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Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational... 2015Port-wine stains are a type of capillary malformation affecting 0.3% to 0.5% of the population. Port-wine stains present at birth as pink to erythematous patches on the... (Review)
Review
Port-wine stains are a type of capillary malformation affecting 0.3% to 0.5% of the population. Port-wine stains present at birth as pink to erythematous patches on the skin and/or mucosa. Without treatment, the patches typically darken with age and may eventually develop nodular thickening or associated pyogenic granuloma. Laser and light treatments provide improvement through selective destruction of vasculature. A variety of vascular-selective lasers may be employed, with the pulsed dye laser being the most common and well studied. Early treatment produces more optimal results. Advances in imaging and laser treatment technologies demonstrate potential to further improve clinical outcomes.
PubMed: 25624768
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S53118 -
Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery.... Apr 2020Most postsurgical scars are considered esthetically and functionally acceptable. Currently, there is no definite consensus treatment for postsurgical scarring. The... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Most postsurgical scars are considered esthetically and functionally acceptable. Currently, there is no definite consensus treatment for postsurgical scarring. The purpose of this review is to shed some light on the value of scar mitigation and the efficacy of different lasers employed on postsurgical wounds.
METHODS
A systematic literature review and computational analysis were conducted to identify relevant clinical articles that pertained to the use of lasers for mitigating postsurgical scars. Articles included the National Institutes of Health-National Center for Biotechnology Information-PubMed search and sources cited from relevant studies after 1995. Trials that attributed pre- and posttreatment scores of scar severity based on a verified scar evaluation scale (eg, Patient and Observer Scar Assessment Scale, Vancouver Scar Scale, Global Assessment Scale) were chosen. Clinical assessments varied for each study. To adequately assess the efficacy of the modalities, the final scaled scar appearance scores were realigned and normalized to a standard scale for unbiased comparison.
RESULTS
After filtering through a total of 124 studies, 14 relevant studies were isolated and thus included in the review. Studied lasers were as follows: Pulsed dye laser (PDL), carbon dioxide, diode, potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP), and erbium glass (Er-Glass) lasers.
CONCLUSION
Treatment with lasers in the postsurgical wound healing phase is safe, effective, and advised in mitigation of pathologic scar formation.
PubMed: 32440416
DOI: 10.1097/GOX.0000000000002746 -
Biosensors Jul 2022Integrated biosensor platforms have become subjects of high interest for consolidated assay preparation and analysis to reduce sample-to-answer response times. By...
Integrated biosensor platforms have become subjects of high interest for consolidated assay preparation and analysis to reduce sample-to-answer response times. By compactly combining as many biosensor processes and functions as possible into a single lab-on-chip device, all-in-one point-of-care devices can aid in the accessibility and speed of deployment due to their compact size and portability. Biomarker assay preparation and sensing are functionalities that are often carried out on separate devices, thus increasing opportunity of contamination, loss of sample volume, and other forms of error. Here, we demonstrate a complete lab-on-chip system combining sample preparation, on-chip optofluidic dye laser, and optical detection. We first show the integration of an on-chip distributed feedback dye laser for alignment-free optical excitation of particles moving through a fluidic channel. This capability is demonstrated by using Rhodamine 6G as the gain medium to excite single fluorescent microspheres at 575 nm. Next, we present an optofluidic PDMS platform combining a microvalve network (automaton) for sample preparation of nanoliter volumes, on-chip distributed feedback dye laser for target excitation, and optical detection. We conduct concurrent capture and fluorescence tagging of Zika virus nucleic acid on magnetic beads in 30 min. Target-carrying beads are then optically excited using the on-chip laser as they flow through an analysis channel, followed by highly specific fluorescence detection. This demonstration of a complete all-in-one biosensor is a tangible step in the development of a rapid, point-of-care device that can assist in limiting the severity of future outbreaks.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Humans; Lab-On-A-Chip Devices; Lasers; Microspheres; Zika Virus; Zika Virus Infection
PubMed: 35884304
DOI: 10.3390/bios12070501 -
Journal of the American Academy of... Aug 2012Port wine stains (PWS) are the most common vascular malformation of the skin, occurring in 0.3% to 0.5% of the population. Noninvasive laser irradiation with... (Review)
Review
Port wine stains (PWS) are the most common vascular malformation of the skin, occurring in 0.3% to 0.5% of the population. Noninvasive laser irradiation with flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye lasers (selective photothermolysis) currently comprises the gold standard treatment of PWS; however, the majority of PWS fail to clear completely after selective photothermolysis. In this review, the clinically used PWS treatment modalities (pulsed dye lasers, alexandrite lasers, neodymium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet lasers, and intense pulsed light) and techniques (combination approaches, multiple passes, and epidermal cooling) are discussed. Retrospective analysis of clinical studies published between 1990 and 2011 was performed to determine therapeutic efficacies for each clinically used modality/technique. In addition, factors that have resulted in the high degree of therapeutic recalcitrance are identified, and emerging experimental treatment strategies are addressed, including the use of photodynamic therapy, immunomodulators, angiogenesis inhibitors, hypobaric pressure, and site-specific pharmaco-laser therapy.
