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Current Oncology (Toronto, Ont.) Sep 2022An increasing number of duodenal tumors are being diagnosed over the years, leading to increased confusion regarding the choice of treatment options. Small-to-large... (Review)
Review
An increasing number of duodenal tumors are being diagnosed over the years, leading to increased confusion regarding the choice of treatment options. Small-to-large tumors and histological types vary from adenoma to carcinoma, and treatment methods may need to be selected according to lesion characteristics. Because of its anatomic characteristics, complications are more likely to occur in the duodenum than in other gastrointestinal organs. Several reports have described the outcomes of conventional endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic submucosal dissection, cold snare polypectomy, underwater endoscopic mucosal resection, endoscopic full-thickness resection, and laparoscopic and endoscopic cooperative surgery for duodenal tumors. However, even in the guidelines set out by various countries, only the treatment methods are listed, and no clear treatment strategies are provided. Although there are few reports with a sufficiently high level of evidence, considering the currently available treatment options is essential. In this report, we reviewed previous reports on each treatment strategy, discussed the current issues and prospects, and proposed the best possible treatment strategy.
Topics: Humans; Duodenal Neoplasms; Colonic Polyps; Treatment Outcome; Colonoscopy; Duodenum; Adenoma
PubMed: 36290814
DOI: 10.3390/curroncol29100537 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jan 2016Nonampullary duodenal adenomas are relatively common in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), but nonampullary sporadic duodenal adenomas (SDAs) are rare. Emerging... (Review)
Review
Nonampullary duodenal adenomas are relatively common in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), but nonampullary sporadic duodenal adenomas (SDAs) are rare. Emerging evidence shows that duodenal adenomas, regardless of their anatomic location and whether they are sporadic or FAP-related, share morphologic and molecular features with colorectal adenomas. The available data suggest that duodenal adenomas develop to duodenal adenocarcinomas via similar mechanisms. The optimal approach for management of duodenal adenomas remains to be determined. The techniques for endoscopic resection of duodenal adenoma include snare polypectomy, endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), and argon plasma coagulation ablation. EMR may facilitate removal of large duodenal polyps. Although several studies have reported cases of successful ESD for duodenal adenomas, the procedure is technically difficult to perform safely because of the anatomical properties of the duodenum. Although current clinical practice recommends endoscopic resection of all large duodenal adenomas in patients with FAP, endoscopic treatment is usually insufficient to guarantee a polyp-free duodenum. Surgery is indicated for FAP patients with severe polyposis or nonampullary SDAs or FAP-related polyps not amenable to endoscopic resection. Further studies are needed to develop newer endoscopic techniques to guide diagnostic and therapeutic decisions for future management of nonampullary duodenal adenomas.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyps; Dissection; Duodenal Neoplasms; Duodenoscopy; Humans; Intestinal Polyps; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Postoperative Complications; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26811631
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.853 -
Postgraduate Medical Journal Jun 1995Eight cases of primary duodenal carcinoma in a district general hospital are presented. The cases highlight the advanced state of the disease at presentation, the...
Eight cases of primary duodenal carcinoma in a district general hospital are presented. The cases highlight the advanced state of the disease at presentation, the difficulty in diagnosis, and its poor prognosis. Duodenal carcinoma occurs in both sexes worldwide with no predisposing factors in the majority of cases. There is an increased risk in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis and adenomas of the duodenum. Duodenal carcinoma occurs about 22 years from the diagnosis of familial adenomatous polyposis in about 2% of patients, forming over 50% of upper gastrointestinal cancers occurring in these patients. Carcinomatous changes occur in 30 to 60% of duodenal villous adenomas and much less in tubulo-villous and tubular adenomas. These categories of patients should be screened and adequately followed up. Aggressive and radical surgery, even in the presence of locally advanced disease and lymph node involvement, gives a better outcome. When curative surgery is not possible, chemotherapy must accompany palliation with or without radiotherapy. Pre-operative chemotherapy may facilitate a curative radical resection. The general five-year survival is 17-33% but some centres have achieved a five-year survival of 40-60% with aggressive management of these patients.
Topics: Adenoma, Villous; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colonic Neoplasms; Duodenal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 7644397
DOI: 10.1136/pgmj.71.836.354 -
Biomedical Papers of the Medical... Sep 2022The aim of this study was to evaluate symptoms, diagnostic methods, short- and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma. (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to evaluate symptoms, diagnostic methods, short- and long-term outcomes of surgical treatment in patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A single center, retrospective, observational study of 52 consecutive patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma operated on with curative intent between 2006 - 2019. Duodenectomy as part of a hemipancreatoduodenectomy or total pancreatectomy procedure was performed for ADAC (ampullary duodenal/intestinal adenocarcinoma) or NADAC (non-ampullary duodenal adenocarcinoma).
