge on the population genetics of representatives of the genera Aedes, Anopheles and Culex, and comments on insecticide resistance of culicids. It also discusses other biological aspects of culicids that are not usually addressed in microevolutionary studies, such as vectorial competence, endosymbiosis, and wing morphology. One conclusion is that mosquitoes are highly genetically variable, adaptable, fast evolving, and have versatile vectorial competence. Unveiling microevolutionary patterns is fundamental for the design and maintenance of all control programs. Sampling methods for assessing microevolution must be standardized and must follow meaningful guidelines, such as those of "landscape genetics". A good understanding of microevolution requires more than a collection of case studies on population genetics and resistance. Future research could deal not only with the microevolution sensu stricto, but also with evolutionarily meaningful issues, such as inheritable characters, epigenetics, physiological cost-free plasticity, vector immunity, symbiosis, pathogen-mosquito co-evolution and environmental variables. A genotyping panel for seeking adaptive phenotypes as part of the standardization of population genetics methods is proposed. The investigative paradigm should not only be retrospective but also prospective, despite the unpredictability of evolution. If we integrate all suggestions to tackle mosquito evolution, a global revolution to counter vector-borne diseases can be provoked.
Topics: Aedes; Animals; Anopheles; Biological Evolution; Culex; Culicidae; Disease Vectors; Insect Vectors; Insecticide Resistance; Mosquito Vectors; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 30529448
DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.12.013 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Sep 2016Diseases caused by arboviruses transmitted by , such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika continue to rise in annual incidence and geographic expansion. A key limitation for... (Review)
Review
Diseases caused by arboviruses transmitted by , such as dengue, chikungunya and Zika continue to rise in annual incidence and geographic expansion. A key limitation for achieving control of has been the lack of effective tools for monitoring its population, and thus determine what control measures actually work. Surveillance of has been based mainly on immature indexes, but they bear little relation to the number of mosquito females, which are the ones capable of transmitting the viruses. The recent development of sampling techniques for adults of this vector species promises to facilitate surveillance and control activities. In this review, the various monitoring techniques for this mosquito are presented, along with a discussion of their usefulness, and recommendations for improved entomological surveillance.
Topics: Aedes; Animals; Chikungunya Fever; Dengue; Dengue Virus; Entomology; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Insect Vectors; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 27869394
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.v36i3.2892 -
ELife Aug 2021The potential for adaptive evolution to enable species persistence under a changing climate is one of the most important questions for understanding impacts of future...
The potential for adaptive evolution to enable species persistence under a changing climate is one of the most important questions for understanding impacts of future climate change. Climate adaptation may be particularly likely for short-lived ectotherms, including many pest, pathogen, and vector species. For these taxa, estimating climate adaptive potential is critical for accurate predictive modeling and public health preparedness. Here, we demonstrate how a simple theoretical framework used in conservation biology-evolutionary rescue models-can be used to investigate the potential for climate adaptation in these taxa, using mosquito thermal adaptation as a focal case. Synthesizing current evidence, we find that short mosquito generation times, high population growth rates, and strong temperature-imposed selection favor thermal adaptation. However, knowledge gaps about the extent of phenotypic and genotypic variation in thermal tolerance within mosquito populations, the environmental sensitivity of selection, and the role of phenotypic plasticity constrain our ability to make more precise estimates. We describe how common garden and selection experiments can be used to fill these data gaps. Lastly, we investigate the consequences of mosquito climate adaptation on disease transmission using -transmitted dengue virus in Northern Brazil as a case study. The approach outlined here can be applied to any disease vector or pest species and type of environmental change.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Aedes; Animals; Climate Change; Dengue; Mosquito Vectors; Temperature
PubMed: 34402424
DOI: 10.7554/eLife.69630 -
Mathematical Biosciences and... Jun 2020The aims of this paper to explore the dynamics of the vector-host disease with saturated treatment function. Initially, we formulate the model by considering three...
The aims of this paper to explore the dynamics of the vector-host disease with saturated treatment function. Initially, we formulate the model by considering three different classes for human and two for the vector population. The use of the treatment function in the model and their brief analysis for the case of disease-free and endemic case are briefly shown. We show that the basic reproduction number (< or >) than unity, the disease-free and endemic cases are stable locally and globally. Further, we apply the optimal control technique by choosing four control variables in order to maximize the population of susceptible and recovered human and to minimize the population of infected humans and vector. We discuss the results in details of the optimal controls model and show their existence. Furthermore, we solve the optimality system numerically in connection with the system of no control and the optimal control characterization together with adjoint system, and consider a set of different controls to simulate the models. The considerable best possible strategy that can best minimize the infection in human infected individuals is the use of all controls simultaneously. Finally, we conclude that the work with effective control strategies.
Topics: Basic Reproduction Number; Disease Vectors; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Theoretical
PubMed: 32987563
DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2020220 -
Mathematical Biosciences and... Jun 2022In this paper, an insect-parasite-host model with logistic growth of triatomine bugs is formulated to study the transmission between hosts and vectors of the Chagas...
In this paper, an insect-parasite-host model with logistic growth of triatomine bugs is formulated to study the transmission between hosts and vectors of the Chagas disease by using dynamical system approach. We derive the basic reproduction numbers for triatomine bugs and as two thresholds. The local and global stability of the vector-free equilibrium, parasite-free equilibrium and parasite-positive equilibrium is investigated through the derived two thresholds. Forward bifurcation, saddle-node bifurcation and Hopf bifurcation are proved analytically and illustrated numerically. We show that the model can lose the stability of the vector-free equilibrium and exhibit a supercritical Hopf bifurcation, indicating the occurrence of a stable limit cycle. We also find it unlikely to have backward bifurcation and Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation of the parasite-positive equilibrium. However, the sustained oscillations of infected vector population suggest that will persist in all the populations, posing a significant challenge for the prevention and control of Chagas disease.
Topics: Animals; Chagas Disease; Disease Vectors; Rhodnius; Trypanosoma cruzi; Trypanosoma rangeli
PubMed: 35801473
DOI: 10.3934/mbe.2022393 -
Parasites & Vectors Oct 2011Vector borne disease (VBD) emergence is a complex and dynamic process. Interactions between multiple disciplines and responsible health and environmental authorities are... (Review)
Review
Vector borne disease (VBD) emergence is a complex and dynamic process. Interactions between multiple disciplines and responsible health and environmental authorities are often needed for an effective early warning, surveillance and control of vectors and the diseases they transmit. To fully appreciate this complexity, integrated knowledge about the human and the vector population is desirable. In the current paper, important parameters and terms of both public health and medical entomology are defined in order to establish a common language that facilitates collaboration between the two disciplines. Special focus is put on the different VBD contexts with respect to the current presence or absence of the disease, the pathogen and the vector in a given location. Depending on the context, whether a VBD is endemic or not, surveillance activities are required to assess disease burden or threat, respectively. Following a decision for action, surveillance activities continue to assess trends.
Topics: Animals; Communicable Disease Control; Disease Vectors; Europe; Humans; Population Surveillance
PubMed: 21967706
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-4-192