Topics: Angiogenesis Inhibitors; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Low-Level Light Therapy; Port-Wine Stain
PubMed: 22305042
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2011.11.938 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2013Medical treatments for acne vulgaris include a variety of topical and oral medications. Poor compliance, lack of durable remission, and potential side effects are common... (Review)
Review
Medical treatments for acne vulgaris include a variety of topical and oral medications. Poor compliance, lack of durable remission, and potential side effects are common drawbacks to these treatments. Therefore, there is a growing demand for a fast, safe, and side-effect-free novel therapy. Acne often improves after exposure to sunlight, and this has led to the development of laser and other light therapies resulting in the overall ease of treatment, with minimal adverse effects. A variety of light and laser devices has been used for the treatment of acne, including the potassium titanyl phosphate laser, the 585- and 595-nm pulsed dye lasers, the 1450-nm diode laser, radiofrequency devices, intense pulsed light sources, and photodynamic therapy using 5-aminolevulinic acid and indocyanine green. These devices are thought to target the underlying pathogenic factors such as propionibacterium acnes colonization, increased sebaceous gland activity, and the cutaneous inflammatory response. In this article, we review the current status of light- and laser-based treatment of acne.
Topics: Acne Vulgaris; Humans; Laser Therapy; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 23619435
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.110755 -
Optics Express Jan 2021Several biological membranes have been served as scattering materials of random lasers, but few of them include natural photonic crystals. Here, we propose and...
Several biological membranes have been served as scattering materials of random lasers, but few of them include natural photonic crystals. Here, we propose and demonstrate a facile approach to fabricating high-performance biological photonic crystal random lasers, which is cost-effective and reproducible for mass production. As a benchmark, optical and lasing properties of dye-coated Lepidoptera wings, including Papilio ulysses butterfly and Chrysiridia rhipheus moth, are characterized and show a stable laser emission with a superior threshold of 0.016 mJ/cm, as compared to previous studies. To deploy the proposed devices in practical implementation, we have applied the as-fabricated biological devices to bright speckle-free imaging applications, which is a more sustainable and more accessible imaging strategy.
Topics: Animals; Butterflies; Computer-Aided Design; Crystallization; Crystallography; Lasers; Light; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Models, Biological; Moths; Optics and Photonics; Scattering, Radiation; Surface Properties; Wings, Animal
PubMed: 33726407
DOI: 10.1364/OE.414334 -
ChemPhotoChem Aug 2021Creation of a flavylium polymethine dye set enabled selection of two fluorophores that match common lasers for exciting in the near-IR II region. Using these,...
Creation of a flavylium polymethine dye set enabled selection of two fluorophores that match common lasers for exciting in the near-IR II region. Using these, researchers cast a broad net to catch any wavelength emission in the near-IR II region, and relied on selective to multiplex; this is a paradigm shift away from multiplexing via discrimination of wavelengths. Excitation multiplexing with flavylium dyes is a new and exciting strategy, but not yet a perfect one; it requires discrete water soluble fluorophores, including one that is turned on at 808 nm.
PubMed: 36909145
DOI: 10.1002/cptc.202000287