RESULTS
Prevailing symptoms were obstructive jaundice in the ADAC group (P<0.0001) and bleeding in the NADAC group (P=0.005), with larger tumor size in patients with NADAC (P=0.001). Complication rate, morbidity and mortality were comparable. Primary total pancreatoduodenectomy predominated in the NADAC group, 16.6% vs. 2.9%, and salvage completion pancreatectomy in the ADAC group, 6% vs. 0%. Significant prognostic factors for OS were perineural invasion (P=0.006) and adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.045) in the ADAC group, and for DFS the total number of resected lymph nodes (P=0.042) and lymph node ratio (P=0.031) in the NADAC group. Median OS is 21 months and 5-year survival 27.3% in the NADAC group and 41.5 months and 52% in the ADAC group.
CONCLUSION
Ampullary duodenal/intestinal adenocarcinomas are smaller than non-ampullary at diagnosis, with a higher rate of lymph node metastases, but with a better prognosis and long-term outcome in the presented cohort. Oral localisation of NADAC prevailed in the present cohort. Perineural invasion and postoperative oncological therapy are significant prognostic factors for OS in ADAC, but the total number of lymph nodes and lymph node ratio are significant prognostic factors for DFS in NADAC.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Ampulla of Vater; Common Bile Duct Neoplasms; Duodenal Neoplasms; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34012147
DOI: 10.5507/bp.2021.028 -
International Journal of Surgery... 2012Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arising in the duodenum represent a rare entity and can be very demanding to manage. The diagnosis can be difficult (as these... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) arising in the duodenum represent a rare entity and can be very demanding to manage. The diagnosis can be difficult (as these tumors can be misdiagnosed as pancreatic head tumors), and to treat owing to the complex anatomy of the duodenum and of the pancreatic head. Complete resection may require extensive procedures such as pancreaticodudodenectomy.
METHODS AND RESULTS
An extensive literature review regarding clinico-pathological features, diagnostic investigations and surgical options in the management of duodenal GISTs has been performed.
CONCLUSIONS
Duodenal GISTs have uncertain malignant potential, and they may be asymptomatic, or present with abdominal pain or bleeding. A preoperative diagnosis can be difficult to obtain. Endoscopic ultrasound and fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) may be helpful. Surgical R0 resection remains the only curative approach. However, owing to the complex anatomy of the duodenum, limited resection is not always feasible. In these cases, extensive procedures such as pancreaticoduodenectomy or pancreas-preserving duodenectomy are the treatment of choice.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Benzamides; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Duodenal Neoplasms; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Humans; Imatinib Mesylate; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Piperazines; Pyrimidines
PubMed: 22939976
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijsu.2012.08.015 -
Digestive Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) 2019The increasing incidence of duodenal neoplasm has underlined different methods of resection depending on the clinical presentation, endoscopic features and...
BACKGROUND
The increasing incidence of duodenal neoplasm has underlined different methods of resection depending on the clinical presentation, endoscopic features and histopathology. In this comprehensive review, we systematically describe the current knowledge concerning the diagnosis and management of duodenal adenomas (DAs) and discuss data considering all possible therapeutic approaches.
SUMMARY
Among a variety of duodenal lesions, including neuroendocrine tumors and gastrointestinal stromal tumors, DAs present precancerous lesions of the duodenal papilla or non-ampullary region necessitating removal. DAs can occur sporadically (SDA) as rare lesions or relatively common in polyposis syndromes. The endoscopic resections of DA are associated with an increased degree of complexity due to distinctive anatomical properties of the duodenal wall, luminal diameter and the presence of ampulla with pancreatic and biliary drainage. The endoscopic techniques including cold snare polypectomy (CSP), endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), and argon plasma coagulation ablation are suggested to be less invasive than surgical treatment, associated with shorter hospital stay and lower cost. According to the current clinical practice, surgery has been accepted as standard therapeutic approach in familial adenomatous polyposis patients with severe polyposis or DA not amenable to endoscopic resection. Key Messages: The strategy for endoscopic resection of DAs depends on the lesion size, morphology, location, and histopathology findings. Small adenomas are most frequently diagnosed and removed by standard CSP techniques, while large laterally spreading lesions and ampullary adenoma are referred for EMR or endoscopic papillectomy respectively. Screening colonoscopy is indicated in patients with SDA. Additional studies for new endoscopic strategies and techniques for curative therapy of DAs are needed to refine future management decisions. Complete resection of DA is considered curative, but nevertheless, long-term endoscopic follow-up is still required to detect and treat any recurrent arising lesions.
Topics: Adenoma; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Colonoscopy; Duodenal Neoplasms; Humans; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 30921797
DOI: 10.1159/000496697 -
Clinics (Sao Paulo, Brazil) 2012Pancreatico-duodenal tumors are the second most common endocrinopathy in multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1, and have a pronounced effect on life expectancy as... (Review)
Review
Pancreatico-duodenal tumors are the second most common endocrinopathy in multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1, and have a pronounced effect on life expectancy as the principal cause of disease-related death. Previous discussions about surgical management have focused mainly on syndromes of hormone excess and, in particular, the management of multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 1-related Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Since hormonal syndromes tend to occur late and indicate the presence of metastases, screening with biochemical markers and endoscopic ultrasound is recommended for early detection of pancreatico-duodenal tumors, and with early surgery before metastases have developed. Surgery is recommended in patients with or without hormonal syndromes in the absence of disseminated liver metastases. The suggested operation includes distal 80% subtotal pancreatic resection together with enucleation of tumors in the head of the pancreas, and in cases with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, excision of duodenal gastrinomas together with clearance of regional lymph node metastases. This strategy, with early and aggressive surgery before metastases have developed, is believed to reduce the risks for tumor recurrence and malignant progression.
