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Journal of Biomechanics Feb 2016It is well-accepted that articular (ART) cartilage composition and tissue architecture are intimately related to mechanical properties. On the other hand, very little...
It is well-accepted that articular (ART) cartilage composition and tissue architecture are intimately related to mechanical properties. On the other hand, very little information about other cartilage tissues is available, such as elastin-rich auricular (AUR) cartilage. While thorough investigation of ART cartilage has enhanced osteoarthritis research, ear cartilage reconstruction and tissue engineering (TE) could benefit in a similar way from in-depth analysis of AUR cartilage properties. This study aims to explore the constituent-function relationships of AUR cartilage, and how elastin influences mechanical behavior. Stress-relaxation indentation and tensile tests were performed on bovine ART and AUR cartilage. Elastase incubation was performed to simultaneously deplete elastin and sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAG), while hyaluronidase incubation was used to deplete sGAG-only, in order to systematically investigate matrix components in material behavior. ART and AUR cartilages showed different viscoelastic behaviors, with AUR cartilage exhibiting a more elastic behavior. Higher equilibrium properties and limited viscous dissipation of strain energy were observed in AUR cartilage, while ART cartilage exhibited a rapid viscous response and high resistance to instantaneous loading. In conclusion, loss of sGAG had no effect on auricular mechanics in contrast to articular cartilage where GAG loss clearly correlated with mechanical properties. Auricular cartilage without elastin lost all compressive mechanical integrity, whereas in articular cartilage this was provided by collagen. This work shows for the first time the involvement of elastin in the mechanical behavior of ear cartilage. In future, this data can be used in AUR cartilage TE efforts to support reproduction of tissue-specific mechanical properties.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cartilage, Articular; Cattle; Collagen; Ear Cartilage; Elasticity; Elastin; Glycosaminoglycans; Joints; Viscosity
PubMed: 26772799
DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.12.032 -
The Journal of Histochemistry and... Jun 2017Laryngeal cartilages undergo a slow ossification process during aging, making them an excellent model for studying cartilage mineralization and ossification processes.... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Laryngeal cartilages undergo a slow ossification process during aging, making them an excellent model for studying cartilage mineralization and ossification processes. Pig laryngeal cartilages are similar to their human counterparts in shape and size, also undergo mineralization, facilitating the study of cartilage mineralization. We investigated the processes of cartilage mineralization and ossification and compared these with the known processes in growth plates. Thyroid cartilages from glutaraldehyde-perfused male minipigs and from domestic pigs were used for X-ray, light microscopic, and transmission electron microscopic analyses. We applied different fixation and postfixation solutions to preserve cell shape, proteoglycans, and membranes. In contrast to the ossifying human thyroid cartilage, predominantly cartilage mineralization was observed in minipig and domestic pig thyroid cartilages. The same subset of chondrocytes responsible for growth plate mineralization is also present in thyroid cartilage mineralization. Besides mineralization mediated by matrix vesicles, a second pattern of cartilage mineralization was observed in thyroid cartilage only. Here, the formation and growth of crystals were closely related to collagen fibrils, which served as guide rails for the expansion of mineralization. It is hypothesized that the second pattern of cartilage mineralization may be similar to a maturation of mineralized cartilage after initial matrix vesicles-mediated cartilage mineralization.
Topics: Animals; Calcification, Physiologic; Cattle; Chondrocytes; Humans; Male; Swine; Thyroid Cartilage
PubMed: 28388264
DOI: 10.1369/0022155417703025 -
Anaesthesia Dec 2016
Topics: Cricoid Cartilage; Intubation, Intratracheal; Pressure
PubMed: 27870170
DOI: 10.1111/anae.13717 -
Cell Transplantation 2016We recently developed a promising regenerative method based on the xenotransplantation of human cartilage progenitor cells, demonstrating self-renewing elastic cartilage...
We recently developed a promising regenerative method based on the xenotransplantation of human cartilage progenitor cells, demonstrating self-renewing elastic cartilage reconstruction with expected long-term tissue restoration. However, it remains unclear whether autotransplantation of cartilage progenitors may work by a similar principle in immunocompetent individuals. We used a nonhuman primate (monkey) model to assess the safety and efficacy of our regenerative approach because the model shares characteristics with humans in terms of biological functions, including anatomical features. First, we identified the expandable and multipotent progenitor population from monkey ear perichondrium and succeeded in inducing chondrocyte differentiation in vitro. Second, in vivo transplanted progenitor cells were capable of reconstructing elastic cartilage by xenotransplantation into an immunodeficient mouse. Finally, the autologous monkey progenitor cells were transplanted into the subcutaneous region of a craniofacial section and developed mature elastic cartilage of their own 3 months after transplantation. Furthermore, we attempted to develop a clinically relevant, noninvasive monitoring method using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Collectively, this report shows that the autologous transplantation of cartilage progenitors is potentially effective for reconstructing elastic cartilage. This principle will be invaluable for repairing craniofacial injuries and abnormalities in the context of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Topics: Animals; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Cells, Cultured; Chondrocytes; Chondrogenesis; Ear Cartilage; Female; Humans; Macaca fascicularis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Mice; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Regeneration; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem Cells; Tissue Engineering; Transplantation, Autologous
PubMed: 26884211
DOI: 10.3727/096368916X690917 -
Academic Emergency Medicine : Official... Oct 1997
Topics: Australia; Cricoid Cartilage; Emergency Treatment; Humans; Tracheotomy
PubMed: 9332635
DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.1997.tb03670.x -
Anaesthesia Apr 2005
Topics: Anesthesiology; Cricoid Cartilage; Education, Medical, Graduate; Emergencies; Humans; Otolaryngology; Thyroid Cartilage; Tracheotomy
PubMed: 15766348
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2005.04161.x -
Anaesthesia Jan 2004
Topics: Cricoid Cartilage; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Intubation, Intratracheal; Pressure; Stomach
PubMed: 14687108
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2044.2004.03587.x -
Anaesthesia Dec 2000
Topics: Cricoid Cartilage; Equipment Design; Humans; Needles; Respiration, Artificial; Thyroid Cartilage
PubMed: 11121942
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.2000.01798-9.x -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Jan 1992
Topics: Epiglottis; Female; Humans; Laryngoscopy; Male
PubMed: 1739556
DOI: 10.1093/bja/68.1.117-a -
British Medical Journal Nov 1968
Topics: Acute Disease; Child; Epiglottis; Humans; Laryngitis
PubMed: 5687623
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.4.5628.455-c