Topics: Duodenal Neoplasms; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1; Pancreatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 22584725
DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(sup01)29 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Sep 2014Because of the low prevalence of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs), standardized clinical management of sporadic superficial NADETs, including diagnosis,... (Review)
Review
Because of the low prevalence of non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (NADETs), standardized clinical management of sporadic superficial NADETs, including diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, has not yet been established. Retrospective studies have revealed certain endoscopic findings suggestive of malignancy. Duodenal adenoma with high-grade dysplasia and mucosal cancer are candidates for local resection by endoscopic or minimally invasive surgery. The use of endoscopic treatment including endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), for the treatment for superficial NADETs is increasing. EMR requires multiple sessions to achieve complete remission and repetitive endoscopy is needed after resection. ESD provides an excellent complete resection rate, however it remains a challenging method, considering the high risk of intraoperative or delayed perforation. Minimally invasive surgery such as wedge resection and pancreas-sparing duodenectomy are beneficial for superficial NADETs that are technically difficult to remove by endoscopic treatment. Pancreaticoduodenectomy remains a standard surgical procedure for treatment of duodenal cancer with submucosal invasion, which presents a risk of lymph node metastasis. Endoscopic or surgical treatment outcomes of superficial NADETs without submucosal invasion are satisfactory. Establishing an endoscopic diagnostic tool to differentiate superficial NADETs between adenoma and cancer as well as between mucosal and submucosal cancer is required to select the most appropriate treatment.
Topics: Adenoma; Carcinoma; Dissection; Duodenal Neoplasms; Duodenoscopy; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 25253950
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i35.12501 -
Acta Gastro-enterologica Belgica 2019This retrospective study purports to examine these characteristics and compare the surgical procedures available and appropriate for the treatment of patients affected... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS
This retrospective study purports to examine these characteristics and compare the surgical procedures available and appropriate for the treatment of patients affected by duodenal GISTs.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A retrospective examination of reports and studies carried out between May 2012 and March 2017, and covering patients with primary GISTs of the duodenum was performed using modules from the SPSS package. Comparisons of treatment effects resulting from the administration of two differential methods of surgical treatment namely pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and limited resection (LR), were effected on the reports of the GIST patients thus selected.
RESULTS
Out of these 62 patients who had undergone resection of duodenal GISTs, 47 (76%) had limited resection (LR) and 15 (24%) underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD). In Multivariate analyses, tumor size was an independent predictive factor for recurrence (p=0.008). ASA, tumor size, and PD were independent and significant prognostic factors on OS (p=0.021, p=0.024, and p=0.030, respectively). In the very low and low risk group, and high-risk group, there were no significant differences in the RFS (recurrence-free survival) and OS (overall survival) between the LR and PD groups.
CONCLUSIONS
When technically feasible, LR should be given due consideration as a reliable and curative option for duodenal GISTs achieving satisfactory RFS and OS.
Topics: Duodenal Neoplasms; Duodenum; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors; Humans; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30888748
DOI: No ID Found -
The Turkish Journal of Gastroenterology... Jul 2023Duodenal lipomas are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tract. Most published literature referring to the tumors is limited to case series. There remained issues about...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Duodenal lipomas are rarely found in the gastrointestinal tract. Most published literature referring to the tumors is limited to case series. There remained issues about the understanding and management of duodenal lipomas to be clarified. We aimed to investigate the clinical and endoscopic features of duodenal lipomas. Additionally, outcomes of endoscopic resection for duodenal lipomas were evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 29 duodenal lipomas resected endoscopically from December 2011 to October 2021 were included. Clinical characteristics, endoscopic features, and endoscopic ultrasound findings were analyzed retrospectively. The endoscopic resection was performed in 3 ways: hot snare polypectomy, endoscopic mucosa resection, and endoscopic submucosal dissection.
RESULTS
Of the 29 duodenal lipomas, 21 were located at the second portion with a mean size of 25.8 mm (range, 7-60 mm). Yamada type IV was the most common macroscopic type in 14 lesions, exhibiting a tendency of forming large peduncles. Seven patients had digestive symptoms. The occurrence of symptoms is associated with the tumor size. Endoscopic ultrasound was performed on 23 duodenal lipomas, of which 20 demonstrated homogenous echogenicity and 3 presented heterogeneous with tubular anechoic region. The endoscopic resection operation was successfully conducted on 29 patients without severe adverse events. The rate of en bloc and endoscopic complete resection was 93.1% and 86.2%, respectively. Recurrence was noted in 1 patient.
CONCLUSIONS
Clinical characteristics with typical endoscopic ultrasound features are helpful in duodenal lipomas diagnosis. The endoscopic resection is a safe and effective treatment for duodenal lipomas with considerable long-term outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Endoscopic Mucosal Resection; Endosonography; Lipoma; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome; Duodenal Neoplasms
PubMed: 37326152
DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2023.22617